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L’originalité de ce travail est d’étudier la contribution des nanocelluloses pour limiter deux défauts courant dans les papiers sécurités: le froissage et les “cornes”, où plis qui se manifestent dans les angles des papiers. Ces défauts sont principalement causés par une manipulation quotidienne de ces papiers à haute valeur ajoutée, et sont responsables d’une perte en qualité visuelle et mécanique ainsi que de troubles économiques. Les nanocellulose peuvent être divisées en deux différentes familles de matériaux : les nanofibrilles de celluloses (NFCs) et les nanocristaux de cellulose (NCCs). Les NFCs sont longues et flexibles et peuvent facilement s’enchevêtrer pour former un réseau cohésif maintenu par de nombreuses liaisons hydrogènes. Les NCCs sont des matériaux petits et rigides, et leurs impressionantes propriétés mécaniques font d’eux des candidats intéressants pour être utilisés en renfort de polymère. Dans cette étude, deux stratégies sont proposées pour incorporer ces deux types de nanocellulose dans la fabrication du papier sécurité. Premièrement, il est question d’introduire une couche de NFCs à l’intérieur du papier afin d’augmenter la résistance de ce papier au froissage. Ensuite, il est question d’imprégner ce papier avec de l’alcool polyvinylique renforcé par des NCCs afin d’augmenter la résistance aux cornes. Enfin, ces approches sont testées à l’échelle pilote et industrielle. / The original feature of this work is the use of nanocellulose for limiting two security paper defects: corner folds, also called “dog-ears”, and crumpling. These defects, caused principally by daily handling of these high added value documents, are responsible for a decrease of paper visual and mechanical quality and constitute an economic loss. Nanocellulose can be divided into two different families: cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). CNFs are long and flexible materials with the ability to entangle and form a network strongly maintained by hydrogen bonds. CNCs are short and rigid materials whose outstanding mechanical properties make them good candidates for reinforcement in a polymer matrix. In this study, two strategies are proposed to incorporate these two kinds of nanocellulose in the security paper process. First, it is question to introduce a CNF layer within the paper substrate in order to increase the paper crumpling resistance. Then, it is question to impregnate the paper with CNCs-reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) in order to increase the dog-ears resistance. Finally, these approaches are tested at pilot and industrial scales.

Submitted by Sandra Maria Neri Santiago (sandra.neri@ufpe.br) on 2016-03-07T19:42:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO versão finalt.pdf: 2479188 bytes, checksum: 40682d874a9a13182595ec8c40992750 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-07T19:42:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO versão finalt.pdf: 2479188 bytes, checksum: 40682d874a9a13182595ec8c40992750 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Neste trabalho resumimos o estudo do empacotamento de fios em uma região bidimensional planar. Abordamos o problema de um ponto de vista teórico, usando técnicas de campo conforme, e propriedades de escala do modelo, no regime de empacotamento-rígido, são derivadas, de sorte que os expoentes críticos para a energia elástica e para o número de laços da conformação são obtidos. Os resultados apresentam razoável concordância com dados advindos de experimentos e simulações. Também esboçamos uma analogia entre esse sistema e gravitação em duas dimensões, via gravitação de Liouville. / In this work we summarize the study of the packaging of wire in a planar two-dimensional region. We approach the problem from a theoretical point of view, using techniques of conformal field, and scaling properties of the model, in the tight-packing configuration, are derived, so that the critical exponents for the elastic energy and the number of loops of the conformation are obtained. The results show reasonable agreement with data coming from experiments and simulations. We also outline an analogy between this system and gravitation in two dimensions, via Liouville gravity.