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Class of 2017 Abstract / Objectives: To explore the available literature for information on the types of medication errors committed in community pharmacies, the rate of occurrence, and potential causation of those errors. Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed for articles dating from 1995-present concerning medication errors committed in community pharmacies. A total of eight studies were used in the evaluation. Results: Error types identified in the literature include content errors, labeling errors, near errors, clinically significant errors, and any other deviation from the prescriber's original order. Each study had its own individual error rate. Combining all studies reviewed, the overall average error rate was 2.2% (516 errors out of 23,455 prescriptions total). Proposed causation of medication dispensing errors include low lighting levels, high sound levels, the use of manual prescription inspection alone, pharmacy design, problems with efficiency, the use of drive through pick up windows, errors in communication, high prescription volume, high pharmacist workload, inadequate pharmacy staffing, and the use of dispensing software programs that provide alerts and clinical information. Conclusions: The available literature proposes that medication-dispensing errors in community pharmacies continue to be a frequent issue. Error types include content, labeling, clinically significant, near errors, and any other deviation from the prescriber's original order. Of the observed errors, labeling was most frequent. The data indicated low lighting, amplified noise, and sociotechnical factors could contribute to error frequency. Future studies are required to focus on other potential causes of dispensing errors and how to minimize rate of occurrence.

Class of 2017 Abstract / Objectives: A chart will be used to assess the need for the asthma education program. The chart review aims to: analyze the refill history of asthma medications along with verifying adherence via electronic health record and assess if patients are getting appropriate asthma therapy per 2007 NHLBI asthma guidelines. Methods: The patient’s MHC Healthcare electronic record profile and pharmacy refill record will be accessed. The information that will be obtained from the electronic health record will be: ethnicity, age, sex, allergic rhinitis diagnosis, flu vaccine status, pneumonia vaccine status, GERD diagnosis, spirometry measure if available, use of prednisone for exacerbation, prescribed asthma therapy, and provider’s (MD, NP, PA, etc)’s notes that might indicate nonadherence. The information that will be obtained from the pharmacy record are controller and rescue medication refill history. The information will be recorded in paper data collection forms and electronic versions will be saved to the secure college of pharmacy workgroup. The raw physical information described above will be stored in a locked cabinet at MHC healthcare pharmacy inside the pharmacy director’s office and the de-identified information will be stored in the secure workgroup. Results: Conclusions:

Class of 2009 Abstract / OBJECTIVES: To evaluate patients’ perceptions of receiving a pharmacist-administered influenza vaccine in the community pharmacy setting. METHODS: All patients receiving a pharmacist-administered influenza vaccine at a Safeway Pharmacy in Tucson, Arizona were invited to participate in the survey. Participants completed the survey in a waiting area outside the pharmacy. At the completion of the study time frame, surveys were collected, and each response was entered into an Excel spreadsheet for data analysis. RESULTS: Seventy-five patients completed the Flu Shot Survey. One hundred percent of patients reported that getting the influenza vaccine at a grocery store pharmacy is convenient. Respondents reported being either very confident (97.3%) or somewhat confident (2.7%) in pharmacists as immunizers. Only 18.7% reported having never received an influenza vaccine from a pharmacist, and 13.3% reported having no prior knowledge that Arizona pharmacists could administer the influenza vaccine. CONCLUSIONS: All patients responded that receiving the influenza vaccine from a community pharmacist was convenient. Patients wanted to receive the vaccine next year from a pharmacist, and the majority of respondents were confident in the pharmacist as an immunizer. Few patients reported never receiving the influenza vaccine from a community pharmacist, and even fewer patients were unaware that pharmacists in Arizona can immunize.

The tendency for an increasing number of people to live, work, and play in metropolitan areas is perhaps the most distinguishing mark of the United States in the twentieth century. In 1961 the term, "Megalopolis," was used to describe the merging of thirty-one metropolitan areas into one supermetropolis extending in an unbroken urban chain from 'Boston to Washington, D. C.1 Other areas of the country, most notably around the Great Lakes and Los Angeles, also display similar tendencies. The purpose of this paper is, first, to operationally define "megalopolis" and, then to utilize this definition in determining the extent of megalopolitan development in the Dallas and Fort Worth Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA's).

Throughout the United States, colleges and universities are faced with an increasing need for financial funding, while at the same time resources continue to diminish. With the limitations of available funds, community colleges must exhibit efficiencies in the operations of their institutions. External interests, such as governing boards and legislatures, require demonstration of efficient financial management. This evidence is then used to make decisions concerning future financial support for the community college. This study determined if community college chief executive officers use financial performance indicators as provided by the State Auditor's Office and if the chief executive officers of the community colleges value the compilation and the distribution of the financial performance indicators. In the selected colleges, many of the chief executive officers depend on their chief financial officer for understanding and application of financial performance indicators. The performance indicators distributed by the Auditor's Office captured only a snapshot of the college's performance, and failed to fully describe the whole college performance or specific financial events captured by the indicators. Though the indicators had flaws, either through incorrect data or lack of explanation, the CEOs did value their compilation because they provided a means for ‘getting the community college story' to decision makers external to the college.The State Auditor's performance indicators were developed using a university model. Because of the distinct difference in mission between the community college and the university, several of the indicators were not applicable to the community colleges. The CEOs suggested that another set of indicators be developed, using community college input, that would better capture the financial performance of the colleges. The new set of indicators should be simplified and measure only those areas, such as revenues and expenditures, that are truly comparable from one institution to another.

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<p> The purpose of this study was to survey the levels of job satisfaction among full-time faculty members at a selected Mississippi community college using the constructs of Herzberg&rsquo;s Motivation-Hygiene Theory as defined by Wood (1973). The researcher used Wood&rsquo;s 1976 refined Faculty Job Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction Scale to discover the participants&rsquo; levels of total job satisfaction; to discover the participants&rsquo; levels of overall job satisfaction; to compare the means of total job satisfaction factors to the mean of total job satisfaction; and to examine the correlation of the faculty&rsquo;s mean responses to the total job satisfaction individual questions to the mean of the overall job satisfaction. The target population of this study was all full-time faculty at a Mississippi community college. The population consisted of 152 full-time faculty members. The findings of the survey indicated that the 85 participants were moderately satisfied with their jobs. The survey was designed to incorporate 2 treatments to ask the respondents to answer questions about job satisfaction. The participants chose a higher value on the Likert scale when asked the single question relating to overall job satisfaction. When the information was broken down into factors, the participants rated their job satisfaction lower. The Wilcoxon results stated the 2 treatments were significant at alpha level .05, and the null hypothesis was rejected, meaning there was a difference in the responses with two treatments of surveying respondents.</p>

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Geography / Lisa M. Butler Harrington / This research examines the intersections of sexuality and gender identity and how differing socio-cultural networks are important to how we can begin to address multiple issues affecting rural America. The overarching question of the research was: How do sexuality and gender identity minorities living in rural areas experience or perceive where they live and the community networks that they navigate? Subtopics included the factors that contribute to an LGBT individual living in the Flint Hills, whether individual sexual and gender identities and perception affect concepts of location and community, and how one’s sexuality or gender identity affects the lived experience in a rural region. A multi-disciplinary approach based on Geography and LGBT Studies, using interviews and surveys of distinctive rural populations in the Flint Hills of Kansas, was applied. Five focus groups and 31 individual interviews yielded information about LGBT community concerns in the Flint Hills. A broader region was represented through an electronic survey which accessed a large population anonymously through a variety of social networking sites. The survey yielded 119 complete responses. Discrimination was a concern and sense of community was important. Many individuals acknowledged that they had a system of navigation of rural environments: where to go, to whom to speak openly, how to blend in to the larger population. Despite fears that were expressed, there was a sense of resilience among participants related to living in a relatively rural region. A sense of queer community and an acknowledgement of a rural community were important. Community connections are a major factor contributing to the individual’s lived experience and perception of the Flint Hills. For most of the participants, identity as a rural LGBT person or as part of the (relatively) rural queer community is important. There is a strong affinity to what individuals view as rural, and they view rural as being different from urban landscapes and communities.