No description available.

The inclusion of a central court or atrium within a building is a popular design due to its aesthetic, open appearance. The greater penetration of natural light aids in the reduction in use of artificial lighting during the day. Care must be taken to balance the solar heat gain against the daylight penetration. This balance is critical for the reduction of the electrical energy load of the building, whilst maintaining a high level of comfort for the occupants. In the tropics modifications to atrium building designs are necessary to diminish high elevation direct solar heat gain. Traditionally, shading the window apertures or lowering the transmission through the glazing was used. These solutions limit the view and reduce the light level. The use of angular selective glazing upon atria allows the rejection of high elevation direct sunlight whilst redirecting and therefore improving low elevation skylight penetration. Tilted angular selective glazing used upon adjoining spaces to atria help vertical light in the atrium well to be redirected horizontally deep into the space. These effects reduce overheating which would normally restrict the use of atria in warmer environments as well as improve illumination penetration into adjoining spaces. The research showed that under clear sky conditions the modified glazing gave a lower temperature in the middle of the day within the atrium well. A more even distribution of illuminance across the course of the day was found and a higher level of illuminance was achieved within the well and its adjoining spaces under clear skies. These effects were simulated using computer algorithms. The algorithms were verified by field data collected from the QUT Daylighting Research Test Building located at the Brisbane Airport Bureau of Meteorology site where two simultaneously monitored model (1:10 scale) atriums were studied for several months.

No description available.

Daylight has a deteriorating effect on the museum objects. For this reason, usually museums totally block the daylight. This research is the part of restoration works of Kuwait National Museum (KNM), which was destroyed during the Gulf War in 1990. The purpose of this research is to investigate the lighting performance of the top lighting and side shading devices in KNM. This research will cover daylighting systems for Building 3 and 4 of the KNM. Daylighting systems are evaluated by using the scale model and Desktop RADIANCE, a lighting simulation program. This research will present how to make use of daylight in museum buildings while protecting museum objects from the harmful portion of daylight.

Daylight has a deteriorating effect on the museum objects. For this reason, usually museums totally block the daylight. This research is the part of restoration works of Kuwait National Museum (KNM), which was destroyed during the Gulf War in 1990. The purpose of this research is to investigate the lighting performance of the top lighting and side shading devices in KNM. This research will cover daylighting systems for Building 3 and 4 of the KNM. Daylighting systems are evaluated by using the scale model and Desktop RADIANCE, a lighting simulation program. This research will present how to make use of daylight in museum buildings while protecting museum objects from the harmful portion of daylight.

Thesis (M.Arch.)--University of Detroit Mercy, 2008. / "28 April 2008". Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-105).

abstract: For most of our history humans have been closely tied to energy provided by the sun. Phases of light and dark initiate major biological functions within each day and regulate patterns of sleep and heightened alertness. Daylight was historically synonymous with sophisticated architecture, providing a mysterious play of light and illuminating productive tasks. It is only within the last 150 years that humans have sought to improve upon daylight, largely replacing it with artificially fueled systems. A new scientific approach to providing interior light has focused on the visible spectrum, negating the remainder of energy from our lives. This thesis considers the full spectrum of natural daylight, and its potential for improving human health, and well being. The literature review explores a brief history of solar architecture leading into the 21st century. A case study of the award winning Arabian Library in Scottsdale Arizona reveals four methods of passive daylight integration. A phenomenological ethnographic methodology assessed the impact of these four strategies on interior lighting quality, documented from the designer's perspective. As the science of photobiology continues to advance, it has become clearly evident that natural daylight provides more than mere illumination, and should be considered an essential element of the interior built environment. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S.D. Design 2013

Among the different environmental functions atria perform, this research has focused only on daylighting. The thesis has been presented in two parts. The first part provides the background information, the extent of daylighting research in atria, objective and scope of the research. The environmental role of atria has also been discussed. The second part deals with the research procedure, the description of the scale model used for the study, the conditions under which the study have been conducted, and finally, the conclusions of the study. The effects of changing the reflectivity of the wall and floor surfaces of the atria well on the illumination in the adjacent spaces to atria have been studied. The objective of the thesis was to establish the relative contributions of the changes in the surface reflectance of the wall and the effects of variations in the area of the openings in the wall facade on lighting in the adjacent occupied spaces. The importance of the floor reflectivity in lighting the spaces adjacent to the atria was also determined. Quantitative analysis of daylighting in atria has been conducted using physical scale models under natural overcast skies using daylight factor and well index to normalize the results. Although the thesis has concentrated on daylighting, in reality there are other functions, both social and environmental, that atria are required to perform, and where appropriate, these functions have been acknowledged. It has been established by this research, that the atria well and the spaces adjacent to it are affected by changes in the area of openings in the form of windows in the wall facades of the well. Small variations in higher reflective surfaces on the wall facade produce greater differences in the daylight factors as compared to similar differences in surfaces with lower reflectances. Using high surface reflectance on the floor of the atria well will enhance illumination in the lower levels of the atria. As the area of the (high) reflective surfaces along the edges of the floor is increased, the illumination in the side spaces in the lower levels also increases. The area of floor reflectivity needed for increasing the illumination levels in the side spaces is dependent on the area of openings on the walls at the lower levels. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Architecture and Landscape Architecture (SALA), School of / Graduate

Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Daylighting is fast emerging globally as a popular clean energy technology to compliment artificial electrical lighting. Unlike traditional artificial lighting, however, the variability of the sun due to geographical, geometrical and climatic variations presents a major challenge to engineers and architects involved in daylighting system design, particularly for critical tasks such as reading. This project evolved out of the need to be able to fully describe the performance of daylighting applications in order to aid and validate the design, improvement and installation of such systems. The primary focus of the project was to design, develop and test a system that is able to record and convey the variability of light, within an interior space, in terms of the spatial and time domains for the monitoring of daylighting applications, at a fraction of the cost of similar commercially available systems. Several potential sensors underwent stringent selection and testing procedures to determine which would meet the project requirements. The selected Sharp GA1A2S100LY sensing device proved to be the most suitable and was developed and included in a microcontroller based system to record illumination levels at multiple locations simultaneously. The sensor was selected and developed to match the spectral sensitivity of the human eye within the range of 0-1500 lux. The PIC18F8722 Explorer Demonstration Board manufactured by Microchip was selected to control all system operations. The board interfaces with each illuminance sensor and records the measured data, in text format in a .txt file on an SD card, in the PICtail daughter board SD card module. The system was able to record data from 64 sensors, simultaneously, at predefined time intervals and to store it for later processing. The data was then refined and used to generate easy to interpret visual representations of the illumination characteristics of the measured area as a function of time. The data is imported from the SD card text file to Microsoft Excel where a constant, predetermined, correction factor is applied to the data. A MATLAB program was developed to read the corrected data from the Excel spreadsheet and give an animated display of the progression of the illumination characteristics over the period for which the measurements were taken. Testing conducted with the system was done in an area supplied with daylight from two passive zenithal light pipes. The use of the system, under these conditions, proved effective with the system able to accurately convey the hourly, daily and seasonal variability of light within the measured area over a period of time. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dagbeligting ontwikkel teen 'n hoë pas wêreldwyd as 'n gewilde vorm van skoon energie tegnologie. Die doel van dagbeligting is om kunsmatige elektriese beligting aan te vul. In teenstelling met tradisionele kunsmatige beligting, bied die die son 'n verskeidenheid van groot uitdagings vir ingenieurs en argitekte betrokke in die ontwerp van 'n dagbeligting stelsel, veral vir take van kritieke belang insluitend die vermoë om te kan lees. Uitdagings sluit in: Geografiese-, geometriese-, asook klimaatstoestand veranderlikes. Hierdie projek het ontwikkel vanuit die behoefte om ten volle die werksverrigting van dagbeligting toepassings te kan beskryf om sodoende die ontwerp, bevordering en installering van dagbeligting stelsels te steun en te bevestig. Die hooffokus van die projek was om 'n stelsel te ontwerp, ontwikkel en te toets wat die vermoë het om die veranderlikheid van lig, binne 'n binneruimte, in terme van ruimtelike- en tydsdomeine op te neem en hierdie oor te dra vir die monitor van dagbeligting toepassings, teen 'n fraksie van die koste van 'n soortgelyke kommersieel beskikbare stelsel. Verskeie moontlike sensors het streng keuring- en toetsprosedures ondergaan om te bepaal watter sensors aan die projek vereistes sal voldoen. Die sensor wat gevind was as die mees toepaslike, bepaal deur die resultate verkry vanaf die keuring- en toetsprosedures, was die Sharp GA1A2S100LY sensor toestel. Hierdie toestel was ontwikkel en ingesluit in 'n mikroverwerker beheerstelsel om beligtingsvlakke by verskeie liggings terselfdertyd op te neem. Verder, was die sensor gekies en ontwikkel om die spektrale sensitiwiteit van die menslike oog te ewenaar, binne die reik van 0 – 1500 lux. Die PIC18F8722 Explore Demonstration Board vervaardig deur Microchip was gekies om alle stelsel bedrywighede te beheer. Die bord kommunikeer met elke illuminansievlaksensor en neem die gemete data op, in teks formaat in 'n .txt lêer wat dan op 'n SD kaart gestoor word, in die PICtail Daughter Board SD kaart module. Die stelsel kon data van 64 sensors, gelyktydig, opneem by voorafbepaalde tydsintervalle en dit dan stoor vir verdere verwerking later. Die data was dan verfyn en gebruik om maklik-om-te- interpreteer visuele voorstellings van die beligtingseienskappe van die gemete area as 'n funksie van tyd te genereer. Die data, gestoor as 'n .txt lêer, word ingevoer van die SD kaard in Microsoft Excel in waar 'n konstante, voorafbepaalde regstellingsfaktor op die data toegepas word. A MATLAB program was ontwikkel om die gekorrigeerde data te lees vanaf die Excel werkblad en 'n geanimeerde voorstelling, van die vordering van die beligtingseienskappe oor die tydperk waarvoor die lesings geneem was, terug te voer. Toetse uitgevoer met die stelsel was uitgevoer in 'n vertrek, voorsien met daglig van twee passiewe “zenithal” beligtingspype. Die gebruik van die stelsel, onder hierdie kondisies, blyk effektief. Die stelsel is in staat om akkuraat die uurlikse, daaglikse, asook die seisoensveranderlikheid van lig, binne die afgemete area oor ʼn tydperk van tyd, weer te gee.

by Chow Ka-Ming. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-73). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.iii / Contents --- p.iv / Chapter 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- DAYLIGHT --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- DAYLIGHTING DESIGN --- p.1 / Chapter 1.3 --- COMPUTER SIMULATION AND RENDERING --- p.2 / Chapter 1.4 --- COMPUTER-BASED DAYLIGHTING DESIGN --- p.3 / Chapter 1.5 --- SCOPE --- p.3 / Chapter 1.6 --- SIGNIFICANCE --- p.4 / Chapter 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- COMPUTER-BASED DAYLIGHTING DESIGN TOOLS --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Graphic User Interface and Pre-defined Scenarios --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Performance-based Daylighting Simulation --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2 --- RADIANCE VALIDATION AND COMPARISON WITH OTHER SYSTEMS --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Validation and Accuracy of Radiance --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Comparison of Radiance With Other Simulation Systems --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Limitation on Geometry Input --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Correctness of Scene Description --- p.11 / Chapter 2.3 --- RADIANCE MODEL --- p.11 / Chapter 3 --- METHODOLOGY --- p.15 / Chapter 4 --- CLIMATIC AND URBAN CHARACTERISTIC OF HONG KONG --- p.18 / Chapter 4.1 --- HONG KONG SKY CONDITION --- p.19 / Chapter 4.2 --- HONG KONG URBAN CONTEXT --- p.22 / Chapter 5 --- DAYLIGHTING SIMULATION FOR ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN --- p.25 / Chapter 5.1 --- DAYLIGHTING DESIGN APPROACH --- p.26 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- PHYSICAL MODEL --- p.26 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- GRAPHIC TECHNIQUES --- p.27 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH --- p.28 / Chapter 6 --- CASE STUDY l: ATRIUM DAYLIGHTING ARCHITECTURE 一 A FUTURE WORKPLACE --- p.30 / Chapter 6.1 --- PROJECT INTRODUCTION --- p.30 / Chapter 6.2 --- PROJECT APPROACH --- p.31 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- GEOMETRY --- p.32 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- IN-HOUSE SOFTWARE TOOL FOR MODELING --- p.32 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- SKY CONDITION --- p.33 / Chapter 6.2.4 --- MATERIALS --- p.33 / Chapter 6.2.5 --- REFERENCE VIEWPOINT --- p.34 / Chapter 6.2.6 --- RENDERING --- p.35 / Chapter 6.3 --- PROJECT EXPERIMENT --- p.35 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- ILLUMINANCE LEVEL --- p.36 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- GLARE VISUAL COMFORT --- p.38 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- IN-HOUSE SOFTWARE TOOL FOR ANIMATION --- p.39 / Chapter 6.3.4 --- DAYLIGHTING DESIGN EVALUATION --- p.41 / Chapter 7 --- CASE STUDY ll: BUILDING DESIGN EVALUATION AND PREDICTION -SENIOR CITIZENS HOUSING FACILITY --- p.42 / Chapter 7.1 --- BUILDING DESIGN DATA AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS --- p.43 / Chapter 7.1.1 --- SITE CONTEXT --- p.43 / Chapter 7.1.2 --- BUILDING MATERIALS AND FINISHES FOR THE ATRIUM --- p.46 / Chapter 7.1.3 --- OBSERVATIONS OF PATTERNS OF USE --- p.47 / Chapter 7.1.4 --- LUMINANCE MEASUREMENTS --- p.48 / Chapter 7.2 --- COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS --- p.50 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- GEOMETRIC MODELING --- p.50 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- COMPARISON OF FIELD MEASUREMENT AND COMPUTED LUMINANCE --- p.51 / Chapter 7.2.3 --- VARIATION OF DESIGN PARAMETERS --- p.53 / Chapter 7.2.4 --- VARIATION OF BEAM DEPTH --- p.53 / Chapter 7.2.5 --- ADDITION OF LOUVERS --- p.56 / Chapter 7.2.6 --- EFFECT OF INTER-BLOCK OBSTRUCTIONS --- p.58 / Chapter 7.2.7 --- DAYLIGHTING DESIGN ALTERNATION --- p.60 / Chapter 8 --- FINDINGS --- p.61 / Chapter 8.1 --- CASE STUDY I: A FUTURE WORKPLACE --- p.61 / Chapter 8.2 --- CASE STUDY II: SENIOR CITIZENS HOUSING --- p.63 / Chapter 8.3 --- FUTURE WORKS --- p.64 / Chapter 9 --- CONCLUSION --- p.66 / REFERENCES --- p.67 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.70 / APPENDIX A - Case study I (Atrium Daylighting Architecture - A Future Workplace) --- p.74 / APPENDIX B - Case study II (senior citizens housing facility) --- p.115