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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Determina??o do coeficiente de decaimento bacteriano em wetland - alagado constru?do

Beda, Juliana Neves 22 September 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:03:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JulianaNB_DISSERT.pdf: 2108811 bytes, checksum: 64901769c8cad295e07db6f5d00d5314 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Wetlands systems are considered nowadays as a treatment method that uses simple, easy operation and low cost technology, which has been used in various parts of the world and also in Brazil. Used alone or as a complement to other types of treatment systems, once it effectively removes nutrients, pathogens and other pollutants in the water. Due to the high complexity found in wetlands, making it difficult to predict the response of the system to treat wastewater, one should consider as ideal to base the sizing of the wetland system over the necessary removal of this parameter instead of scaling it from empiricism. The study was conducted to determine the coefficient of bacterial decrease in the Wetland unit located at Ponta Negra Station Sewage Treatment, located in Natal, the coastal region of Rio Grande do Norte. The most representative model to determine the bacterial decrease in this system was the one from Chick for hydraulic piston system. Kb of 0.37 d-1 were found for the flow rate of 15m?/d, while for the system operating at maximum design flow, 30m?/d, the Kb of 0.98 d-1 was found / Os sistemas Wetlands -alagados constru?dos- s?o considerados atualmente como um m?todo de tratamento que utiliza tecnologia simples, de f?cil opera??o e custo baixo, que tem sido utilizado em v?rias partes do mundo, bem como no Brasil. Utilizado isoladamente ou como complemento de outros tipos de sistemas de tratamento, uma vez que remove eficientemente nutrientes, outros poluentes e pat?genos presentes na ?gua. Devido ? alta complexidade encontrada nos alagados constru?dos, dificultando a previs?o da resposta do sistema ao tratar efluentes, deve-se considerar como ideal basear o dimensionamento do sistema wetland em rela??o a necess?ria remo??o deste par?metro ao inv?s de dimension?-lo a partir de empirismo. Foi realizado o estudo para a determina??o do coeficiente de decaimento bacteriano na unidade Wetland localizada na Esta??o de Tratamento de Esgotos Ponta Negra, situado na cidade de Natal, regi?o litor?nea do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. O modelo mais representativo para determinar o decaimento bacteriano neste sistema foi o de Chick para regime hidr?ulico em pist?o. Foram encontrados Kb de 0,37 d-1 para vaz?o 15m?/d. J? para o sistema funcionando a vaz?o m?xima de projeto, 30m?/d, obteve-se o Kb de 0,98 d-1
2

Decaimento bacteriano em lagoas de estabiliza??o no Nordeste brasileiro

Torres, Dayana Melo 17 June 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:03:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DayanaMT_DISSERT.pdf: 5461193 bytes, checksum: e14ad35e988326c6b2deb98ea1ef274e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-17 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Stabilization pond system consisting in more sewage treatment used in Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brazil, representing about 90% of all systems. Fecal bacteria are removed mainly facultative ponds and in maturation ponds. Many factors influence bacterial decay, such as the levels of pH and DO, temperature, light intensity, HDT and nutrient availability. The bacterial decay rate (Kb) is calculated considering many variables, but the hydraulic regime is a significant influence for microorganisms removal, and the dispersed flow which best characterizes a stabilization pond. However, some authors developed equations for the Kb accordant plug flow and complete mixing. This research study aimed to evaluate the bacterial decay of fecal coliform and Enterococcus sp. in stabilization ponds designed to treat domestic sewage, full-scale, in RN. All systems have assessed pretreatment, a facultative pond (LF) followed by two maturation (LM1 and LM2). The parameters availed were: temperature, pH, DO, BOD5, COD, fecal coliform, Enterococcus sp., Chlorophyll a, total suspended solids, fixed and volatile. In general, there were not significant differences for pH, DO and temperature in the ponds, except for the new systems, since they have low flow and hydraulic loads. The removal of organic matter in the ponds was low, about 70%, and nearly all are overloaded organic and operational problems. The bacterial removals were low, with average 96% for LF for fecal coliform, and 98% for Enterococcus sp.; LM1 were in itself a removal for fecal coliform about 71%, and 81% for Enterococcus sp.; LM2 have efficiency of 69% for fecal coliform, and 68% for Enterococcus sp. The equation proposed by Von Sperling (1999), according to the dispersed flow regime, generated empirical values of Kb more approximate to calculated values of Kb. On average, the calculated Kb to coliforms in the LF was 0.31 d-1, and for both maturation ponds were 0.35 d-1. For Enterococcus sp. the average was 0.40 d-1 for LF, 0.55 d-1 for LM1, and 0.58 d-1 for LM2. These results also showed that the Kb obtained in full-scale systems are smaller than those found in pilot-scale ponds. Moreover, one can say that the equation proposed by Marais (1974), according to the complete-mix regime, overestimates Kb. Actual results of Kb indicated that fecal coliforms are more resistant to adverse conditions present in stabilization ponds than Enterococcus sp., therefore, an indicator of microbiological safety and efficiency. The factors significant interventions in the rate of bacterial decay were concentrations of COD, the organic loading and HDT. The few Kb relationship between pH, DO and temperature were not significant. Finally, we conclude that it s essential to correct operation and maintenance, for not performing these activities is one of the main factors contributing to low rates of bacterial decay. / Lagoas de estabiliza??o consistem no sistema de tratamento de esgotos mais utilizado no Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brasil, correspondendo a cerca de 90% de todos os sistemas. As bact?rias fecais s?o removidas principalmente nas lagoas facultativas e de matura??o. Muitos fatores influenciam no decaimento de bact?rias, como: os n?veis de pH e OD, temperatura, intensidade luminosa, TDH e disponibilidade de alimento. A taxa de decaimento bacteriano (Kb) ? calculada a partir de muitas vari?veis, mas o regime hidr?ulico possui significativa influ?ncia na remo??o de microorganismos, sendo o de fluxo disperso o que melhor caracteriza uma lagoa de estabiliza??o. Todavia, alguns autores elaboraram equa??es para o Kb conforme o regime de mistura completa. Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o decaimento bacteriano de coliformes termotolerantes e Enterococcus sp. em lagoas de estabiliza??o destinadas ao tratamento de esgotos dom?sticos, em escala real, no RN. Todos os sistemas avaliados possuem tratamento preliminar, uma lagoa facultativa (LF), seguida de duas de matura??o (LM1 e LM2). Os par?metros avaliados foram: temperatura, pH, OD, DBO5, DQO, coliformes termotolerantes, Enterococcus sp., clorofila a, s?lidos em suspens?o totais, fixos e vol?teis. N?o foram identificadas diferen?as significativas entre os valores de pH, OD e temperatura nas lagoas, exceto para os sistemas mais novos, j? que eles possuem baixas vaz?es e cargas hidr?ulicas. A remo??o de mat?ria org?nica nos sistemas de tratamento foi baixa, cerca de 70%, e praticamente todas est?o com sobrecarga org?nica e com problemas operacionais. As remo??es bacterianas tamb?m foram baixas, com m?dia para as LF de 96% para coliformes termotolerantes, e de 98% para Enterococcus sp.; nas LM1 obteve-se remo??o para coliformes termotolerantes de 71%, e para Enterococcus sp. de 81%; e, nas LM2 a efici?ncia foi de 69% para coliformes termotolerantes e de 68% para Enterococcus sp. A equa??o proposta por Von Sperling (1999), segundo o regime de fluxo disperso, foi a que gerou valores de Kb emp?ricos mais aproximados dos valores de Kb calculados a partir de dados reais. Em m?dia, o Kb calculado com base nos dados reais para coliformes termotolerantes nas LF foi de 0,31 d-1, e em ambas as lagoas de matura??o foram de 0,35 d-1. Para Enterococcus sp. a m?dia nas LF foi de 0,40 d-1, nas LM1 foi igual a 0,55 d-1, e nas LM2 de 0,58 d-1. Esses resultados tamb?m demonstraram que os Kb obtidos em sistemas em escala real s?o menores do que os verificados em lagoas em escala piloto. Al?m disso, pode-se afirmar que a equa??o proposta por Marais (1974), segundo o regime de mistura completa, superestima o Kb. Os resultados dos Kb calculados indicaram que os coliformes termotolerantes s?o mais resistentes ?s condi??es adversas presentes em lagoas de estabiliza??o do que os Enterococcus sp., sendo, portanto, um indicador microbiol?gico mais eficiente e seguro. Os fatores de significativa interven??o na taxa de decaimento bacteriano foram as concentra??es de DQO, a carga org?nica e o TDH. As poucas rela??es existentes entre Kb com pH, OD e temperatura n?o foram estatisticamente significativas. Por fim, conclui-se que ? fundamental a opera??o e manuten??o corretas, pois a n?o realiza??o dessas atividades consiste em um dos principais fatores que contribuem para as baixas taxas de decaimento bacteriano.

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