Face à la forte croissance démographique et spatiale de la ville d'Abomey-Calavi, l'augmentation qualitative et quantitative des déchets solides ménagers, la pratique de plus en plus généralisée du remblai des bas fonds par les déchets solides ménagers, l'inexistence des décharges intermédiaires et finales autorisées et, la fragilité de la nappe phréatique de par sa faible profondeur, il est impérieux que les actions idoines soient entreprises en vue d'une gestion efficace et pérenne des DSM de cette ville. L'objectif de cette étude a été, donc, de proposer une filière efficace et pérenne de gestion des déchets solides ménagers de la ville d'Abomey-Calavi afin de contribuer à la réduction des flux de ses déchets.La connaissance du gisement des déchets solides ménagers, dans son approche sociologique et qualitative en termes de composition étant la première étape dans la mise en oeuvre efficace d'une filière de gestion des déchets. Une enquête sociologique a été faite auprès de 200 personnes, actrices à différents niveaux de la gestion des DSM de la ville d'Abomey-Calavi. De même, le présent travail a, d'une part procédé à une caractérisation des déchets solides ménagers en fonction du standing et de la saison, d'autre part étudié l'impact des déchets solides ménagers sur les eaux des puits situés sur les bas fonds et, enfin s'en est suivi des essais de fabrication de compost en fonction des différents constituants. Nos résultats ont révélé qu'indépendamment du standing de vie, les quantités de déchets solides ménagers produits sont plus élevées les week-ends et particulièrement, le dimanche où elles sont le double des quantités produites les autres jours de la semaine. / Considering the, (i) high population and spatial growth of the Abomey-Calavi city (Benin), (ii) qualitative and quantitative increase of the household solid waste in the town of Abomey - Calavi, (iii) a more and more generalized practice of embankment of wet zones by household solid waste (HSW), (iv) non-existence of municipal landfills and, (v) fragility of the groundwater due to its weak depth, it's necessary that appropriate actions are achieved with the aim of an effective and long-term management of the household solid waste. The aim of this study was to propose an effective and long-term plan of management of Abomey-Calavi HSW. Knowledge of household-solid-waste quality and sociological point of view are the first step in an effective implementation of waste management spinneret. A sociological investigation was made with 200 persons, dealing on various levels with solid wastes in the Abomey-Calavi city. Also, the present study has, on one hand, characterized HSW according to standing of life and season, on the other hand, has investigated the impact of the HSW on waters of wells located in waste-impacted zones and, finally carried out tests of composting taking in account various compositions. Our results revealed that whatever the standing of life, the production of household solid wastes is more important during weekends and specially, on Sundays: twice more larger than those produced the other days of the week. About 0.89 kg of HSW per capita is produced on average every day. The management of HSW in Abomey - Calavi city, which can be termed pre-collection-based, is felt as bad by 80 % of HSW-careers and 50 % of the town council investigated employees.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-04-06T21:19:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ABÍLIO JOSÉ PROCÓPIO QUEIROZ - DISSERTAÇÃO PPG-CEMat 2014..pdf: 5068589 bytes, checksum: 8bb50d0449bc510a3c3f1cd6c496edd3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-06T21:19:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ABÍLIO JOSÉ PROCÓPIO QUEIROZ - DISSERTAÇÃO PPG-CEMat 2014..pdf: 5068589 bytes, checksum: 8bb50d0449bc510a3c3f1cd6c496edd3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-27 / O gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos urbanos, atualmente feito de forma errônea na maior parte das cidades brasileiras, acelerando a degradação do meio ambiente, e a busca por fontes alternativas de energia, para suprimento da crescente demanda, são problemáticas atualmente discutidas e que precisam de soluções urgentes. Este estudo identifica características físicoquímicas de RSU, depositados em biorreator que simula as condições de um aterro sanitário, e avalia a possibilidade de utilização de um material que ainda é descartado como combustível para geração de energia. O objetivo geral foi avaliar a degradação e o poder calorífico de resíduos sólidos urbanos. As amostras analisadas por FTIR, DRX, TG e DSC foram coletadas em lisímetro construído na Universidade Federal de Campina Grande e preenchido de RSU previamente caracterizados. Os ensaios de FTIR indicaram a predominância orgânica dos materiais presentes nas amostras de RSU. Pelos difratogramas de raios-X o principal pico e comum a todas amostras foi de quartzo, justificando a presença do solo de recobrimento das amostras. As amostras de RSU apresentaram baixa estabilidade térmica, ocorrendo degradação entre a temperatura ambiente e 1000 ºC, sendo visível e aceitável afirmar que ocorrem em cinco etapas de perda associadas à volatilização dos solventes (água e álcoois), à queima de celulose, borracha natural, matéria orgânica putrescível e materiais plásticos, bem como dos óxidos formados durante o processo. Pelas curvas DSC foram identificadas uma reação endotérmica, associada à primeira perda de massa, e quatro reações, duas endotérmicas e duas exotérmicas, ligadas às perdas da degradação dos componentes orgânicos. Os 348.402 kg/dia de RSU produzidos em Campina Grande, amostrados pela massa do biorreator, possuem um poder calorífico médio de 3.744,86 kcal/kg e poderiam ser gerados 1.518.551,40 kW.h/dia de energia térmica ou 303.710,28 kW.h/dia de energia elétrica, com eficiência de conversão de 20%. / The management of municipal solid waste, currently done wrongly in most Brazilian cities, accelerating the degradation of the environment, and the search for alternative energy sources to supply the growing demand, are currently discussed and problems that need solutions urgent. This study identifies physical and chemical characteristics of MSW deposited in bioreactor that simulates the conditions of a landfill site, and evaluates the possibility of using a material that is still dismissed as fuel for power generation. The overall objective was to evaluate the degradation and the calorific value of municipal solid waste. The samples analyzed by FTIR, XRD, TG and DSC were collected in lysimeter constructed at the Federal University of Campina Grande and filled MSW previously characterized. FTIR tests indicated a predominance of the organic materials present in samples of MSW. By X-ray diffraction main peak and common to all samples was quartz, which explains the presence of the soil cover of the samples. MSW samples had poor thermal stability, degradation occurring between room temperature and 1000 ºC, being visible and acceptable state that occurs in five steps loss associated volatilization of the solvents (water and alcohol), the combustion of cellulose, natural rubber, putrescible organic matter and plastics, as well as the oxides formed during the process. DSC curves for an endothermic reaction associated with the first weight loss and four reactions, two endothermic and exothermic two linked to the loss of the degradation of the organic components have been identified. The 348,402 kg/day of USW produced in Campina Grande, sampled by mass of the bioreactor have an average calorific value of 3,744.86 kcal/kg, and could be generated 1,518,551.40 kW.h/day of thermal energy or 303,710. 28 kW.h/day of electricity, with conversion efficiency of 20%.