The 2 goals of the present investigation were to 1) examine the reliability of the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire: Short Form (CBQ) in a sample of 4-7 year-old children from the Ukraine and 2) compare those children’s temperament profiles to a) one another when the form was administered in 2 different languages and b) their American counterparts from the CBQ standardization sample. Three waves of data were collected from the parents of 167 children residing in Kiev, Ukraine. Internal reliability analyses showed good internal consistency of the instrument. Comparative analyses conducted both within and between cultures showed similarities and differences across the 15 CBQ dimensions. The observed differences were in the predicted directions: Ukrainian children were rated higher than American children on dimensions reflecting negative affectivity. However, the language of the instrument was a mitigating factor. This finding supports the possibility that parental ethnotheories are embedded in specific languages.