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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Les incertitudes lors de l'évaluation de l'aléa de départ des éboulements rocheux / Uncertainties on rockfall assessment

Delonca, Adeline 05 December 2014 (has links)
De nombreuses incertitudes interviennent lors de l’évaluation de l’aléa de départ des éboulements rocheux. Ce mémoire se propose de les étudier, en suivant la typologie de Baecher & Christian (2005) qui identifie (1) l’incertitude de décision, (2) l’incertitude de connaissance et (3) l’incertitude aléatoire. L’incertitude de décision intervient au travers de l’évaluation de l’aléa par expertise. Nous avons mis au point une expérimentation visant à étudier l’influence du niveau d’expertise de la personne en charge de l’étude et de la méthode utilisée (qualitative et quantitative) sur l’évaluation de l’aléa. Nous avons montré que l’utilisation d’une méthode qualitative permet de guider la pensée et de réduire la dispersion des niveaux d’aléas finaux, ce qui n’est pas le cas d’une méthode quantitative. Nous montrons également que dans des cas spectaculaires, l’expérience de l’ingénieur lui permet de ne pas surévaluer l’aléa, et que pour des cas plus classiques, il n’y a pas d’influence du niveau d’expertise dès lors que la méthode est suffisamment détaillée. L’incertitude aléatoire se manifeste par la variabilité temporelle des éboulements rocheux. Un travail sur des bases de données a été entrepris. Il a permis de mettre en évidence une corrélation statistique entre les éboulements rocheux et certains facteurs météorologiques (pluies et températures). Une méthode évaluant la probabilité d’occurrence des éboulements en fonction de l’intensité des pluies ou la valeur des températures a alors été développée. Elle peut être considérée comme un outil d’aide à la décision dans la gestion du risque. Un travail sur ces bases de données a également permis de montrer l’existence d’une composante de bruit de fond aléatoire, ne montrant aucune corrélation statistique, caractérisée par le fait que le temps qui sépare deux chutes de blocs suit une loi de Poisson. L’incertitude de connaissance résulte d’un manque d’informations concernant, en particulier, les facteurs préparatoires. Afin de mieux appréhender ces incertitudes, des modèles numériques (éléments distincts - UDEC) de glissement d’un bloc sur un plan incliné, dépendants de la présence et de la proportion de ponts rocheux, ont été réalisés. Ils ont permis de montrer l’existence de deux phases dans la rupture, contrôlées par les reports des contraintes le long du joint entre le bloc et le plan, à mesure que de la rupture des ponts rocheux se propage. Cependant, ces deux phases ne se retrouvent pas dans l’étude des déplacements du bloc. Nous montrons également l’influence de la position des ponts rocheux sur la vitesse de propagation de la rupture en fonction de la pente. Ces travaux fournissent un outil opérationnel et des indications sur le processus d’évaluation de l’aléa qui pourraient aider l’ingénieur en charge d’une étude d’aléa à justifier et à affiner son estimation / The present dissertation proposes to study uncertainties in rockfall hazard assessment process, on the basis of the Baecher & Christian typology (2005), which identifies (1) decision uncertainties, (2) knowledge uncertainties, and (3) natural variability. Decision uncertainties are due to the subjectivity of experts’ assessment. An experiment has been realized in order to evaluate the influence of the expertise level, and the chosen method (qualitative or quantitative) on the rockfall hazard. The rockfall hazard levels obtained by the qualitative method are quite uniform while the quantitative method produces more disparate results. We have shown that, classically, the expertise level has no influence on the assessment if the method is precisely detailed. In the case of spectacular sites, experts do not overestimate the hazard. The natural variability is associated to the temporal variability of the rockfalls. We have studied the statistical correlation between meteorological and rockfall databases. We have developed a method that takes into account the probability of occurrence of the studied triggering factor (rainfalls and temperatures). This new approach is easy to use, and also helps to determine the conditional probability of rockfall according to a given meteorological factor. This approach will help to optimize risk management in studied areas based on their meteorological conditions. A work on these databases also has allowed the unpredictability of the rockfalls to be highlighted. Indeed, the delay between two rockfalls follows a Poisson distribution. Knowledge uncertainties may concern the preparatory factors. We have studied them with numerical models of a rock block sliding along a planar joint, depending on the proportion and position of rock bridges (distinct elements - UDEC). Two stages of the failure process have been highlighted; they have been controlled by the stress redistribution induced by the failure, and the propagation of the rock bridges. However, these two phases are not identified when studying block displacements. We also have shown the influence of the position of rock bridges on the propagation of failure. This research provides an operational tool, and guidelines on assessment process that may help engineers in charge of a rockfall risk analysis to justify and refine the obtained risk estimations
2

Dolování sekvenčních vzorů / Sequential Pattern Mining

Tisoň, Zdeněk January 2012 (has links)
This master's thesis is focused on knowledge discovery from databases, especially on methods of mining sequential patterns. Individual methods of mining sequential patterns are described in detail. Further, this work deals with extending the platform Microsoft SQL Server Analysis Services of new mining algorithms. In the practical part of this thesis, plugins for mining sequential patterns are implemented into MS SQL Server. In the last part, these algorithms are compared on different data sets.
3

Data analysis and creation of epigenetics database

Desai, Akshay A. 21 May 2014 (has links)
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This thesis is aimed at creating a pipeline for analyzing DNA methylation epigenetics data and creating a data model structured well enough to store the analysis results of the pipeline. In addition to storing the results, the model is also designed to hold information which will help researchers to decipher a meaningful epigenetics sense from the results made available. Current major epigenetics resources such as PubMeth, MethyCancer, MethDB and NCBI’s Epigenomics database fail to provide holistic view of epigenetics. They provide datasets produced from different analysis techniques which raises an important issue of data integration. The resources also fail to include numerous factors defining the epigenetic nature of a gene. Some of the resources are also struggling to keep the data stored in their databases up-to-date. This has diminished their validity and coverage of epigenetics data. In this thesis we have tackled a major branch of epigenetics: DNA methylation. As a case study to prove the effectiveness of our pipeline, we have used stage-wise DNA methylation and expression raw data for Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) from TCGA data repository. The pipeline helped us to identify progressive methylation patterns across different stages of LUAD. It also identified some key targets which have a potential for being a drug target. Along with the results from methylation data analysis pipeline we combined data from various online data reserves such as KEGG database, GO database, UCSC database and BioGRID database which helped us to overcome the shortcomings of existing data collections and present a resource as complete solution for studying DNA methylation epigenetics data.

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