Thesis (M.Sc.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland. / Bibliography: leaves 120-130. Also available online.

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A variety of moraine forms were deposited by glaciers during the Loch Lomond Stadial. Study of such moraines and related landforms provides a valuable source of data on patterns of landscape evolution and climatic change. This thesis presents detailed case-studies of moraines in geologically and topographically contrasting areas on the Island of Skye, Scotland. Geomorphological mapping, sedimentological analyses and mathematical modelling techniques were employed to determine the principal controls on moraine morphology, composition and distribution. Particular emphasis was placed on the provenance, transport and deposition of debris, and their spatial variation. The results were used to construct a summary model of glacial landform evolution, which relates different sediment-landform associations to spatial and temporal controls, particularly basin lithology and structure, topography, position of deposition and ice-margin activity. The initial stage of deglaciation in the study area was marked by a series of readvances and/or stillstands. During this stage, the lower-lying glaciers were more sensitive to climatic amelioration than the higher glaciers. The subsequent phase was characterised by more rapid deglaciation. Evidence for one instance of late-stage in situ glacier stagnation is described. The results indicate that landforms hitherto grouped as 'hummocky -moraine' formed by a variety of processes. Such moraines formed by (a) uneven deposition of supraglacially and/or -subglacially-derived debris at active ice margins, (b) deposition at the stagnant margins of otherwise active glaciers, and (c) deposition during uninterrupted glacier retreat or areal stagnation. Differentiation and analysis of so-called 'hummocky moraine' enables glacier behaviour, during the Lateglacial to be interpreted in great detail.

Thèse (D.R.Min.) -- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, programme en association avec l'Université du Québec à Montréal, 2005. / Bibliogr.: f. 156-160. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 99-111).

Evidence of the last glaciation of the Shetland Islands, UK, is re-examined and combined with new data on terrestrial glacigenic deposits and recent offshore data from the continental shelf to produce a dynamic, integrated model of the history of the whole ice cap. It is shown that evidence which has previously been attributed to last glacial, or earlier, Scandinavian ice incursion, might be explained by the eastwards migration of local ice sheds. At its maximum, the ice sheet reached the continental shelf edge to the west of the islands, at least 75 km east, at least 50 km north and might be seen as a peninsular extension of the Scottish ice sheet to the south. The changing patterns of ice flow during deglaciation are reconstructed, implying an early phase of deglaciation at the west and northwest margins (possibly accounting for the suggested eastern migration of the ice shed), followed by retreat at more northern, then eastern, then southern margins. It is suggested that the above pattern reflects tidewater calving controlled by bathymmetric variation around the ice sheet. During a later phase of deglaciation, the margin of the ice cap may have grounded at around the current -100m bathymmetric contour and from there retreated terrestrially. The importance of topographic control on patterns of deglaciation as ice retreated towards the island group is clearly established. Some minor moraines in parts of Shetland are due to active ice margins but their age is unknown. Radiocarbon dates reported here show that the last glaciation was Late Weichselian and that the maximum northern extent was at least 50 km north of the islands. The concepts of an eastwards migrating ice shed and an early, extensive ice cap retreating to a grounding point, could have parallels elsewhere in Scotland during the last glaciation. The methodology applied in this study of Shetland - integrating onshore and offshore data, and developing a dynamic picture of the whole ice cap - needs to be applied to the last Scottish ice sheet also.

Numerous small linear moraines occur in Upper Hat Creek valley, British Columbia. The ridges lie transverse to the axis of the valley. They are, upon average, 1000 feet (305 m.) long, 8 feet (2.4 m.) high, and spaced 130 feet (40 m.) apart. Their profile is asymmetrical, with a steeper proximal slope. The alignment of a-axes of pebbles in the till is transverse to the moraine crest, regardless of the orientation of the crest with respect to the direction of regional ice movement. The dip of the pebbles is in the direction of the surface slope, however, it is less than the slope on the proximal side and greater than the slope on the distal side. The Hat Creek moraines form an extensive system of push moraines, deposited during the retreat of the last ice sheet. During the winter, a slight readvance of the glacier pushed the ablation moraine of the previous summer into a ridge along the ice front. The ridge was not overridden by the ice. Therefore, the asymmetry of a simple push moraine was maintained. During the subsequent ablation season the moraine was isolated from the retreating ice margin. The next winter's readvance rarely extended as far as the previous ridge, thereby preserving the moraines. / Arts, Faculty of / Geography, Department of / Graduate

The submitted diploma thesis deals with relative dating of the youngest glacigenic sediments (moraines) in the upper parts of some selected valleys in the High Tatra Mountains. These moraines were stabilized after the last cold events of the last glaciation cycle. The Schmidt hammer (SH) test was used for the assessment of their relative age. This method is based on the assumption that there is a mutual relation between the degree of weathering of a tested surface and the duration of its exposure. Information about the degree of weathering is expressed by the Rebound (R) value. The measurements were taken on fifteen moraines in four valleys in the High Tatra Mountains (Mengusovská, Velká Studená, Malá Studená and Litvorova valley). A large statistical population of measurements obtained from moraine surfaces were used to analyse the variability of R values means in the same lithology. The moraines were divided on the base of SH measurements into two groups of different age. R value means and standard deviation for these groups (SK_1: R=53,5±1,2 a SK_2: R=58,6±1,5) are significantly statistically different. The results of the weathering indexes were used for the reconstruction of the pattern of deglaciation in selected upper parts of valleys (cirques). Key words: relative dating, the Schmidt Hammer,...

During the summers of 1961 through 1964 field parties of the Geographical Branch, Department of Mines and Technical Surveys, conducted studies in the physical geography of north-central Baffin Island. While field research emphasized the glacial geomorphology of the area about the northwest margin of the Barnes Icecap, air photo interpretation over a much wider area revealed the existence of a series of major terminal and lateral moraines stretching for 640 km. (400 miles) in a belt roughly parallel to the heads of the Baffin Bay fiords (Map 1). [...]

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