Orientador: Eudes Borges de Araújo / Banca: Keizo Yukimitu / Banca: Antonio Carlos Hernandes / Banca: Noelio Oliveira Dantas / Banca: Antonio Medina Neto / O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais, PosMat, tem caráter institucional e integra as atividades de pesquisa em materiais de diversos campi da Unesp / Resumo: No presente estudo, quatro vidros 20 'Li IND. 2' O-80Te 'O IND. 2' foram preparados com composição nominal idêntica mas com diferentes histórias térmicas. As técnicas de difração de raios-X, espectroscopia no infravermelho, espectroscopia Raman e calorimetria diferencial de varredura foram usadas para compreender os efeitos da história térmica sobre as propriedades térmicas e estruturais dos vidros estudados. Observou-se que as propriedades investigadas dependem fortemente da história térmica dos vidros. Os resultados de difração de raios-X revelaram a presença de três fases cristalinas distintas у-Te 'O IND. 2', α-Te 'O IND. 2, у-Te 'O IND. 2', α-Te 'O IND. 2 e α- 'Li IND. 2'Te 'O IND. 2'O IND. 5' nos vidros estudados com a seguinte sequência de cristalização у-Te 'O IND. 2' 'seta' α-Te 'O IND. 2 'seta' у-Te 'O IND. 2', α-Te 'O IND. 2 'seta' α- 'Li IND. 2'Te 'O IND. 2'O IND. 5". A fase у-Te 'O IND. 2' é metaestável enquanto as fases cristalinas у-Te 'O IND. 2' e α- 'Li IND. 2'Te 'O IND. 2'O IND. 5' persistem até os estágios finais da cristalização. A estrutura das bandas no espectro infravermelho é similar àquelas observadas em vidros Te "O IND. 2'. Para vidros selecionados, as energias de ativação associadas as fases cristalinas foram calculadas considerando que os picos de cristalização das curvas de DSC possam ser representados por três funções lorentzianas reportados em diferentes tamanhos de partículas. Os resultados de DSC sugerem ainda que tratamentos térmicos a longos tempos, em torno de 'T IND. g', imediatamente após o quenching são favoráveis para a produçao de regiões ordenadas nos vidros sem necessariamente aumentar o número de núcleos na matriz vítrea. / Abstract: In the present study, four 20 'Li IND. 2' O-80Te 'O IND. 2', glasses were prepared with identical nominal composition but with different histories. X-Ray Diffraction, Infrared Sprectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry techniques were used to understand the effects of the thermal histories on the thermal and structural properties of the studied glasses. It was observed that investigated properties depend strongly on the thermal histories of the glasses. X-ray Diffraction results reveal the presence of three distinct у-Te 'O IND. 2', α-Te 'O IND. 2 and α- 'Li IND. 2'Te 'O IND. 2'O IND. 5' crystalline phases in the studied glasses with the following crystallization у-Te 'O IND. 2' 'seta' α-Te 'O IND. 2 'seta' у-Te 'O IND. 2', α-Te 'O IND. 2 'seta' α- 'Li IND. 2'Te 'O IND. 2'O IND. 5" sequence. The у-Te 'O IND. 2' is a mestastable phase while α- 'Li IND. 2'Te 'O IND. 2'O IND. 5' crystalline phases persist up to the final stages of the in situ bulk crystallization. The infrared band structure of the studied glasses is similar to the one observed in glassy Te 'O IND. 2'. For selected glasses, activation energies were evaluated from lorentzian three-peak deconvolution of the DSC crystallization peak recorded at different particle sizes. DSC results suggested that heat annealing immediately after quenching at temperatures around 'T IND. g' and longer times are favorable to produce local ordered regions in the glass without necessarily the nuclei number in the glass matrix. / Doutor

Orientador: Keizo Yukimitu / Banca: Victor Ciro Solano Reynoso / Banca: Sandro Márcio Lima / Resumo: Neste trabalho foram estudados os vidros teluretos do sistema (20-x)Li2O-80TeO2- xWO3 com diferentes valores de x. Os resultados das medidas de DRX dos vidros como preparados confirmaram o comportamento amorfo das matrizes vitreas, e para os vidros tratados termicamente em diferentes temperaturas, acima de Tg, evidenciou-se a formacao das fases cristalinas durante o processo de cristalizacao. No vidro com x=0 (TL) foi observado a presenca das fases cristalinas -TeO2, -TeO2 e Li2Te2O5, e para os vidros com x=5 e 10 (TLW-5 e TLW-10) foi observado somente as duas primeiras fases cristalinas. Esse resultado sugere que o WO3 entra na estrutura como formador vitreo e inibe o crescimento da fase cristalina Li2Te2O5. Os parametros termicos, como a Tg, Tx e Tp, e o processo de cristalizacao dos vidros foram estudados por meio das medidas de DSC, e foram calculados os valores da energia de ativacao (E) e do parametro de Avrami. As curvas de DSC foram obtidas para taxas de aquecimento entre 2.5 e 12.5 K.mol-1 e particulas com tamanho 45-63 ƒÊm. A energia de ativacao e o indice de Avrami foram calculados para cada fase cristalina e os picos de DSC foram ajustados utilizando funcoes gaussianas. As curvas de DSC das amostras tratadas termicamente apresentaram os picos de cristalizacao, referentes a cada fase cristalina, separadamente. Nas curvas de DSC do vidro TLW-5 foram observados tres picos de cristalizacao, embora as medidas de DRX tenham apresentado apenas duas fases cristalinas. Deste modo, a existencia deste terceiro pico de cristalizacao nas curvas de DSC do vidro TLW-5 confirmam o processo de transformacao da fase -TeO2 em -TeO2, conforme sugerido pelos dados de DRX e tambem pelos espectros de FT-IR. Nos espectros de infravermelho das tres matrizes vitreas foram verificadas as bandas de absorcao referentes as vibracoes das unidades tetragonais TeO4 e as bandas referentes as ligacoes W-O. / Abstract: In this work the tellurite glasses of the system (20-x)Li2O-80TeO2-xWO3 with different x values were studied. The results of the XRD measurements for glasses as quenched confirmed the amorphous behavior of the glass matrix, and for the glasses thermally treated at different temperatures above Tg evidenced the phases crystalline formed during the crystallization process. In the glass with x=0 (TL) the presence of the -TeO2, -TeO2 and Li2Te2O5 crystalline phases was observed and for the glasses with x=5 and 10 (TLW-5 and TLW-10) were observed only the first two crystalline phases. This result suggests that WO3 enters in the structure as glass former and it inhibits the growth of the crystalline phase Li2Te2O5. The thermal parameters, as Tg, Tx and Tp, and the crystallization process of the glasses were studied through the DSC measurements, the values of the activation energy (E) and the Avrami’s parameter were calculated. The DSC curves were obtained for heating rates between 2.5 and 12.5 K.mol-1, and 45-63 ìm particles size. The activation energy and the Avrami’s parameter were calculated for each crystalline phase and the peaks of DSC were fitted using Gaussian functions. The DSC curves of the samples thermally treated showed the crystallization peaks, regarding each crystalline phase, separately. In the DSC curves of TLW- 5 glass three crystallization peaks were observed, although the measurements of XRD have presented only two crystalline phases. In this way the existence of this third crystallization peak in the DSC curves of the glass TLW-5 confirms the process of transformation of the phase -TeO2 in -TeO2, as suggested by XRD data and also for the FT-IR spectra. In the infrared spectra of the three glass matrix the absorption bands regarding the vibrations of the tetragonal units TeO4 and the bands regarding the connections W-O were observed. / Mestre

Orientador: Raghuvir Krishnaswamy Arni / Banca: Adélia Cristina Oliveira Cintra / Banca: Patrick Jack Spencer / Abstract: Toxins isolated from vemos have been used as molecular tools to understand many physiological processes. The enzymes isolated from the venoms of Crotalus and Bothrops species interfere with the control and balance of the hemostatic system (PEREZ et al., 1996) and thus, the determination of their structures is potentially very important. These enzymes are serine proteinases that are similar to tyrpsin in their specificity but are generally referred to as thrombin-like enzymes due to their ability to cleave fibrinogen. The principal aim of this project was to isolate and characterize snake venom poteins that inetefere with the control and regulation of the hemostatic system in quantities and purity required for structural studies. Gel filtration, ion-exchange and HPLC chromatographic techniques were used to isolate convulxin, crotoxin, giroxin and crotamine, the principle components from the venoms of Crotalus durissus collineatus and Crotalus durissus terrificus and the serine and metalo proteinases from the venom of Bothrops jararaca. The purity of the samples was evaluated by SDS-PAGE and the specific activity of the samples was determined. Crystallization experiments were then carried out. / Mestre