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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Maxillary central incisor crown-root relationships in Class I normal occlusions and Class II division 2 malocclusions

Bauer, Thomas J. 01 May 2014 (has links)
Introduction: The purposes of this study were several. The first was to establish a mean value for the crown-to-root angle, or collum angle (CA), for maxillary central incisors in Class I normal occlusions. The second was to create a new crown-to-root angle based on anatomic points, the labial crown-root angle (LCRA), and correlate it with the CA for Class I normal occlusions and Class II division 2 malocclusions. Third, torque values were measured for maxillary central incisors using these anatomic points, and mean values were calculated for Class I normal occlusions and Class II division 2 malocclusions. Finally, mean values for CA and LCRA were analyzed for Class I normal occlusions and Class II division 2 malocclusions to detect differences between the two groups. Methods: 51 Class I normal samples and 42 Class II division 2 samples who met the inclusion criteria were studied cephalometrically. Relevant landmarks were placed, analyzed for reliability, and recorded for the measurements of interest. Results: The mean CA for Class I normal occlusions was not statistically different from zero (p= .0657). A strong increasing correlation between CA and LCRA was found for all samples (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.88, p < .0001). Mean torque values for Class I normal occlusions and Class II division 2 malocclusions were statistically different (3.95±10.85 degrees vs. 12.54±5.82 degrees, p < .0001). The mean CA for Class I normal occlusions and Class II division 2 malocclusions were statistically different (4.29±5.77 degrees vs. 1.78±3.94 degrees, p = .0178). The mean LCRA for Class I normal occlusions and Class II division 2 malocclusions were statistically different (31.60±4.24 degrees vs. 34.84±5.95 degrees, p = .00037). Conclusions: The mean CA in Class I normal occlusions is not statistically different from zero degrees. The LCRA is strongly correlated with the CA in both Class I normal occlusions and Class II division 2 malocclusions. The mean maxillary central incisor torque values for Class I normal occlusions is similar to that found in bracket prescriptions currently offered. Patients with Class II division 2 malocclusion exhibit statistically higher mean CA and LCRA values than patients with Class I ideal occlusion.
2

Etude fonctionnelle de CROWNROOTLESS1, une protéine à domaine AS2/LOB nécessaire au développement des racines coronnaires chez le riz / Functional study of CROWN ROOTLESS1, a AS2/LOB domain protein essential for rice crown root development

Coudert, Yoan 16 December 2010 (has links)
Chez le riz, la céréale modèle, le système racinaire est principalement constitué de racines issues de la tige, nommées racines coronaires (RC). Peu de gènes contrôlant le développement des RC sont connus, parmi eux CROWN ROOTLESS1 (CRL1) code une protéine à domaine AS2/LOB (ASL/LBD), qui est probablement un facteur de transcription. Le gène CRL1 est nécessaire à l'initiation des primordia de RC, il est directement activé par l'auxine et est situé en amont du réseau de gènes contrôlant le programme de différentiation des RC. Afin de mieux connaître les processus génétiques impliqués dans l'initiation des RC, l!objectif principal de cette thèse est de comprendre la fonction moléculaire de la protéine CRL1 en validant sa fonction de facteur de transcription et en identifiant ses gènes cibles. L'interaction de la protéine CRL1 avec l!ADN a été montrée in vitro et une expérience de SELEX a permis d'identifier sa séquence de fixation à l!ADN : CACA(A/C)C (CRL1-box). Des expériences en levure ont permis de montrer que CRL1 est un activateur de la transcription. Une comparaison entre le sauvage et le mutant crl1, ainsi que l'élaboration d!un système inductible à la dexaméthasone permettant d'activer l'expression de CRL1 dans le fond génétique mutant crl1, ont été utilisés pour identifier des gènes cibles précoces de CRL1 grâce à des analyse de transcriptome. 277 gènes sont activés dès quatre heures après induction de CRL1, les deux tiers contiennent au moins une CRL1-box dans leur promoteur et peuvent donc être des cibles directes de CRL1. CRL1 induit l'expression d!un ensemble de gènes permettant la mise en place des processus de régulation de l'information génétique, de division, de croissance et de différenciation cellulaires nécessaires à la création d'un méristème de racine coronaire organisé et fonctionnel. Parmi eux, QHB code un facteur de transcription clé nécessaire au maintien des cellules souches des méristèmes racinaires. Ce résultat établit pour la première fois un lien moléculaire entre la signalisation de l!auxine et des gènes impliqués dans la mise en place ou le maintien des cellules souches lors de la formation d!un nouveau méristème racinaire au cours du développement post-embryonnaire. Par ailleurs, une étude histologique a permis de révéler que les RC sont issues d!une couche de péricycle dans la tige, un tissu équivalent en termes de localisation et de potentiel rhizogène au péricycle de la racine à partir duquel sont initiées les racines latérales. Les données acquises suggèrent de fortes similarités dans les processus cellulaires et génétiques de la différentiation des méristèmes racinaires au cours du développement post-embryonnaire chez les monocotylédones et les dicotylédones. La découverte de gènes spécifiques au développement de racines issues de la tige ouvre une voie importante vers la compréhension du déterminisme génétique de l!architecture du système racinaire chez les céréales et offre un nouveau potentiel de ressources génétiques pour l!amélioration variétale. / In rice, the model cereal, the root system is mainly composed of stem-derived roots, named crown roots (CR). Very few genes that control the root system development are known, among them CROWN ROOTLESS1 (CRL1) encodes an AS2/LOB-domain protein that is a putative transcription factor (TF). CRL1 is necessary for CR primordium initiation, it is directly activated by auxin and is situated upstream of the gene regulatory network that control the CR differentiation programme. To better known the genetic processes involved in CR initiation, the main objective of this thesis is to understand the molecular function of the CRL1 protein by validating its function of TF and by identifying its target genes. The interaction of CRL1 with DNA was shown in vitro and a consensus CRL1 DNA-binding motif was identified with a SELEX method : CACA(A/C)C named CRL1-box. A yeast assay showed that CRL1 is a transcriptional activator. A comparison between wild type and c rl1 mutant, and the development of a dexamethasone inducible system to ectopically express CRL1 in the crl1 background, were used to identify CRL1 early target genes by transcript profiling. 277 genes were induced from four hours following CRL1 activation, the two-thirds possess at least one CRL1-box and may be CRL1 direct target genes. CRL1 activates the expression of a broad range of genes that allow to orientate genome expression and to initiate cell division, growth and differentiation mechanisms required for the building of an organized and functional CR meristem. Among these genes, QHB encodes a key TF required for the maintenance of root meristem stem cells. This result evidences for the first time a molecular link between auxin signalling and major genes involved in stem cell patterning and maintenance in the formation of a new root meristem during post-embryonic development. Otherwise, an histological study showed that CR are derived from a shoot pericycle, a tissue equivalent to the root pericycle, from which lateral roots develop, in terms of location and rhizogenic potential. All these data suggest strong similarities between monocots and dicots in cellular and genetic mechanisms that control root meristem differentiation during post-embryonic development. The identification of genes specifically involved in stem-derived root development pave the way towards the understanding of the genetic control of root system architecture in cereals and offer a new potential of genetic resources for plant breeding.

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