Thesis (M. D. S.)--University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [154-196]).

Thesis (M.A.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (May 20, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

published_or_final_version / Paediatric Dentistry / Master / Master of Dental Surgery

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-05-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:57:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 zavaglia_neto_r_me_arafo.pdf: 607892 bytes, checksum: ce4a2b46c52e9f11330e30627f4df2bc (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho busca avaliar na movimentação ortodôntica os efeitos de uma tecnologia chamada Ultra-Som de Baixa Intensidade, que produz alterações à nível celular nos tecidos aplicados, permitindo maximizar as respostas da remodelação óssea. As comprovações em animais já indicam a possibilidade de potencializar a movimentação ortodôntica, fazendo a aplicação durante 20 minutos diários. Para a avaliação com seres humanos, dez pacientes Classe II divisão 1 que necessitavam de extração dos primeiros pré-molares superiores foram selecionados. Após a extração e sequência dos arcos de alinhamento e nivelamento, foi realizada a retração parcial dos caninos superiores com molas de NiTi com força de 150 gramas. Neste dia os pacientes foram radiografados para a obtenção das telerradiografias 45º iniciais do lado direito e esquerdo. Após oito semanas de aplicação diária do Ultra-Som no lado sorteado, os pacientes foram novamente radiografados e obtivemos as telerradiografias 45º finais do lado direito e esquerdo. A partir disso, cefalogramas das telerradiografias iniciais e finais foram gerados e avaliados em um programa de cefalometria computadorizado. Tivemos variáveis que avaliaram angulação, deslocamento horizontal e vertical do lado que recebeu ultra-som (LUS) e do lado controle (LC). Após análise estatística, onde testes t de Student foram aplicados, percebemos a tendência dos caninos que receberam a aplicação do ultra-som de baixa intensidade, movimentar mais que os do lado controle. Outro aspecto foi ótimo controle de ancoragem que conseguimos com a força de 150 gramas de força e do uso da barra palatina. / The aim of this research is to evaluate the effects in orthodontic movement of the Low Intensity Ultrasond technology, which produces alterations on cellular level in the applied tissues, allowing the maximization of the bone remodeling response. Experimental studies in animals have already indicated the possibility to potencialize the orthodontic movement with twenty minutes daily ultrasound application. In order to evaluate its effect on human beings, ten Class II division 1 patients with the need of upper first premolars extraction were selected. After the upper premolars extraction and leveling and alignment of the archs, an upper canine partial retraction was obtained with NiTi coil spring delivering a force of 150g. Immediately after the installation of the springs, right and left 45º cephalometric radiographs were taken. After 8 weeks of daily application of ultrasound on the selected side, the final right and left 45º cephalometric radiographs were obtained. Then, initial and final cephalograms were traced and evaluated by a cephalometric software. We evaluated angulation and horizontal and vertical dislocation variables of either the ultrasound side (USS) or the control side (CS). After statistic analysis in a wich a t Student test was performed, we observed the tendency of increased movement of the experimental canines when compared to the control ones. Another important aspect was the good anchorage control obtained by the transpalatal arch use when a 150g force was applied.

Orientador: Tatsuko Sakima / Banca: Dirceu Barnabé Raveli / Banca: Ana Cláudi Moreira Melo / Resumo: Este trabalho busca avaliar na movimentação ortodôntica os efeitos de uma tecnologia chamada Ultra-Som de Baixa Intensidade, que produz alterações à nível celular nos tecidos aplicados, permitindo maximizar as respostas da remodelação óssea. As comprovações em animais já indicam a possibilidade de potencializar a movimentação ortodôntica, fazendo a aplicação durante 20 minutos diários. Para a avaliação com seres humanos, dez pacientes Classe II divisão 1 que necessitavam de extração dos primeiros pré-molares superiores foram selecionados. Após a extração e sequência dos arcos de alinhamento e nivelamento, foi realizada a retração parcial dos caninos superiores com molas de NiTi com força de 150 gramas. Neste dia os pacientes foram radiografados para a obtenção das telerradiografias 45º iniciais do lado direito e esquerdo. Após oito semanas de aplicação diária do Ultra-Som no lado sorteado, os pacientes foram novamente radiografados e obtivemos as telerradiografias 45º finais do lado direito e esquerdo. A partir disso, cefalogramas das telerradiografias iniciais e finais foram gerados e avaliados em um programa de cefalometria computadorizado. Tivemos variáveis que avaliaram angulação, deslocamento horizontal e vertical do lado que recebeu ultra-som (LUS) e do lado controle (LC). Após análise estatística, onde testes t de Student foram aplicados, percebemos a tendência dos caninos que receberam a aplicação do ultra-som de baixa intensidade, movimentar mais que os do lado controle. Outro aspecto foi ótimo controle de ancoragem que conseguimos com a força de 150 gramas de força e do uso da barra palatina. / Abstract: The aim of this research is to evaluate the effects in orthodontic movement of the Low Intensity Ultrasond technology, which produces alterations on cellular level in the applied tissues, allowing the maximization of the bone remodeling response. Experimental studies in animals have already indicated the possibility to potencialize the orthodontic movement with twenty minutes daily ultrasound application. In order to evaluate its effect on human beings, ten Class II division 1 patients with the need of upper first premolars extraction were selected. After the upper premolars extraction and leveling and alignment of the archs, an upper canine partial retraction was obtained with NiTi coil spring delivering a force of 150g. Immediately after the installation of the springs, right and left 45º cephalometric radiographs were taken. After 8 weeks of daily application of ultrasound on the selected side, the final right and left 45º cephalometric radiographs were obtained. Then, initial and final cephalograms were traced and evaluated by a cephalometric software. We evaluated angulation and horizontal and vertical dislocation variables of either the ultrasound side (USS) or the control side (CS). After statistic analysis in a wich a t Student test was performed, we observed the tendency of increased movement of the experimental canines when compared to the control ones. Another important aspect was the good anchorage control obtained by the transpalatal arch use when a 150g force was applied. / Mestre

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Quantification of treatment outcomes (tooth displacement and bony changes) is the key to advance orthodontic research and improve clinical practices. Traditionally, treatment outcome were quantified by using two-dimensional (2D) cephalometric analysis. However, there are problems inherent in 2D analysis, such as tracing errors and inability to detect side-effects. Thus, a reliable three-dimensional (3D) image analysis method for treatment outcome quantification is of high interest. Systematic 3D image analysis methods were developed for digital dental cast models and Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) models. A typical analysis procedure includes image reconstruction, landmarks identification, coordinate system setup, superimposition, and displacement or change calculation. The specified procedures for maxillary teeth displacements and anatomical landmarks movements were presented and validated. The validation results showed that these procedures were accurate and reliable enough for clinical applications. The 3D methods were first applied to a human canine retraction clinical study. The purposes of this study were to quantify canines and anchorage tooth movements, and to compare two commonly used canine retraction strategies, controlled tipping and translation. The canine results showed that (1) canine movements were linear with time; (2) the initial load system was not the only factor that controlled the canine movement pattern; and (3) control tipping was significantly faster than translation. The anchorage tooth results showed that (1) anchorage losses occurred even with transpalatal arch (TPA); (2) there was no significant difference in anchorage loss between the two treatment strategies; and (3) compared with removable TPA, fixed TPA appliance can significantly reduce the amount of anchorage loss in the mesial-distal direction. The second clinical application for the 3D methods was a mandibular growth clinical trial. The purposes of this study were to quantify skeletal landmark movements, and compare two widely used appliances, Herbst and MARA. The results showed that (1) the Herbst appliance caused mandibular forward movement with backward rotation; and (2) the treatment effects had no significant differences by using either Herbst or MARA appliances. The two clinical applications validated the methods developed in this study to quantify orthodontic treatment outcomes. They also demonstrated the benefits of using the 3D methods to quantify orthodontic treatment outcomes and to test fundamental hypotheses. These 3D methods can easily be extended to other clinical cases. This study will benefit orthodontic patients, clinicians and researchers.