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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Investigations into the feasibility of single-stranded oligonucleotide-mediated targeted gene repair in mammalian cells /

Lu, Linyu. January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Also available online.
2

Investigations into the feasibility of single-stranded oligonucleotide-mediated targeted gene repair in mammalian cells

Lu, Linyu. January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.
3

Molecular pathology of the hMSH2 mutator gene and its transcripts in patients with colorectal cancer in the west of Scotland

Davoodi-Semiromi, Abdoreza January 1997 (has links)
No description available.
4

Characterization of global transcriptional responses and DNA repair following aflatoxin B₁ treatment in Saccharomyces cerevisiae /

Guo, Yingying. January 2004 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2004. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-96).
5

Targeted gene repair of frameshift mutations insights into the mechanism and applications for gene therapy /

Maguire, Katie K. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Delaware, 2007. / Principal faculty advisor: Eric B. Kmiec, Dept. of Biological Sciences. Includes bibliographical references.
6

A redução de DDB2 está relacionada ao pior prognóstico de sobrevida dos pacientes com glioma e a maior agressividade de células U138MG / DDB2 downregulation is related with worse survival prognosis of glioma patients and higher aggressiveness of U138MG cells

Sousa, Juliana Ferreira de 23 April 2018 (has links)
Os astrocitomas são os tumores cerebrais primários mais frequentes, dentre os quais, o glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) é o tipo mais agressivo, sendo classificado como astrocitoma de grau IV. O tratamento envolve remoção cirúrgica seguida de quimio e radioterapias, porém essa abordagem não é eficaz devido à alta resistência das células tumorais. Em um trabalho anterior, buscando caracterizar os mecanismos associados à esta característica, investigamos a expressão de genes de reparo de DNA em astrocitomas de diferentes graus. Foram encontradas alterações em 19 genes. Através da combinação destas alterações em todos os arranjos possíveis, definimos um grande conjunto de assinaturas de expressão gênica que foi utilizado como filtro para a busca de correlação em bancos de dados públicos. No total, 421 assinaturas foram associadas à redução na sobrevida dos pacientes, sendo que cinco dos genes (EXO1, NEIL3, BRCA2, BRIP1 e DDB2) foram isoladamente relacionados ao pior prognóstico. Notavelmente, DDB2 foi o único gene subexpresso a apresentar esta correlação, levando a um risco de morte aproximadamente três vezes maior. No presente estudo in vitro, após radiação ionizante, observamos que células com baixos níveis de DDB2 reparam mais rapidamente as quebras induzidas no DNA, saem mais facilmente da parada de ciclo na fase G2/M e se tornam ainda mais resistentes a este tratamento. Além disso, o silenciamento de DDB2 induziu o aumento dos níveis de Zeb1, um importante promotor da transição epitélio-mesênquima, bem como dos índices de invasão e migração celular. Estes dados mostram que a redução nos níveis de DDB2 induz um fenótipo mais agressivo, corroborando a correlação com pior prognóstico dos pacientes observado anteriormente. Tomados em conjunto, esses resultados sugerem que a função de DDB2 não está limitada ao âmbito do reparo de DNA, apontam uma potencial relação com o controle da transição epitélio-mesênquima e mostram que este gene possui papel fundamental no estabelecimento da agressividade e resistência de GBM. / Astrocytomas are the most common primary brain tumors. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive type and is classified as grade IV astrocytoma. The treatment involves surgical resection followed by chemo and radiotherapies, however this approach is not effective due to the high resistance of tumor cells. In a previous work, to characterize the cellular mechanisms associated to this characteristic, we investigated the expression of DNA repair genes in samples of different astrocytoma grades. We found alterations in 19 genes. By combining these expression changes in all possible arrangements, a large set of gene expression signatures was defined and used as a filter to seek correlations in public databases. As a result, 421 signatures were associated with reduced patient survival. Among them, five genes (EXO1, NEIL3, BRCA2, BRIP1 and DDB2) were individually related to worse prognosis. Notably, DDB2 was the only down regulated gene to exhibit this correlation, making the risk of death approximately three times higher. In the present in vitro study, after ionizing radiation, we observed that cells with low levels of DDB2 are capable of faster DNA breaks repair, easily exit the G2/M arrest and become even more resistant to this treatment. Furthermore, DDB2 silencing enhanced the levels of Zeb1, an important promoter of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, as well as the rates of cell invasion and migration. These data indicate that DDB2 knockdown leads to a more aggressive cell behavior, corroborating the association with worse prognosis previously observed. Taken together, these results suggest that DDB2 function is not limited to DNA repair, they point out its potential participation in epithelial-mesenchymal transition control and show that this gene might play a key role in GBM\'s aggressiveness and resistance.
7

DNA Repair Genes in Relation to Cancer Risk and Prognosis for Oral Cancer

Hsu, Chia-Wei 30 August 2005 (has links)
DNA repair systems are indispensable for maintaining genomic integrity. Inherited polymorphisms of DNA repair systems related repair genes may contribute to individual variations in genetic susceptibility to oral cancer. We carried out a hospital-based case-control study to investigate the association of eight various polymorphisms in five DNA repair genes (XRCC1, XPA, XPC hMLH1 and XRCC3) with the risk for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A total of 144 newly diagnosed OSCC and 215 frequency-matched controls were recruited between November 2003 and October 2004 at Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital. Genotyping was performed using the PCR-RFLP techniques. In our results, we found that the XPA A23G polymorphism was strongly associated with OSCC risk (p for linear trend, 0.030) especially combined with XPC (p for linear trend, 0.026). Moreover a trend toward increased risk of OSCC was found when with the increasing putative high-risk genotypes of DNA repair genes (p for linear trend, 0.007). Therefore, we suggested that these polymorphisms in five repair genes were associated with the risk of OSCC. Furthermore, to investigate the prognosis of buccal carcinoma (BC), the most common site of oral cancer in Taiwan, we identified the protein expressions of XRCC1 and XPA and evaluated the relationship between expression level of proteins with clinicopathologic characteristics and survival outcome. A total of 138 primary BC specimens were recruited at KSVGH between 1994 and 2005 and the protein expression levels were identified by use of immunocytochemistry. The overall cumulative 5-years survival rate, 10-years survival rate and 12-years survival rate of BC patients were 66%, 55% and 44%, respectively. Survival curve of BC was significantly correlated with pathological stage, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, tumor differentiation, post-operative RT or CT. However, there were no significant differences between the survival curves of BC patients and the expression levels of XRCC1 and XPA, either in the univariate or the multivariate analysis. In conclusion, the combined effect of seven polymorphisms in five repair genes was associated with the risk of OSCC. However, the expression levels of XRCC1 and XPA were not associated with the survival for patients with BC.
8

A redução de DDB2 está relacionada ao pior prognóstico de sobrevida dos pacientes com glioma e a maior agressividade de células U138MG / DDB2 downregulation is related with worse survival prognosis of glioma patients and higher aggressiveness of U138MG cells

Juliana Ferreira de Sousa 23 April 2018 (has links)
Os astrocitomas são os tumores cerebrais primários mais frequentes, dentre os quais, o glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) é o tipo mais agressivo, sendo classificado como astrocitoma de grau IV. O tratamento envolve remoção cirúrgica seguida de quimio e radioterapias, porém essa abordagem não é eficaz devido à alta resistência das células tumorais. Em um trabalho anterior, buscando caracterizar os mecanismos associados à esta característica, investigamos a expressão de genes de reparo de DNA em astrocitomas de diferentes graus. Foram encontradas alterações em 19 genes. Através da combinação destas alterações em todos os arranjos possíveis, definimos um grande conjunto de assinaturas de expressão gênica que foi utilizado como filtro para a busca de correlação em bancos de dados públicos. No total, 421 assinaturas foram associadas à redução na sobrevida dos pacientes, sendo que cinco dos genes (EXO1, NEIL3, BRCA2, BRIP1 e DDB2) foram isoladamente relacionados ao pior prognóstico. Notavelmente, DDB2 foi o único gene subexpresso a apresentar esta correlação, levando a um risco de morte aproximadamente três vezes maior. No presente estudo in vitro, após radiação ionizante, observamos que células com baixos níveis de DDB2 reparam mais rapidamente as quebras induzidas no DNA, saem mais facilmente da parada de ciclo na fase G2/M e se tornam ainda mais resistentes a este tratamento. Além disso, o silenciamento de DDB2 induziu o aumento dos níveis de Zeb1, um importante promotor da transição epitélio-mesênquima, bem como dos índices de invasão e migração celular. Estes dados mostram que a redução nos níveis de DDB2 induz um fenótipo mais agressivo, corroborando a correlação com pior prognóstico dos pacientes observado anteriormente. Tomados em conjunto, esses resultados sugerem que a função de DDB2 não está limitada ao âmbito do reparo de DNA, apontam uma potencial relação com o controle da transição epitélio-mesênquima e mostram que este gene possui papel fundamental no estabelecimento da agressividade e resistência de GBM. / Astrocytomas are the most common primary brain tumors. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive type and is classified as grade IV astrocytoma. The treatment involves surgical resection followed by chemo and radiotherapies, however this approach is not effective due to the high resistance of tumor cells. In a previous work, to characterize the cellular mechanisms associated to this characteristic, we investigated the expression of DNA repair genes in samples of different astrocytoma grades. We found alterations in 19 genes. By combining these expression changes in all possible arrangements, a large set of gene expression signatures was defined and used as a filter to seek correlations in public databases. As a result, 421 signatures were associated with reduced patient survival. Among them, five genes (EXO1, NEIL3, BRCA2, BRIP1 and DDB2) were individually related to worse prognosis. Notably, DDB2 was the only down regulated gene to exhibit this correlation, making the risk of death approximately three times higher. In the present in vitro study, after ionizing radiation, we observed that cells with low levels of DDB2 are capable of faster DNA breaks repair, easily exit the G2/M arrest and become even more resistant to this treatment. Furthermore, DDB2 silencing enhanced the levels of Zeb1, an important promoter of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, as well as the rates of cell invasion and migration. These data indicate that DDB2 knockdown leads to a more aggressive cell behavior, corroborating the association with worse prognosis previously observed. Taken together, these results suggest that DDB2 function is not limited to DNA repair, they point out its potential participation in epithelial-mesenchymal transition control and show that this gene might play a key role in GBM\'s aggressiveness and resistance.
9

Efeito do tabagismo no perfil de metilação de DNA no promotor de genes MHL1, hTERT e TP53 em células epiteliais da mucosa bucal

Oliveira, Sabrina Rocha Luna de 27 February 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:56:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1722534 bytes, checksum: d8557488d35ade21ba45951fd8412a2f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / DNA methylation, characterized by the addition of a methyl group in cytosines within CpG dinucelotides can modified gene transcription, leading to decrease or even silence a gene. The ability of the environmental factors to induce epigenetic changes has been investigated and many studies have shown a relationship between them. Studies show that pesticides, metal ions, drugs, diet, alcohol dependence and smoking are associated with epigenetic changes. Smoking is often associated with the risk of cancer in various tissues and cardiovascular diseases, being considered the leading cause of preventable death. The MLH1 gene is related to the repair of badly paired bases of DNA (DNA mismatch repair (MMR)). The hTERT gene comprises the catalytic subunit of telomerase enzyme, which is considered a biological clock, a marker indicating that the cellular senescence can be installed inevitably form. The TP53 is a tumor suppressor gene and its hypermethylation is related to the development of various cancers. The aim of this work was to investigate the smoking habit influence on DNA methylation status in the promoter of cancer-related genes, MLH1, hTERT and TP53 in oral epithelial cells of healthy subjects. Samples of oral epithelium of smokers, nonsmokers and former smokers were collected by rinsing and DNA was extracted. After, DNA Methylation analysis was performed by Methylation Sensitive Restriction Enzymes, using two restriction enzymes, the HpaII and HhaI, which cleave different sites. Following the enzymatic digestion, DNA was amplified by PCR, subjected to electrophoresis on a 6% polyacrylamide gel and stained with silver nitrate. Statistical analysis was performed by Chi-square test at a significance level of 5%. The investigated CpG dinucleotides located at HhaI and HpaII sites in the MLH1 gene promoter were observed to be fully methylated in DNA majority samples from the smoker group and statistical differences were found between nonsmokers and smokers and between smokers and former smokers (p<0.05). The same was observed in the hTERT gene promoter at HhaI site (p<0.05) and for HpaII site the unmethylated condition was more frequent in smoker in comparison to nonsmokers (p<0.05). For TP53 no differences were found among groups (p>0.05) which the fully methylated condition was found to be an usual event in healthy oral epithelial cells. We conclude that smoking may induce changes in DNA methylation status in cancer-related genes, such as MLH1 and hTERT of healthy oral epithelial cells and the cessation of smoking reversed the process. / A metilação de DNA é uma modificação química na molécula de DNA, e consiste na presença de um radical metil em dinucleotídeos CpG, presente principalmente em regiões promotoras do gene. Uma das principais funções da metilação de DNA é regular a transcrição gênica, sendo que a presença do radical metil pode suprimir por completo a expressão gênica. Estudos mostram que o meio ambiente pode modular a metilação de DNA. Como exemplo de fatores ambientais temos: a radiação ultravioleta, agrotóxicos, dieta, fármacos, uso crônico do álcool e o hábito de fumar. O fumo é frequentemente associado ao risco de câncer em diversos tecidos e doenças cardiovasculares, sendo considerado a maior causa de morte evitável. O gene MLH1 está relacionado ao reparo de bases mal pareadas do DNA (DNA mismatch repair (MMR)). O gene hTERT compõe a subunidade catalítica da enzima telomerase, a qual é considerada um relógio biológico, um marcador que indica que a senescência celular poderá se instalar de forma inevitável. O TP53 é um gene supressor tumoral e sua hipermetilação está relacionada ao desenvolvimento de diversos tipos de câncer. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito do tabagismo no perfil de metilação de DNA em genes relacionados ao câncer, MLH1, hTERT e TP53 em células da mucosa bucal de indivíduos saudáveis. Para tanto, amostras de epitélio da mucosa bucal de indivíduos fumantes, não fumantes e ex-fumantes foram coletadas por bochecho e o DNA dessas células foi extraído. Após esse processo, a análise de metilação de DNA foi feita utilizando o método de Digestão Enzimática Sensível à Metilação, utilizando-se de duas enzimas de restrição, a HhaI e a HpaII, as quais clivam sítios diferentes. Em seguida à digestão enzimática, DNA foi amplificado por PCR, submetido à eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida a 6% e corado pelo nitrato de prata. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo Teste de Qui-Quadrado ao nível de significância de 5%. Os dinucleotídeos CpG localizados nos sítios HhaI e HpaII no promotor do gene MLH1 mostraram-se totalmente metilados na maioria dos indivíduos do grupo fumante e diferenças significativas foram observadas entre fumantes e não fumantes e entre fumantes e ex-fumantes (p<0,05). O mesmo foi observado para o sítio HhaI no promotor do gene hTERT (p<0,05) e para o sítio HpaII a condição não metilada foi mais frequente em fumantes em comparação com não fumantes (p<0,05). Para o gene TP53 não foram encontradas diferenças entre os grupos (p>0,05), sendo a condição totalmente metilada um evento usual das células saudáveis da mucosa bucal. Assim, concluímos que o fumo está associado a alterações no perfil de metilação de DNA em genes relacionados ao câncer, como MLH1 e hTERT em células epiteliais saudáveis da mucosa bucal e a cessação do hábito de fumar reverteu o processo.
10

In vitro partial-body dose assessment using a radiation responsive protein biomarker /

Leidel, Jason M. January 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.S.)--Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 2005. / Typescript (photocopy).

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