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Recent studies by Dr. I. McT. Cowan in Jasper National Park have revealed that many of the winter game ranges of the Park are heavily over-utilized by grazing and browsing animals. In order to correct this situation, it was first necessary to obtain accurate information on existing range conditions. Therefore, study of certain key areas of the Athabaska Valley was undertaken in the summer of 1946 and 1947 by Dr, Cowan and the author, for the purpose of describing existing plant growth, investigating factors affecting this plant growth, and recommending measures for improving range conditions. In carrying out the project, standard range survey methods were used on nine representative areas. Point sampling revealed the composition of the ground vegetation while cover estimates and numerical counts gave the status of trees and shrubs. Analyses of soil samples indicated the fertility of the soil of the various ranges. The relative utilization of the ranges by herbivores was estimated by defecation counts. In order to determine the productivity of the ranges equal amounts of ground vegetation were clipped, air-dried, and weighed. Exclosure plots, established in 1942, served as a type of control as productivity within the plots was compared to that outside. The Jasper cemetery was used as a relict area. As a result of the investigations it was concluded that the winter ranges of the Athabaska Valley vary greatly in their capacity to produce vegetation, and that all the ranges are over-utilized to a greater or lesser degree, principally by elk and horses. This over-utilization is producing a retrogressive succession of the ground vegetation which is rendering the ranges increasingly unproductive. Destruction of browse species and strict fire protection are hastening development of climax spruce forests on certain range areas. In order to correct present trends in the ecology of the Athabaska Valley it was recommended that the numbers of elk be greatly reduced, that annual censuses of game populations be made, that a cover map of the area be prepared and new exclosure plots set up, that periodic range studies be made, that horse grazing be prohibited, and that conifers be controlled on certain game ranges. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

This thesis presents a model in which there is a single agent and two principals. The agent is a monopoly firm, while the two principals are regulators who may cooperate when selecting their optimal policies or act as rivals. The specific regulatory problem in which all are involved is the control of acid rain. An environmental regulator chooses a design standard and a public utility regulator chooses a two-part pricing scheme. These choices are made within an environment of limited and asymmetric information. Specifically, we assume the firm knows more about its fixed abatement costs than does either regulator. The firm is able to act strategically when revealing this information. Within the context of this regulation problem, we characterize the equilibrium solutions when the regulators cooperate and when they act as rivals. The non-cooperative game endows the environmental regulator with the status of leader. We also give characterizations for two different kinds of rivalry, extreme rivalry and mild rivalry. In addition, this thesis presents some different results on the bunching properties of these models. / Arts, Faculty of / Vancouver School of Economics / Graduate

Little is known and less is understood about the insurability of liabilities for environmental damage or about the need for, nature, extent or value of the coverages offered by the insurance industry in this field. It is the object of this work to canvass these matters. At the outset, it is sought to focus attention upon the existing environmental liability risks and to i(identify some of the new common law theories that are evolving to meet the demands of society's emerging "environmental consciousness" and thereby broadening the area of risk. Against this background, the provisions of the available environmental liability insurance facilities are then presented in detail, examined and evaluated. Since it cannot be assumed ipso facto that all environmental liabilities are insurable, the insurability question is addressed in the light of the orthodoxies of public policy and insurance principle. Finally, this thesis inquires whether liability insurance can make a positive contribution to environmental regulation and to the promotion of sound environmental values. The first conclusion drawn herein is that the area of risk is sufficiently broad to warrant serious attention both from those at risk and from the insurance industry. Traditional liability insurance facilities are assessed to be inadequate and negative in their handling of the risks, falling considerably short of the goal of effective coverage. However, the new Environmental Impairment Liability Policy is seen as something of a "light in the dark". It is not without its shortcomings (these are adverted to and changes recommended) but, generally speaking, is a worthwhile initiative and a useful model for future development. On the question of the role of liability insurance in environmental regulation, it is concluded that there are indeed ways and means by which the insurance mechanism can help, provided that people in the insurance industry are appropriately motivated. / Law, Peter A. Allard School of / Graduate

PhD. (Informatics) / Organizations become daily more dependent on information. Information is captured, processed, stored and distributed by the information resources and services within the organization. These information resources and services should be secured to ensure a high level of availability, integrity and privacy of this information at all times. This process is referred to as Information Security Management. The main objective of this, thesis is to identify all the processes that constitute Information Security Management and to define a metric through which the information security status of the organization can be measured and presented. It is necessary to identify an individual or a department which will be responsible for introducing and managing the information security controls to maintain a high level of security within the organization. The position .and influence of this individual, called the Information Security officer, and/or department within the organization, is described in chapter 2. The various processes and subprocesses constituting Information Security Management are identified and grouped in chapter 3. One of these processes, Measuring and Reporting, is currently very ill-defined and few guidelines and/or tools exist currently to help the Information Security officer to perform this task. For this reason the rest of the thesis is devoted to providing an effective means to enable the Information Security officer to measure and report the information security status in an effective way...

The premise of the thesis is that attention to the processes that produce the green state opens up avenues for analysing African states from the perspective of the green state. This study engages the theory of the green state within the African context to understand the complex processes that enabled the greening of the state in Botswana. I draw on the example of wildlife conservation policies and practices in post-independence Botswana to argue that the greening of the state entails processes by which the state interacts with non-state actors to enact environmental reforms over a long period of time. Such interaction maybe initiated by the state or by non-state actors who are determined to pursue an environmental agenda or to implement environmental strategies through organs of the state. To account for the processes that enable the greening of Botswana, the study employed an interpretive approach that is dependent on qualitative data. The study primarily draws from archival research and key informant interviews with academics, environmental consultants, representatives of civil society, relevant government departments and ministries, the private sector in Botswana's tourism, and an interview with former President Ian Khama. To understand the greening processes, the thesis analysed the qualitative data between 1966 and 2018. These historical periods cover the presidency of Seretse Khama (1966 – 1980), Ketumile Masire (1980 – 1998), Festus Mogae (1998 – 2008) and Ian Khama (2008 – 2018). The four key findings of the study are that, first, the collaboration between authorities in Botswana and international agencies and actors enabled the greening of Botswana. These agencies and actors, financed environmental related programmes, facilitated the development of green institutions, and influenced the country's conservation policies. Second, the study demonstrates that political leadership is instrumental in the greening of Botswana. The four presidencies paid attention to environmental protection though there were variations in each presidency. The presidency of Ian Khama stands out as an important period in greening of the state as he strengthened the greening process by realigning the wildlife economy with political power. Third, the study found that the greening process necessitates the internal restructuring of the state through the establishment of green institutions, which serve to realign state activities with the green agenda. Fourth and lastly, the study reveals that the greening of the state in Botswana is accompanied by negative state-citizen relations in the wildlife sector. These relations played out through the marginalization of the local people in the ecotourism enterprise within the context of community-based natural resource management initiative.

This dissertation seeks to examine the impact of the Protection of Personal Information Act 69 of 2013 (“POPI Act”) on direct marketing and insurance consumer in the insurance industry. This is important because the advancements in technology call for a delicate balanced between the protections of consumers Constitutional rights with an enabled economic growth market. Technology makes it easy for personal information to be collected and be disseminated in huge volumes across the globe within seconds. The personal information such as names and contact details therefore become available and can be collected for purposes of direct marketing. Before the enactment of POPI Act, unwanted direct marketing in the insurance sector was regulated by section 45 of the Electronic Communications and Transactions Act 25 of 2002 (“ECTA”) as well as various insurance statutes. The Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 (“CPA”) does not apply in to the insurance industry, however, will be discussed briefly to create context and an appreciation of the adequacy of the protection provided by insurance statutes on direct marketing. This dissertation therefore argues that insurance legislation was not adequate to protect the insurance consumers from the unlawful processing of their personal information by direct marketers. The inconsistencies in different statutes before POPI Act was enacted made it easy for the direct marketers to infringe on the consumers’ right to privacy by sending the unwanted direct marketing communication or by disclosing these consumers’ personal information to third parties without the consumer’s knowledge or consent. In examining the efficacy of the POPI Act, the study shows that its provisions are sufficient to protect insurance consumers from unwanted direct marketing. This conclusion is supported by the fact that the POPI Act is a personal information protection legislative instrument and more specifically because section 69 of this Act is dedicated to the regulation of direct marketing in all industries. The POPI Act provides guidelines for lawful processing of personal information, thus supporting the free flow of information for purposes of direct marketing, while securing privacy of consumers. / Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria 2020. / Mercantile Law / LLM / Unrestricted

the object of this thesis is to give a comprehensive description and a critical evaluation of consumer law, a field of law which has developed rapidly in the last two decades and the exact contents and function of which are the subject of keen academic debate.

Nowadays, more personal data are being collected with the advent of computers and the development of new telecommunications technology. However, the emerging form of new technologies creates new challenges and risks in personal processing information, which can be inaccurate, incomplete or irrelevant. Furthermore, personal data can be accessed or disclosed without authorisation, used for a purpose other than that for which they were collected or destroyed. Therefore, the unregulated processing of personal information threatens a person’s right to privacy. In response to this, many countries are adopting or updating data protection legislation and policies. Still, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been very slow and insignificant in adopting a data protection law. As a result, there is no specific comprehensive Data Protection legislation in the DRC, even though few provisions on data protection can be found in the Telecommunications and Information and Communications Technology (2020 ICT Act). This paper aims to do a critical analysis of principles governing the processing of personal data in the DRC to assess the extent to which they comply with international and African regional human rights standards applicable to data protection principles. It principally sets the gaps in the 2020 ICT Act while bringing to light its prospect to strengthen the protection of personal data in the DRC. The research also assesses the weaknesses that may require development going forward and proposes recommendations to ensure that the DRC complies with international standards. / Mini Dissertation (LLM (Human rights and Democratisation in Africa))--University of Pretoria, 2021. / European Union, Royal Norwegian Embassy in Pretoria / Centre for Human Rights / LLM (Human rights and Democratisation in Africa) / Unrestricted

Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Social Work in the Faculty of Arts at the University of Zululand, 2009. / This study is about the research that the writer conducted based on how service providers could be helped to render effective services with special reference to street children. It is believed that this study will be considered as a field based social development practice concerned with child protection and improvement of antisocial behaviour. This research was conducted in order to firstly, establish the existence of reunification programmes in the shelters that secure street children after having been picked up from the streets. Secondly, it intended to investigate in the event the programmes were available, who were actually involved during their evaluation, for example, service providers, government officials, families of street children and street children themselves. The study also intended to examine the effectiveness of those programmes. If they were available what remedy can be employed in order to improve the relationship between the reunified vulnerable street children and their families. During data collection in June 2006 concerning this study it emanated that six (6) 89% service providers did not have reunification programmes. Only one (1) 11% Government Place of Safety uses the monitoring forms to assess the progress of the street children during institutionallsationperiod. Even the said forms do not reach the objective of rehabilitating the children because children abscond before the end of the monitoring exercise. And without the direction file of the child's home, it is hard to track down the child and get response from the family about the progress of the child. In terms of Sec 69(i) of Social Welfare White Paper 1997 the State had planned to develop programmes concerning provision of safe environment and taking care of homeless young adults and those surviving on the streets. But these goals have not yet been achieved. The service providers even confessed that they lacked skills on how to deal with problematic children other than providing safety and security until the child decides to reunify with his or her family. The study was conducted in Durban, Empangeni, Richards Bay, Eshowe, Nqutu, Nkandla and Newcastle in the KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. (Due to research confidentiality ethical reasons, the real names of institutions visited will not be revealed). Lastly, the researcher prepared standardised Reunification Program Manuals (hereinafter called Behaviour Modification Treatment Model Manual) and Participation Action Research Manuals and issued them to the service providers for future use.