Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Santa Cruz, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 167-174).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1923. / Vita. Published also as Studies in history, economics, and public law, v. 108, no. 1, whole no. 243.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Rochester, 1994. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 139-144).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 1933. / Published also without thesis note. Studies dealing with various countries since 1860. "Sources and evaluation of data": 7-10. Bibliography: p. 153.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of St Andrews, May 2010.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in electronic version.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Georgia State University, 2006. / Stephen D. Smith, committee chair; Jason Greene, James Owens, Alok Srivastava, committee members. Electronic text (132 p. : ill. (some co.)) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed July 12, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-97).

In spite of the widely perceived importance of suspended particulate material (SPM) , its distribution in the shelf seas and the processes controlling its variation are little known. This thesis reports an exploratory study of the spatial and time dependant variability of SPM in an area of the northern Irish Sea. SPM was determined both directly by gravimetric methods and via measurements of beam attenuation (c). Spatial distributions were determined from grid surveys using a profiling transmissometer. In addition a six month record of beam attenuation and current velocity was obtained from a site off the north coast of Anglesey. A clear spatial pattern in the surface distribution of c was observed which was similar to the distribution of h/ta, suggesting that concentrations of SPM are determined by the availability of TKE from tidal stirring. A strong seasonal cycle of c was observed in mixed water, with values decreasing in June, July and August which suggested a reduction in the supply of SPM during summer. In stratified water, high concentrations of SPM remained confined to the dense layer below the thermocline. The seasonal cycle was observed in the time series from the mooring, but in addition there was a marked response to tidal currents in the spring and in autumn. Close analysis of the record in April and May-showed signals at M% and M4frequencies. These variations in c were attributed to a local response to tidal currents causing erosion of the sea-bed and to the oscillation of a horizontal gradient in c in the region. A regression model was found to explain 35% of the variance in data from a5 week time series. 70% of the variance was explained for four day time series, near spring tides. The relationship between c and tidal flows was more marked at spring tides than at neaps.

The objective of this study is to understand the dynamics of international monetary policy and the relationship that exists between larger more developed economies and smaller less developed economies within a policy context. The 2008 financial crisis has caused intense revival of Austrian economics due to the monetary nature of the recession caused as a subsequent effect of the stock/housing market collapse that occurred in 2007. One factor of the 2008 financial crisis that created intense concern was the extent to which the slowdown in economic activity was able to be transmitted across international borders. The South African economy was not isolated from the financial crisis by any means and experienced a significant slowdown in economic growth. By making use of data collected from the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis and the appropriate econometric techniques, a model is developed to study the dynamics between United States monetary policy and the South African economy. The Austrian School provides a sound theoretical framework that allows for the specification of testable propositions to verify the validity of an “Austrian” internationally transmitted business cycle. Using United States money supply, South African private consumption, South African gross fixed capital formation and the South African current account, a vector autoregressive model is specified to analyse the dynamics behind the United States and South African economy. The results of the empirical test all confirm the theoretical prescriptions developed in the literature review that monetary growth in the United States raise consumption, investment and improve the current account balance in the South African economy. This is a novel result for this study as it confirms that a large central economy has the ability to trigger economic expansions in a peripheral economy. This study further points out the inefficiencies associated with Keynesian style policy making and propagates for a movement towards a more prudent Austrian approach. Keynesian policy making through demand oriented policies have historically been more concerned with “curing” economic instability rather than preventing it. In light of this, the need for economic reform specifically within the manner in which monetary policy is conducted is evident. Aggressive monetary policy in the wake of economic slowdown is no longer effective at creating a sustainable and stable economic environment. A movement away from the monopolization of money and central economic decision making is necessary if the global economy wishes to reach economic permanence.

Ce travail concerne l’étude du comportement des interfaces dans le cas de pieux chargés axialement pour un très grand nombre de cycles. Les principaux points abordés sont relatifs au développement d’une part d’une loi de comportement comprenant un mécanisme d’écrouissage cinématique non linéaire permettant de prendre en compte les chargements cycliques et d’autre part d’une méthode de « sauts de cycles » donnant la possibilité de réaliser des économies de temps de calcul conséquents par rapport à une méthode cycle à cycle. Le travail s’articule autour de 4 chapitres. Le premier chapitre comprend une synthèse bibliographique relative à la prise en compte des chargements cycliques en géotechnique. Les essais de laboratoire permettant d’étudier les phénomènes liés aux chargements cycliques ainsi que les principales méthodes de calcul sont décrits. Le second chapitre aborde le domaine des lois de comportements adaptées à la prise en compte de chargements cycliques. Différentes manières de considérer le problème sont présentées (modèle de Ramber-Osgood, modèle de Mroz, modèle à écrouissage cinématique non linéaire). Une loi de comportement particulière Modjoin (Shahrour, 1997) est présentée. Des évolutions y sont apportées afin notamment de diminuer les phénomènes de rochet et de pouvoir analyser le comportement de structures pour des très grands nombres de cycles de charge et décharge (n>103). Une étude de l’ensemble de ses potentialités est réalisée à la fin du chapitre. Le troisième chapitre présente deux exemples d’utilisation de cette loi. Il s’agit d’une part de vérifier si la loi est correctement implémentée et permet de modéliser plusieurs milliers de cycles de charge et de décharge et d’autre part d’analyser le comportement des deux exemples traités au cours des cycles. Le quatrième chapitre comporte la présentation d’une méthode de « sauts de cycles ». Cette méthode permet de déterminer le comportement de la structure à un cycle donné sans pour autant calculer tous les cycles précédents. Les cycles sont « sautés » sur la base d’une extrapolation des déformations plastiques qui sont injectées dans le modèle sous forme de forces nodales. L’extrapolation repose sur un développement limité au second ordre et pour une des variantes de la méthode sur une régression des moindres carrés. Divers développements permettant des gains de temps sont aussi présentés. / This thesis deals with a numerical analysis of structure-soil interface under the cyclic loading by finite different method. The principal of this work relates to the development of a constitutive law, including the nonlinear kinematic hardening which allows to simulate the behavior of structure under the cyclic loading. Instead of using a method calculation cycle by cycle, we develop a method called « Cycles Skipped », which gives the possibility to reduce the computation time of the simulation. The thesis is organized as follow: The first chapter discusses about the synthesis bibliography of cyclic loading in geotechnical engineering. Based on the laboratory tests, some experimental observations are presented and analyzed in this chapter. Besides, the principal existed methods are presented to describe the behavior of elementary soil or interface under cyclic loading. The second chapter; from the laboratory and in-situ observations, the different models are presented to describe the behavior of structure under cyclic loading. Particularly, a cyclic constitutive law « Modjoin » in elastoplasticity model (Shahrour, 1997) is proposed and improved to decrease the ratchet phenomenon of cyclic loading for analyzing the behavior of structure under a very large number of cyclic loading (n>103). A deep study of its potential is realized and some numerical applications are presented in this chapter. The third chapter proposes a Modjoin modeling, which involves the validity of this model and the analysis of the behavior of structure under cycles load. Two modelings with thousand cycle loads are carried out to verify that the law is correctly implanted in finite difference code. The fourth chapter concerns about the development of a method « cycles skipped » which allows to estimate the structure behavior under a large number of loading cycles without calculating cycle by cycle. This method based on an extrapolation of plastic deformation which is injected into the model as the nodal forces. The extrapolation of plastic deformation consists of Taylor’s expansion and least squares regression. Finally, some calculations are performed and a comparison of results observed between different methods will be presented.