Defect prevention (DP) in early stages of software development life cycle (SDLC) is very cost effective than in later stages. The requirements elicitation and analysis & negotiation (E and A&N) phases in requirements engineering (RE) process are very critical and are major source of requirements defects. A poor E and A&N process may lead to a software requirements specifications (SRS) full of defects like missing, ambiguous, inconsistent, misunderstood, and incomplete requirements. If these defects are identified and fixed in later stages of SDLC then they could cause major rework by spending extra cost and effort. Organizations are spending about half of their total project budget on avoidable rework and majority of defects originate from RE activities. This study is an attempt to prevent requirements level defects from penetrates into later stages of SDLC. For this purpose empirical and literature studies are presented in this thesis. The empirical study is carried out with the help of six companies from Pakistan & Sweden by conducting interviews and literature study is done by using literature reviews. This study explores the most common requirements defect types, their reasons, severity level of defects (i.e. major or minor), DP techniques (DPTs) & methods, defect identification techniques that have been using in software development industry and problems in these DPTs. This study also describes possible major differences between Swedish and Pakistani software companies in terms of defect types and rate of defects originating from E and A&N phases. On the bases of study results, some solutions have been proposed to prevent requirements defects during the RE process. In this way we can minimize defects originating from E and A&N phases of RE in the bespoke requirements engineering (BESRE).

Il presente elaborato descrive tre dimensioni quali lo stile d'attaccamento (Bowlby, 1969, 1973, 1980; Ainsworth e coll., 1978), la competenza emotiva (Frijda, 1990; Goleman, 1996, 1998; Grazzani Gavazzi, 2004) e la resilienza (Cyrulnik, 2002), analizzata partendo da un excursus storico del concetto di trauma, dalle prime teorie psicoanalitiche fino a giungere alla categoria diagnostica del DPTS disturbo post traumatico da stress. Viene quindi riportata una ricerca condotta in Sri Lanka su un campione di 70 bambine tra gli 8 e i 10 anni, che hanno avuto esperienza dello tsunami che ha colpito il sud est asiatico nel dicembre 2004. Lo studio ha previsto l'utilizzo del SAT (Separation Anxiety Test) (Attili, 2001) per individuare gli stili di attaccamento dei bambini; il disegno a tema, analizzato attraverso la griglia interpretativa ideata da Bombi e Pinto (1993, 2000) per individuare il grado di competenza emotiva e il test della memoria a breve termine della figura complessa di Rey (1967), volto ad indagare le capacità attentive, di concentrazione e di memoria a breve termine dei bambini. Le variabili prese in considerazione sono state quindi analizzate sia singolarmente sia in relazione tra loro. / This work describes three dimensions: the attachment style (Bowlby, 1969, 1973, 1980; Ainsworth e coll., 1978), the emotional competence (Frijda, 1990; Goleman, 1996, 1998; Grazzani Gavazzi, 2004) and the resilience (Cyrulnik, 2002), analyzed through the history of the trauma's concept, since the first psychoanalytic theory until the category of PTSD Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Therefore, it is described a research in Sri Lanka about a sample of 70 female children between 8 and 10 years old, who had experience of Tsunami of December 2004 in the South East Asia. The research included the use of SAT (Separation Anxiety Test) (Attili, 2001) to find out the attachment styles of the children; the thematic painting, analyzed through the interpretative grate of Bombi e Pinto (1993, 2000) to analyze the grade of emotional competence and the Test of short-term memory of Complex Figure of Rey (1967), to describe the capability of attention, concentration and short-term memory of the children. The variables had been analyzed individually and in relation one to one.