L'étude de l'implication du créancier dans les procédures collectives met en exergue un problème central : celui du rôle du créancier dans le déroulement des différentes procédures de traitement des difficultés de l'entreprise instituées aussi bien en droit français qu'en droit de l'OHADA. Dans ces deux systèmes juridiques, l'octroi de nombreuses prérogatives, de diverses actions et de quelques privilèges à ce protagoniste dans la marche de toutes les procédures favorise sa participation au rétablissement de son débiteur personne physique – personne morale défaillant.Sur un tout autre plan, si la réalité de cette implication est indéniable, il est toutefois nécessaire de rappeler que cette implication du créancier est assortie de deux principales contraintes : une contrainte relative à l'organisation collective des procédures et une contrainte relative aux impératifs économiques. En tout état de cause, l'enjeu de cette étude de nature comparative est d'inviter le législateur communautaire africain à s'inspirer des institutions (ou solutions) édictées par son homologue français et vice-versa dans la perspective de faire du créancier, dans chaque système juridique, un acteur incontournable pour le traitement des difficultés d'une entreprise. / The research on the involvement of the creditor in bankruptcy procedures reveals a main problem: the role of the creditor in various procedures of treatment of the difficulties of company created by French system and OHADA system. In these two legal systems, different actions, rights and some favour given to the creditor during the bankruptcy procedures supports its intervention for the safeguard of its debtor in crisis. The involvement of the creditor is evident, however the involvement of the creditor is supplied by two principal constraints: constraints focus on the collective organization of the procedures and constraints focus on economic necessities.The stake of this comparative research is to invite African lawmaker to observe the solutions enacted by the French lawmaker and vice versa in order to make the creditor an important actor for the resolution of the difficulties of company in each legal system.

A bill of Exchange was originally used as payment instrument. Recently, it is mostly used as securing instrument. This purpose was mainly evolved by legal practice and its legislation could be problematic and unclear for laymen. The main aim of this thesis is to analyze a bill of exchange as a securing instrument. Further attention is paid to the function of payment. However, the bill of exchange and check are both regulated in identical law, so to some of its institutes I also describe a checks. The main attention of my thesis is devoted to the securing purpose of the bill of exchange. There I describe the specifics of this instrument in the comparison of other civil securing instruments. Due to this contrast, it can be said, that the bill of exchange gives the creditor some significant advantage on one hand, but finds some insuperable limits on the other hand. My thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter describes the historical development of bills of exchange and check, and the circumstances under which these institutions were created. The second chapter deals with the exchange and check law, their rules, the systematic inclusion of this branch of law and the basic peculiarities are defined. The third chapter is devoted to a general definition of the bill of exchange, describes...