Master of Science / Civil Engineering / Kyle Riding / The Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) currently practices a six-month procedure for determining freeze-thaw durability of coarse aggregate intended for use in concrete pavement. In addition to the excessive amount of time required to conduct this procedure, the testing conditions fail to replicate the accelerated rate of concrete deterioration commonly caused by deicer salt exposure in freeze-thaw environments. An experimental study was conducted in an attempt to reduce the duration of this aggregate qualification procedure. Limestone course aggregates from different quarries were used to batch concrete specimens. These specimens were subjected to curing regimes of different durations before being exposed to repeated cycles of freezing and thawing. The effects of the curing methods on freeze-thaw durability were then investigated. Another segment of this study entailed the immersion of coarse aggregate in salt brine solution prior to concrete batching. Salt-treated and non-salt-treated specimens were subjected to two different methods of freeze-thaw cycling to determine if the presence of salt could differentiate between aggregates with high and low performance. This study found that shorter curing methods, along with adjusted performance requirements, could be used to develop a shorter aggregate qualification procedure. It also found that shorter periods of time in more severe freeze-thaw conditions produced comparable concrete durability results to those of the current test method. Salt treatment of aggregates could indicate a difference in performance of aggregates when exposed to salts in freeze-thaw conditions. It could also be useful in determining frost resistance of hardened cement paste.

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Thesis (M.S.D.)--Indiana University School of Dentistry, 2009. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Feb. 5, 2010) Advisor(s): John A. Levon, Chair of the Research Committee, Carl J. Andres, Tien-Min Gabriel Chu, David Brown, Suteera Hovijitra. Curriculum vitae. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-69).

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The discovery of geopolymers is a breakthrough which provides a cleaner and environmentally-friendlier alternative to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). Since the pioneering days, the understanding of the chemistry, synthesis, and practical application of geopolymers has improved to the extent that commercialisation of geopolymers on a large scale is possible in the near future. However, the fundamental breakthroughs and understanding to date are based on investigations of ‘pure’ raw materials, like metakaolinite. The utilisation of metakaolinite has been useful in a research setting, but will be impractical for widespread application. Therefore, the thesis attempts to do a more detailed study on geopolymers synthesised from waste materials, such as fly ash. The motivation for using fly ash as the main raw material is driven by various factors: (1) it is cheap and available in bulk quantities, (2) it is currently under-utilised, except for its use as an additive in OPC, (3) it has high workability, and (4) it requires less water (or solution) for activation.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2002-02-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:31:08Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rastelli_ans_me_arafo.pdf: 843933 bytes, checksum: 3b62898b2965cd923e0392e3b0cc6a96 (MD5) / O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade de polimerização, através da estrutura dental, de três diferentes fontes de luz (Halógena, Laser de Argônio e LEDs), por meio do teste de microdureza. Para isto, foram confeccionados corpos-de-prova em uma matriz metálica circular contendo um orifício na porção central com 4 mm de diâmetro e 2 mm de profundidade. Utilizou-se a resina composta microhibrida Charisma (Heraeus-Kulzer), na cor A2, para a confecção dos corpos-de-prova. Cinco corpos-de-prova foram confeccionados para cada situação diferente, perfazendo um total de 140 corpos-de-prova, distribuídos em 3 grupos da seguinte maneira: GRUPO I - fonte de luz halógena utilizada pelos tempos de exposição de 20 e 40 segundos, para as espessuras de 0 (grupo controle); 1,2 mm; 1,5 mm e 2,0 mm de faceta de estrutura dental; GRUPO II - fonte de luz de laser de argônio utilizada pelos tempos de exposição de 20 e 40 segundos, para as espessuras de 0 (grupo controle); 1,2 mm; 1,5 mm e 2,0 mm de faceta de estrutura dental e GRUPO III - fonte de luz à base de LEDs utilizada pelos tempos de 20, 40 e 60 segundos, para as espessuras de 0 (grupo controle); 1,2 mm; 1,5 mm e 2,0 mm de faceta de estrutura dental. Após a confecção dos corpos-de-prova, estes foram armazenados em estufa a 37ºC durante 24 horas. Após o período de armazenamento, procedeu-se o teste de microdureza Vickers, realizando-se 12 impressões para a superfície de topo (voltada à fonte de luz) e 12 para a superfície de base (oposta à fonte de luz). Os dados foram submetidos à Análise Estatística de Variância (P<0,05). Os valores dos desvios padrão das medidas de microdureza foram menores do que 1% da média, indicando diferença estatisticamente significante entre quase todos os grupos. Baseados nos resultados encontrados, pudemos concluir que... . / The objective of this study was evaluate the light-curing capacity, throught dental structure, of three differents light-curing device (Halogen, Argon Laser and LEDs), by microhardness testing. The specimes were made in a circular metallic mold with a of orifice in the cental portion measuring 4 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness. The composite resin was used the Charisma (Heraeus-Kulzer) at collor A2. Five samples was made by situation analyzed, adding up one hundred and forty samples: GROUP I - halogen light-curing device by exposure times of 20 and 40 seconds for the thickness 0 (control group); 1,2 mm; 1,5 mm and 2,0 mm of the structure dental facet; GROUP II - argon laser light-curing device by exposure times of 20 and 40 seconds for the thickness 0 (control group); 1,2 mm; 1,5 mm and 2,0 mm of the structure dental facet and GROUP III - LEDs light-curing device by exposure times of 20, 40 and 60 seconds for the thickness 0 (control group); 1,2 mm; 1,5 mm and 2,0 mm of the dental structure facet. After the polymerization procedures the specimes were stored at room temperature of 37ºC for 24 hours. After the storing, the microhardness testing was made, take effecting 12 impressions for the top surface and 12 for the botton surface. The hardness values means obtained were calculed and the statistically analised using Anova (P<0,05). According to the results, it was conclude that: 1) highest the thickness of the dental estructure face, have been a decreasing of the means values of microhardness, independent of the light-cured device utilized; 2) highest exposure times provided higher values means of the microhardness, independent of the light-cured device utilized; 3) the top surface showed the highest means values of hardness, independent of the light-cured device utilized; 4) the halogen light-cured device raised suitable... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-10-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:51:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 carlo_hl_me_arafo.pdf: 663650 bytes, checksum: 1703d1cf829a007bfb4eb9e624207ea1 (MD5) / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a contração de polimerização linear e o grau de conversão de duas marcas comerciais de resinas compostas, com composições semelhantes, sendo uma de uso em dentes anteriores e posteriores (Filtek Z250) e outra para uso em dentes posteriores (Filtek P60). Também foi avaliado o efeito de diferentes fontes de luz nesse processo, utilizando-se para isso aparelho de luz halógena (Degulux - Degussa) e aparelho LED de alta intensidade (Ultrablue IS - DMC). Dessa forma, os materiais e fontes de luz foram divididos em quatro grupos: Grupo 1 - resina Filtek Z250 polimerizada com o aparelho de luz halógena (LH); Grupo 2 - resina Filtek Z250 polimerizada com aparelho LED (LED); Grupo 3 - resina Filtek P60 polimerizada com o aparelho de luz halógena (LH); Grupo 4 - resina Filtek P60 polimerizada com o aparelho LED (LED). A contração de polimerização foi medida com a inserção dos materiais em um anel plástico e a mensuração das alterações realizada por um instrumento eletrônico de medida linear com sensibilidade para 1 æm. O grau de conversão foi obtido através de teste de espectrometria no infravermelho por transformações de Fourier (FTIR), onde foram analisados os picos dentro das bandas de interesse nos valores de 1.646 cm-1 e 1.731 cm-1, correspondentes às ligações C=C alifática e C=O respectivamente. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise estatística de Variância e teste de Tukey (a = 0,05), os quais permitiram concluir que: a contração de polimerização de diferentes materiais (Filtek Z250 e Filtek P60) apresentou comportamento diferente mediante a mesma fonte luz (LED); o grau de conversão dos materiais apresentou-se estatisticamente semelhante em relação aos materiais e aparelhos fotopolimerizadores; o aparelho LED (Ultrablue IS) apresentou resultados de...