The importance of the creative and cultural capital in the economic development of post-industrial inner cities has been widely demonstrated by urban development literature as it interacts with the physical environment and sustains regeneration processes. However, also in depressed and peripheral neighbourhoods, creative firms, museums, art-based nonprofit organizations, cultural associations, and independent artists can be identified as actors of substantial urban revitalization. The main purpose of this contribution is to understand the potential of third sector organizations related to the arts and culture in the emergence of virtuous patterns in urban regeneration strategies. Data and case study about not-for-profit entities engaged in revitalization projects through innovative artistic expressions in deprived areas of Naples, Italy, are analyzed. Within the general framework of urban redevelopment processes through specific not-for-profit models and tools, this research aims to understand if these actors can be identified as engines of urban regeneration and what lessons policy-makers may learn by these practices.

In the last 12 years, since the devastating attack on the United States Twin Towers on September 11, 2001, the global community has become increasingly wary. The continuing terrorism on July 7, 2005 on the United Kingdom subway system increased tensions between citizens and immigrants in these countries. I use these two countries to examine the consequences effects that these terrorist attacks have had on, in particular, the Muslim immigrant population. In addition to that, I use Germany as a control, since it has not faced a major terrorist attack, yet has a substantial Muslim immigrant population. In the United States and United Kingdom, I use public opinion data polls and immigration policies before and after the attacks. In Germany's case, I utilize the same data and to assess any correlation to the other two countries data. Using the literature already written, public opinion data polls and policy initiatives enacted before and after these attacks, I examine the overall effect, if any, on the Muslim immigrant population in these countries. The intent of this thesis is to explore if the significant changes in immigration policies after the attacks have occurred due to economic or cultural factors. Because public opinion is central to policy changes, I also consider the implications of public's views on immigration after the attacks, along with the effect all this has on the number of Muslim immigrants entering these countries.

O estudo procura apresentar, na perspectiva dos estudos antropológicos e sociais, a dinâmica cultural enquanto formadora da identidade das sociedades e dos indivíduos na atualidade e discute como a cultura, nas complexas sociedades contemporâneas, no mundo globalizado, atua como importante elemento de desenvolvimento humano, social e econômico, à luz da Economia da Cultura. Apresenta o estado da arte das políticas públicas culturais, como reflexo das discussões de importantes organismos internacionais, e como o poder público passa a utilizar o setor cultural como mecanismos de desenvolvimento econômico e social. Discute, por fim, como a economia do Estado de Roraima pode ser aquecida a partir do desenvolvimento da cultura local. / This study tries to present, in the perspective of the cultural anthropologic and social studies the cultural dynamics structures the identity of societies and individuals in the modern word and argues that the culture, in the complex contemporaries and in a globalized world, acts as an important element of human, social and economic development. We use as a main tool of analysis the framework given by the recent field of Economics of Culture. It present the state of the art of the public politics as reflected in the current discussions of important international organisms. Our focus is the cultural sector as a mechanism of economic and social development. It argues, finally that the economy by the government of the State of Roraima can be a push by the development of the local cultural sector.

O estudo procura apresentar, na perspectiva dos estudos antropológicos e sociais, a dinâmica cultural enquanto formadora da identidade das sociedades e dos indivíduos na atualidade e discute como a cultura, nas complexas sociedades contemporâneas, no mundo globalizado, atua como importante elemento de desenvolvimento humano, social e econômico, à luz da Economia da Cultura. Apresenta o estado da arte das políticas públicas culturais, como reflexo das discussões de importantes organismos internacionais, e como o poder público passa a utilizar o setor cultural como mecanismos de desenvolvimento econômico e social. Discute, por fim, como a economia do Estado de Roraima pode ser aquecida a partir do desenvolvimento da cultura local. / This study tries to present, in the perspective of the cultural anthropologic and social studies the cultural dynamics structures the identity of societies and individuals in the modern word and argues that the culture, in the complex contemporaries and in a globalized world, acts as an important element of human, social and economic development. We use as a main tool of analysis the framework given by the recent field of Economics of Culture. It present the state of the art of the public politics as reflected in the current discussions of important international organisms. Our focus is the cultural sector as a mechanism of economic and social development. It argues, finally that the economy by the government of the State of Roraima can be a push by the development of the local cultural sector.

O estudo procura apresentar, na perspectiva dos estudos antropológicos e sociais, a dinâmica cultural enquanto formadora da identidade das sociedades e dos indivíduos na atualidade e discute como a cultura, nas complexas sociedades contemporâneas, no mundo globalizado, atua como importante elemento de desenvolvimento humano, social e econômico, à luz da Economia da Cultura. Apresenta o estado da arte das políticas públicas culturais, como reflexo das discussões de importantes organismos internacionais, e como o poder público passa a utilizar o setor cultural como mecanismos de desenvolvimento econômico e social. Discute, por fim, como a economia do Estado de Roraima pode ser aquecida a partir do desenvolvimento da cultura local. / This study tries to present, in the perspective of the cultural anthropologic and social studies the cultural dynamics structures the identity of societies and individuals in the modern word and argues that the culture, in the complex contemporaries and in a globalized world, acts as an important element of human, social and economic development. We use as a main tool of analysis the framework given by the recent field of Economics of Culture. It present the state of the art of the public politics as reflected in the current discussions of important international organisms. Our focus is the cultural sector as a mechanism of economic and social development. It argues, finally that the economy by the government of the State of Roraima can be a push by the development of the local cultural sector.

A presente tese analisa os aspectos econômicos do financiamento e gestão da cultura brasileira no período 1890 a 1922 nas cidades do Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. A argumentação baseia-se em amplo levantamento de dados quantitativos extraídos de fontes documentais primárias custodiadas por arquivos históricos brasileiros e internacionais, relativas à dinâmica de iniciativas, espaços e instituições de distintos suportes artísticos música, teatro, cinema e artes plásticas. Mais do que um simples arrolamento de dados, empreende-se aqui um esforço sintético, centrando atenções na identificação de macrofuncionalidades econômicas no universo da cultura em suas mais diferentes manifestações. Em diálogo com grandes nomes da teoria cultural internacional como Pierre Bourdieu e Theodor Adorno, o foco da pesquisa é a identificação e compreensão da ação de duas forças sociais estruturantes: a massificação e a distinção. Coligados, antagônicos e mutuamente influentes, serão esses os dois vieses centrais para a estruturação dos circuitos culturais brasileiros. As duas forças se farão presentes nas mais diversas atividades culturais do período. A resultante dessa complexa interação é um mosaico socioeconômico onde triunfa a distinção, o elitismo e a instrumentalização da cultura para finalidades excludentes. / This thesis analyzes the economic aspects of the financing and management of the Brazilian culture in the period 1890-1922 in the cities of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. The argument is based on extensive survey of quantitative data extracted from primary sources from both Brazilian and international historical archives connected to the dynamics of initiatives, spaces and institutions of distinct artistic media music, theater, cinema and plastic arts. More than a simple gathering of data, the project here is to undertake a synthetic effort, focusing on the identification of economic macrofunctionalities in the world of culture in its different manifestations. In dialogue with the great names of the international cultural theory such as Pierre Bourdieu and Theodor Adorno, the research centers attentions in the identification and understanding of the action of two structuring social forces: massification and distinction. Related, diverging and mutually influential, these are the two central biases for the structuring of the Brazilian cultural circuits. The two forces will be present in various cultural activities of the period. The result of this complex interaction is a mosaic where socioeconomic distinction, elitism and the instrumentalization of culture for exclusionary purposes triumphs.

A presente tese analisa os aspectos econômicos do financiamento e gestão da cultura brasileira no período 1890 a 1922 nas cidades do Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. A argumentação baseia-se em amplo levantamento de dados quantitativos extraídos de fontes documentais primárias custodiadas por arquivos históricos brasileiros e internacionais, relativas à dinâmica de iniciativas, espaços e instituições de distintos suportes artísticos música, teatro, cinema e artes plásticas. Mais do que um simples arrolamento de dados, empreende-se aqui um esforço sintético, centrando atenções na identificação de macrofuncionalidades econômicas no universo da cultura em suas mais diferentes manifestações. Em diálogo com grandes nomes da teoria cultural internacional como Pierre Bourdieu e Theodor Adorno, o foco da pesquisa é a identificação e compreensão da ação de duas forças sociais estruturantes: a massificação e a distinção. Coligados, antagônicos e mutuamente influentes, serão esses os dois vieses centrais para a estruturação dos circuitos culturais brasileiros. As duas forças se farão presentes nas mais diversas atividades culturais do período. A resultante dessa complexa interação é um mosaico socioeconômico onde triunfa a distinção, o elitismo e a instrumentalização da cultura para finalidades excludentes. / This thesis analyzes the economic aspects of the financing and management of the Brazilian culture in the period 1890-1922 in the cities of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. The argument is based on extensive survey of quantitative data extracted from primary sources from both Brazilian and international historical archives connected to the dynamics of initiatives, spaces and institutions of distinct artistic media music, theater, cinema and plastic arts. More than a simple gathering of data, the project here is to undertake a synthetic effort, focusing on the identification of economic macrofunctionalities in the world of culture in its different manifestations. In dialogue with the great names of the international cultural theory such as Pierre Bourdieu and Theodor Adorno, the research centers attentions in the identification and understanding of the action of two structuring social forces: massification and distinction. Related, diverging and mutually influential, these are the two central biases for the structuring of the Brazilian cultural circuits. The two forces will be present in various cultural activities of the period. The result of this complex interaction is a mosaic where socioeconomic distinction, elitism and the instrumentalization of culture for exclusionary purposes triumphs.