The pursuit of cultural heritage conservation is particularly problematic in China as the country has been undergoing substantial changes in its governance processes in the post-reform era. As the regime becomes less authoritarian and more pluralized, a multitude of stakeholders (both state and non-state), are now involved in promoting, constructing, challenging and safeguarding a variety of meanings and values in heritage. This thesis incorporates an urban governance lens to examine the policy and practical problems in conserving urban built heritage in contemporary China. This approach offers a new perspective in understanding the distribution of authority and power between the state and society as well as its effect on the management of public affairs. The reconfigurations of the role of the state, market and civil society have ushered in a new phase of urban politics that have enormous implications for built heritage conservation practices. As a result of reforms, conventional stakeholders have assumed new roles in politics; meanwhile, an increasing variety and number of new stakeholders connected to the non-state sector have also emerged; and their relationships and interactions with the state have become increasingly complex. An urban governance perspective draws attention to the new arrangements embedded in these relationships, which have profoundly impacted the decision-making processes in conservation, re-shaped the interpretation of heritage values, re-defined the scope of heritage and re-thought the use of heritage in Guangzhou. By employing a case-study approach, this thesis provides a detailed analysis of the conservation efforts undertaken by various stakeholder groups in Guangzhou in the post-reform era. Guangzhou is one of the country’s designated historic cities; it is also the provincial capital of Guangdong and has experienced rapid marketization over the past three decades. Three district-specific cases are selected to provide an in-depth analysis on the changing relationships among concerned stakeholders. The case of Shamian Island demonstrates the rigidity and constraints of central-local relation; while the case of Xinhepu discloses the evolving state-market relation. Finally, the case of Enning Road examines the rise of non-state stakeholders and their power struggle against the state. These cases were selected because each of them covers a particular heritage aspect that is directly related to the three-pronged national conservation hierarchical framework. The findings in the three cases respectively reveal the intricacies of conservation politics: the bureaucratic politics in the management and conservation of designated heritage; the struggle between state and society over what legitimate type of history is considered as “national” history and the maintenance of its local significance; and the operation-cum-conservation of heritage assets by market forces in China’s transitional economy. The findings of this thesis contribute to a broadened understanding of the changing roles and functions of the state, market and civil society in China’s transitional period; thus revealing the major deficiencies in the existing institutional and managerial frameworks for built heritage conservation in Guangzhou. This thesis also documents the impacts and outcomes of the actions of various state and non-state stakeholders on the prospect of built heritage conservation at an urban scale in China. / published_or_final_version / Geography / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

The present study examined the developing intercultural competence of pre-service English language teachers (ELTs). The nine (9) participants in this study were students within a short-term teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL) certification course who engaged in IC exchanges with culturally diverse English language learners (ELLs) within an intensive English program (IEP). The IC exchanges were held once a week over the course of a six-week period. The foci of the IC exchanges were on concepts of cross-cultural understanding in general, and culturally diverse practices within teaching and learning specifically. The purpose of the study was to research how the participant pre-service teachers conceptualized their developing IC competence across the features of attitude, knowledge, and skills (Spitzberg and Chagnon, 2009), as well as their understanding of how to self-direct their IC competence independently. Data were collected through qualitative phenomenographic interview methods before, during, and after the IC exchanges. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, analyzed and categorized under IC features as expressed by the participants. Excerpts of the interviews are presented along with analyses that connect findings to literature of IC competence within educational contexts and second and foreign language teaching, as well as interpretations and discussion by the researcher. The study applied social-cultural theoretical concept of mediation, seeing all human action as subject to multiple interpretations (Eun and Lim, 2009), as well as zone of proximal development (ZPD) that advances the position of learning through interaction and collective engagement between the learner and more capable peers as essential to the learning process (Lantolf and Poehner, 2014). Through analysis of the interviews, the participants expressed benefits of the IC exchanges to their awareness and understanding of diverse cultural practices, specifically within teaching and learning. Participants also expressed a greater self-reflective and ethnorelative stance of their C1, as well as a more developed ability to articulate C1 practices. Additionally, participants discussed a greater understanding of how to foster an environment of cooperative engagement with ELLs within the second/foreign language classroom concerning cultural practices and perspectives. Lastly, analysis revealed the participants' initial understandings and challenges of how to continue developing their IC competence independently. The current study points to the importance of guiding pre-service teachers to develop deeper and more complex understandings of culture. / A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. / Spring Semester 2017. / April 10, 2017. / cultural synergy, culture, foreign and second language, Intercultural competence, teacher education, TESOL / Includes bibliographical references. / Jeffrey Milligan, Professor Directing Dissertation; Michael Leeser, University Representative; Peter Easton, Committee Member; Mostafa Papi, Committee Member.

published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

No description available.

Lee, Chui Mei. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 171-185). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract / 提要 --- p.vi / Acknowledgement --- p.vii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Urban Renewal and Heritage Conservation in Hong Kong --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- The Blue House Complex Revitalization Project --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3 --- Fieldsite Specification: Why the Blue House Complex in Hong Kong? --- p.14 / Chapter 1.4 --- Introduction of the Blue House Complex Community-led Conservation Movement --- p.16 / Chapter Chpater 2 --- Literature Review --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1 --- Construction of Heritage --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2 --- Uses of Heritage --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3 --- Community in Heritage Conservation --- p.26 / Chapter 2.4 --- Politics in Heritage Conservation --- p.29 / Chapter 2.5 --- Heritage Conservation in Hong Kong Urban Renewal --- p.36 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Objectives and Methodology --- p.39 / Chapter 3.1 --- Objectives --- p.39 / Chapter 3.2 --- Methodology --- p.40 / Chapter 3.3 --- Ethical Concerns --- p.48 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- The Blue House Complex --- p.50 / Chapter 4.1 --- History of Wan Chai --- p.51 / Chapter 4.2 --- History of Stone Nullah Lane and the Blue House Complex --- p.53 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Stone Nullah Lane --- p.53 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- History of the Blue House Complex --- p.56 / Chapter 4.3 --- Architectural Features and Specific Lifestyles in the Blue House Complex --- p.59 / Chapter 4.4 --- Lifestyle of Current Residents in the Blue House Complex --- p.60 / Chapter 4.5 --- The Demographics of the Blue House Complex --- p.63 / Chapter 4.6 --- Economic Structure of the Blue House Complex --- p.66 / Chapter 4.7 --- Social Structure of the Blue House Complex --- p.70 / Chapter 4.8 --- Cultural Significance of the Blue House Complex --- p.76 / Chapter 4.9 --- Various Interpretations of the Blue House Complex --- p.78 / Chapter 4.9.1 --- Interpretation of the Antiquities Advisory Board and Antiquities and Monuments Office --- p.78 / Chapter 4.9.2 --- Interpretation of the Urban Renewal Authority and Hong Kong Housing Society --- p.81 / Chapter 4.9.3 --- "Interpretation of the Community, Including Locals and Other Outsiders" --- p.81 / Chapter 4.10 --- Chapter Summary --- p.84 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- The Conservation of the Blue House Complex --- p.86 / Chapter 5.1 --- Interest Groups in the Blue House Complex Conservation Project --- p..86 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- The Government and Local Authorities --- p.86 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Residents and Local Businesses --- p.",91" / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Outside Volunteers --- p..96 / Chapter 5.2 --- Different Conservation Approaches to the Blue House Complex --- p.102 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Government Authorities' Conservation Approach to the Blue House Complex --- p.102 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Community´ةs Conservation Approach to the Blue House Complex --- p.105 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- The Impact of the Mass Media on the Conservation of the Blue House Complex --- p.109 / Chapter 5.3 --- Chapter Summary --- p.111 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Politics in the Blue House Complex Conservation Project --- p.113 / Chapter 6.1 --- Possession of Power by Different Parties --- p.113 / Chapter 6.2 --- The Negotiations inside the Local Community --- p.117 / Chapter 6.3 --- The Negotiations between the Local community and Outsiders --- p.118 / Chapter 6.4 --- The Negotiations of Interests between the Authorities and the Community --- p.126 / Chapter 6.5 --- The Networks among Conservation Activities and Dispositions from Them --- p.137 / Chapter 6.6 --- Chapter Summary --- p.142 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Effects of the Blue House Complex Community-led Conservation Movement on the Local Community and Outside Volunteers --- p.138 / Chapter 7.1 --- Empowerment among the Outsiders and Locals --- p.144 / Chapter 7.2 --- Reflections of and Changes in the Participants --- p.148 / Chapter 7.3 --- Chapter Summary --- p.158 / Chapter 8 Conclusion --- p.160 / References --- p.171

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Landscape Architecture

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Landscape Architecture

Thesis (M. Tech. Design technology) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2011 / This dissertation outlines a procedural scanning process using the portable ZCorporation ZScanner® 700 and provides an overview of the developments surrounding 3D scanning technologies; specifically their application for archiving Cultural Heritage sites and projects. The procedural scanning process is structured around the identification of 3D data recording variables applicable to the digital archiving of an art museum’s collection of sculptures. The outlining of a procedural 3D scanning environment supports the developing technology of 3D digital archiving in view of artefact preservation and interactive digital accessibility. Presented in this paper are several case studies that record 3D scanning variables such as texture, scale, surface detail, light and data conversion applicable to varied sculptural surfaces and form. Emphasis is placed on the procedural documentation and the anomalies associated with the physical object, equipment used, and the scanning environment. In support of the above, the Cultural Heritage projects that are analyzed prove that 3D portable scanning could provide digital longevity and access to previously inaccessible arenas for a diverse range of digital data archiving infrastructures. The development of 3D data acquisition via scanning, CAD modelling and 2D to 3D data file conversion technologies as well as the aesthetic effect and standards of digital archiving in terms of the artwork – viewer relationship and international practices or criterions of 3D digitizing are analysed. These projects indicate the significant use of optical 3D scanning techniques and their employ on renowned historical artefacts thus emphasizing their importance, safety and effectiveness. The aim with this research is to establish that the innovation and future implications of 3D scanning could be instrumental to future technological advancement in an interdisciplinary capacity to further data capture and processing in various Cultural Heritage diagnostic applications.

published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning