This thesis examines the element of translation of language and cultural memory in the work of contemporary artist Zineb Sedira, whose documentary-style video and photography installations are informed by her complex identity and geographical history, as the French-born daughter of Algerian immigrants who is now based in London. This project analyzes two of her early works, Mother Tongue and Mother, Father and I, to show how the role of translation and mediation in the transmission of memory and the representation of marginalized histories can be used to challenge a unidimensional, reductionist conception of identity rooted in geographic singularity. Through the translation of the “irrepresentable” nature of uprooted identities, Sedira's work questions such assumptions that influence our relation to space, origin, and history, undermining a mentality of exclusion that that contributes to the marginalization of migrant identities.

A radical transformation is taking place in today’s society with the rapid developments in digital technology. The digital dispersion of information occurs globally at an unprecedented speed, altering innumerable aspects of cultural memory to the extent that the experience of cyclical time of ritual culture is gradually replaced by the prevalence of linear time of progress and chaotic time of computerized processes. As a result, both formation and experience of meaning are changed. With that, an important question arises with regards to music: how does musical meaning transpire in contemporary culture? As a theoretical companion to my compositional work, this doctoral dissertation addresses this question from the perspective of memory. Based on the idea that musical meaning is informed through its contextualization within the manifold intersections of memory, cultural memory, and digital technology, its first three chapters explore the relationships between memory and identity, externalized memory and culture, time and meaning in music, and how these relationships can inform musical analysis. The fourth chapter provides analytical approaches to compositions by Luciano Berio, Helmut Lachenmann, John Cage, and Pierluigi Billone informed by the conclusions gained from the previous chapters. The last three chapters focus on the added complexity of the relationships between musical memory and cultural memory as impacted by digital technologies. It will be explored how digital processes affect various aspects of musical memory and musical time. Correspondingly, the final chapter offers musical analyses of compositions with live electronics by composers Brian Ferneyhough and Jonathan Harvey, and the dissertation will be concluded by an analysis of my dissertation composition #ffffff which is appended. Central to the investigation are the post-structuralist ideas of philosophers Bernard Stiegler, Jacques Derrida, Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, as well as theories regarding cultural memory brought forth by Jan and Aleida Assmann. In order to apply these concepts to an examination of music, they will be reconciled with the musical philosophy of Gunnar Hindrichs, the musical semiotics of Jean-Jacques Nattiez, the cultural semiotics of Roland Posner, and the critical media studies of Wolfgang Ernst. / Graduate / 0413 / annette.mailbox@gmx.net

Moving from the basic assumption that media and television are vital sites of memory, pivotal spaces in which we learn about the past, this thesis argues that the most productive and progressive representations of the past are those that allow the past to interact with the present. Yet the past is not simply a representation in the present, it is also performed as cultural memory. One of the key concepts here is the idea that if we do indeed find historical knowledge on television and in everyday life as well as in museums and textbooks, then we might apply the concepts, roles and institutions of the museum, concepts like the archive and the curator, to television and historical consciousness in everyday life. Through this logic television programs are archives and audiences are curators, selecting music and fashions from the representation of the past and using them, performing them in everyday life. To explore this, I begin with textual analyses of the television shows American Dreams and Mad Men. Examinations of music and fashion in each show then gives way to inquiries into how the musical and sartorial artifacts contained in each program are brought out into everyday life. While these chapters primarily consider gendered histories and feminist cultural memories, I conclude with a consideration of racial histories, silenced memories and how unique juxtapositions can point to alternative archives and repertoires. / text

Recently, narrating the experience of the underage soldier in the Second World War has become a major part of the discourses about the Second World War. Particularly, an empathetic approach to the experience of the underage soldier during the war is a new means of understanding the war. This thesis examines this development in two novels comparing and contrasting the German and the African collective memories of the war: Ralf Rothmann’s "Im Frühling Sterben" (2015) and Biyi Bandele’s "Burma Boy" (2006). Whereas, the thesis can show differences in how the child soldier topic contributes to each cultural memory of the war, e.g. it allows for the entry of the West African story of the war into public discourse, the child soldier topic links both discourses by emphasizing universal human tendencies in war, which can be seen in concepts such as sympathy and empathy, guilt and responsibility, as well as multidirectional memory. / February 2017

I examine how religion is presented in the Annals of Tacitus, and how it resonates with and adds complexity to the larger themes of the historian’s narrative. Memory is essential to understanding the place of religion in the narrative, for Tacitus constructs a picture of a Rome with ‘religious amnesia.’ The Annals are populated with characters, both emperors and their subjects, who fail to maintain the traditional religious practices of their forebears by neglecting prodigies and omens, committing impious murders, and even participating in the destruction of Rome’s sacred buildings. Alongside this forgetfulness of traditional religious practice runs the construction of a new memory – that of the deified Augustus – which leads to the veneration of living emperors in terms appropriate to gods. This religious narrative resonates with and illuminates Tacitean observations on the nature of power in imperial Rome. Furthermore, tracing the prominence of religious memory in the text improves our understanding of how Tacitus thinks about the past, and particularly how he thinks about the role of the historian in shaping memory for his readers. I consider various religious categories and their function in Tacitus’ writings, and how his characters interact with them: calendars (do Tacitus’ Romans preserve or change the traditional scheduling of festivals?), architecture (what determines the building of or alterations to temples and other religious monuments?), liturgy (do they worship in the same ways their ancestors did?), and images (how do they treat cult statues?). I analyze the patterns of behaviour, both in terms of ritual practice and in how Tacitus’ characters think about and interpret the supernatural, and consider how Rome’s religious past features in these patterns. The thesis is structured according to the reigns of individual emperors. Four chapters chart Tiberius’ accession, Germanicus’ death, its aftermath, and Sejanus’ rise to power; one chapter examines the religious antiquarian Claudius; and the final chapter analyzes Nero’s impieties and their consequences.

This dissertation explores a shift in cultural memory theory and praxis that loosely coincides with the turn of the century. With Berlin as its focus, I trace this shift through three of its museum institutions (the Jewish Museum, the Masterplan Museumsinsel, and the Neues Museum). I specifically look at three aspects: their museum practices (how history is expressed), the main narratives embodied in their spaces (what history is being expressed), and the critical contexts in which they are embedded (what do these practices and narratives mean in the wider cultural context). Throughout, I develop the idea of a cultural memory that emphasizes how we use the past, or what we do with our cultural inheritance. This runs counter to the cultural memory that sees remembering as a categorical imperative ('never forget' or 'lest we forget'), a memory that is clearly embodied in Libeskind's Jewish Museum and is typified in critical work that either prioritizes trauma (Caruth, LaCapra) or stresses cultivating specific empathetic responses (Landsberg's 'prosthetic memory,' Hirsch's 'postmemory'). My cultural memory hypothesis fits within the general German field of Cultural Memory Studies, as typified in the work of Jan and Aleida Assmann. The outcome of thinking about memory as use, appropriation, and transformation of cultural inheritance is the characterization of the past as an analytical tool. This notion sits well amidst current work by Dekel and Arnold-de Simine who read museum/memorial spaces as facilitators of civic engagement. This new cultural memory can be found embodied in the architectural and curatorial framing of the Neues Museum, in its phenomenological approach to history, its narrative of fragmentary wholeness, as well as in its placing of the twentieth century in long narratives of historical continuity. These characteristics allow me to read the Neues Museum as an example of contemporary thinking about modernism, and thus as part of a discourse that looks to restore and transform crucial mythological tendencies.

Orientador: José Carlos Zamboni / Banca: João Luis Cardoso Tapias Ceccantini / Banca: Luiz Eduardo Ramos Borges / Resumo: Este trabalho objetiva compor um quadro organizado de textos críticos sobre o escritor José Geraldo Vieira (1897-1977), com o propósito de oferecer ao pesquisador material adequado a uma análise mais rigorosa e abrangente da produção literária desse escritor. A maior parte dos textos críticos encontra-se publicada em jornais. Primeiramente, esses textos foram localizados e organizados. Depois disso, visando à avaliação da recepção crítica, foram resenhados e analisados. Ao término desta pesquisa constatou-se que a obra de José Geraldo Vieira tem sido vítima de muitos clichês e comentários que se repetem. Apesar disso, a crítica, no geral, apresenta argumentos positivos suficientes para realçar o valor de José Geraldo Vieira no panorama da literatura brasileira. / Abstract: The aim of this work is compounding an organized table of critical texts about the writer José Geraldo Vieira (1897-1977), with the proposal to offer the researcher appropriate material for a more rigorous and comprising analysis of his literary production. The major part of the critical texts is found published at newspaper. At first, these texts were localized and organized. After that, viewing an evaluation of the reviewer's reception about the works by José Geraldo Vieira, they were summarized and analyzed. The analysis shows that, although sometimes the works of José Geraldo Vieira have been a victim of a random appreciations and repeated comments, they were, in general, well accepted by the reviewers. Thus, these reasons are strong enough to underline the value of his work at Brazilian Literature outline. / Mestre

Esta pesquisa resgata a trajetória de um tipo de publicação muito popular no século XX em todo o mundo, cujo renascimento verifica-se atualmente no mercado editorial brasileiro: os clássicos da literatura universal em quadrinhos. Para isso, buscou-se conhecer o legado da Classics Illustrated (1941-1971), a mais emblemática série de clássicos em quadrinhos do século XX, com presença em 36 países e traduzida para 26 idiomas. Criada por Albert Kanter (1897-1973), imigrante russo radicado nos Estados Unidos, a série espalhou-se por grande parte do Ocidente e influenciou o mercado editorial brasileiro a partir da segunda metade do século XX, quando foi trazida para o País pelo também imigrante russo Adolfo Aizen (1907-1991), com o nome de Edição Maravilhosa (1948-1962). Este trabalho explora a adaptação de obras literárias para quadrinhos com base na autonomia de cada uma das linguagens, identificando sua função nas operações da memória cultural e também os principais editores que compartilharam essa prática cultural no Brasil, a partir de reflexões relacionadas às adaptações como processo e como produto. / This research measures the trajectory of a very popular editorial device in the twentieth century in the world, which revival is now verified in the Brazilian publishing market: the classics of world literature in comic book format. For this, it intended to rescue the legacy of Classics Illustrated (1941-1971), the most emblematic series of classic in comics in the Twentieth century, with presence in 36 countries and 26 languages. Created by Albert Kanter (1897-1973), Russian immigrant living in the United States, the series spread over much of the Western world and influenced the Brazilian publishing market from the second half of the twentieth century when it was brought to the country by also Russian immigrant Adolfo Aizen (1907-1991), with the name of Edição Maravilhosa (1948-1962). This research explores the definitions of classics in comics from the autonomy of each language, identifies their role in the cultural memory operations, the main publishers who shared this cultural practice in Brazil and raises reflections related to adaptation as a process and as a product.

A beberagem Huni (popularmente chamada de Ayahuasca) é uma infusão vegetal psicoativa da Amazônia. Tal infusão é conhecida por provocar estados modificados de percepção que resultam em intensas experiências corporais, geralmente de caráter místico e espiritual. O consumo da beberagem Huni possui um papel fundamental na constituição da identidade social e cultural das tribos dos grupos de língua Pano, sendo importante na sua cosmologia, mitologia e práticas celebrativas e de cura. Desta forma, percebendo-se a importância do estudo de culturas indígenas para o entendimento de etnopsicologias populares, esta pesquisa estudou as manifestações corporais dentro de cerimônias espirituais indígenas Pano, seu papel na memória biográfica e cultural de seus participantes, na preservação e propagação de memória coletiva, como também realizou uma documentação das técnicas corporais utilizadas nas cerimônias. Foi realizado trabalho de campo em cerimônias com Huni conduzidas por indígenas das etnias Yawanawá e Huni Kuin e entrevistas com seis condutores indígenas de cerimônias, além de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre temas relevantes da pesquisa. Foram descritos aspectos da organização das cerimônias; descrição dos espaços cerimoniais; condução das cerimônias; descrição das técnicas corporais utilizadas nas cerimônias (cantos, danças e rodas, defumação, sopros, rezas), além de descrições de processos corporais como as visões, limpezas, dietas e desdobramentos da memória coletiva e pessoal. A análise dos dados teve contribuição do referencial psicanalítico. / The beverage Huni (popularly called Ayahuasca) is a psychoactive plant brew from the Amazon. This infusion is known to cause modified states of perception that result in intense bodily experiences, often mystical and spiritual character. The consumption of the brew Huni has a key role in the constitution of social and cultural identity of the tribes of Pano language groups, being important in their cosmology, mythology and celebratory and healing practices. Thus , realizing the importance of the study of indigenous cultures to understanding popular ethnopsychologies, this research studied the physical manifestations within indigenous spiritual ceremonies Pano, their role in the biographical and collective memory of its participants, the preservation and propagation of memory collective, as well as conducted a documentation of physical techniques used in ceremonies . Fieldwork was conducted in ceremonies with Huni conducted by the indigenous ethnicities Yawanawá and Huni Kuin and interviews with six conductors of indigenous ceremonies, including a literature review of relevant research topic. Aspects of the organization of ceremonies were described ; description of ceremonial spaces ; conduct of ceremonies ; description of the physical techniques used in ceremonies (songs, circle dance, curing smoke, blowing, prayers), descriptions of bodily processes such as visions , cleansing , diets and developments of collective and personal memory. The analysis has contribution of psychoanalytic theory.

This thesis examines patterns of German memory and identity construction as reflected in historical debates around the Rosenstraße protest in 1943 and cultural representations of it since 1990. It positions them within the wider context of debates in Germany on resistance on the one hand and shifting conceptions of national identity on the other. It argues that although the increase in public interest in the protest may appear to be a consequence of unification and the ensuing shift in coming to terms with the past, it in fact precedes them. Drawing on the work in cultural memory theory of Maurice Halbwachs, Jan Assmann, Benedict Anderson, Eric Hobsbawm and others, arguments about the social construction of memory and identity are employed to show how and why patterns of memory, attitudes and ideas about the Nazi past, as expressed through different media of memory, have shifted and how these are tied to conceptions of national identity. This thesis focuses first on debate amongst historians, before moving on to discuss popular history, biography, film and the different forms of memorialisation. It asks why the protest has become a more prominent feature of cultural memory since unification, and demonstrates that its increased currency is a product of trends in resistance historiography and in Holocaust discourses. It argues that cultural memories are multi-layered and developed in relation to one another. The interplay between these different media is therefore analysed, with particular attention given to who is involved in shaping memories of the protest and why, how these memories and surrounding debates have altered over time, and what this indicates about continuing impact of, and attitudes towards the past. This allows for a consideration of the multiple notions of national identity which these representations foster, and an exploration of how conceptions of identity influence what is remembered. The question is asked whether the Rosenstraße resistance narrative has, since the 1980s, facilitated the emergence of a more inclusive and a more nuanced remembering, particularly as this narrative highlights the complexities of opposition and attempts to integrate conceptions of Jewish and non-Jewish suffering, centring them within the one narrative. It asks whether these notions are juxtaposed, and whether either victimhood or German responsibility is relativised. The thesis explores how Germans’ relationship with Jews is reconfigured, how German-Jewish solidarity is foregrounded, who is represented as victim, and of what. At the same time, the extent to which a more hybrid sense of identity, one that transcends national and ethnic boundaries, is promoted through the representations of the Rosenstraße protest is also considered. Lastly, it is argued that the competing representations of events in Rosenstraße which are examined here exemplify the fraught, complex and politicised dynamics of Germany’s historical memory, which is characterised by tension between the wish for normalization and the desire to maintain a critical awareness of the past in which opposition may be recognised but accountability is not relativised. The thesis explores which view predominates and speculates whether this is likely to shift in the near future.