Restoration entails the development of a plan consisting of opening or closing of switches, which is called reconfiguration. This dissertation proposes the design of a fast and efficient service restoration with a load shedding method for land-based and ship systems, considering priority of customers and several other system operating constraints. Existing methods, based on centralized restoration schemes that require a powerful central computer, may lead to a single point of failure. This research uses a decentralized scheme based on agents. A group of agents created to realize a specific goal by their interactions is called a Multi-Agent System (MAS). Agents and their behaviors are developed in Java Agent DEvelopment Framework (JADE) and the power system is simulated in the Virtual Test Bed (VTB). The large-scale introduction of Distributed Generators (DGs) in distribution systems has made it increasingly necessary to develop restoration schemes considering DG. The separation of utility causes the system to decompose into electrically isolated islands with generation and load imbalance that can have severe consequences. Automated load shedding schemes are essential for systems with DGs, since the disconnection of the utility can lead to instability much faster than an operator intervention can repair. Load shedding may be the only option to maintain the island when conditions are so severe as to require correction by restoration schemes. Few algorithms have been reported for the problem of maintaining the island, even though load shedding has been reported for power systems using underrequency and under-voltage criteria. This research proposes a new operational strategy for sudden generator-load imbalance due to loss of utility that dynamically calculates the quantity of load to be shed for each island and the quantity of load that can be restored. Results presented in this dissertation are among the first to demonstrate a state-of-the-art MAS for load shedding under islanded conditions and restoration of the shed loads. The load shedding and restoration schemes developed here have behaviors that can incorporate most of the distribution topologies. Achieving service restoration with DG is complicated but new automated switch technologies and communications make MAS a better scheme than existing schemes.

Orientador: Jose Roberto Sanches Mantovani / Banca: Rubén Augusto Romero Lázaro / Banca: Marcos Julio Rider Flores / Banca: Roberto de Souza Salgado / Banca: Ivan Nunes da Silva / Resumo: Nesta pesquisa tem-se por objetivo resolver de forma descentralizada os problemas de despacho e planejamento ótimo de fontes de potência reativa (POVAr) no contexto de sistemas com múltiplas áreas ou regiões interligadas. Na solução descentralizada o problema de otimização é dividido em subproblemas associados a cada área. Os operadores regionais resolvem, coordenadamente, subproblemas de menor dimensão utilizando os dados de rede de suas áreas e informações de fronteira associadas às linhas de interligação. Para conseguir este objetivo, esta pesquisa está dividida em 4 etapas principais: i) formalizar os problemas de planejamento e de despacho ótimo de potência reativa, ii) determinar a viabilidade da aplicação de duas diferentes técnicas de decomposição para resolver o problema de despacho ótimo de potência reativa multi-área, iii) propor várias metodologias para lidar com variáveis discretas no problema de despacho e planejamento ótimo de potência reativa em SEP multi-área, e iv) propor um método de análise multi-área para o problema de planejamento ótimo de reativos sob contingências. Para mostrar o funcionamento e a eficiência das metodologias propostas, vários sistemas multi-áreas são utilizados: o sistema IEEE RTS-96 com 3 e 5 áreas e um sistema interligado conformado por 3 áreas do sistema IEES RTS-96 e duas áreas do sistema IEEE de 118 barras / Abstract: This research has been aimed at solving the decentralized problem of reactive power sources optimal planning (VAr planning) in the context of systems with multiple interconnected areas. In the decentralized solution, the optimization problem is divided into subproblems associated with each area. The regional operators solve, coordinately, smaller subproblems using the network data from their areas and border information associated with the tie-lines. To propose a method to the decentralized VAr planning problem, four basic aspects are covered. First, formalize the problems of planning and optimal dispatch of reactive power. Second, the viability of applying two different decomposition techniques to solve the problem of optimal reactive power dispatch, as well as its convergence properties, are analyzed. Third, several techniques for handling discrete variables in the decentralized VAr planning problem are proposed and tested. Fourth, a decentralized approach to the VAr planning under contingency in multi-area systems is provided. To show the operation and efficiency of the proposed methodologies, several multi-area systems are used: the IEEE RTS-96 system with 3 and 5 areas and an interconnected system formed by three areas of the IEEE RTS-96 and two areas of the IEEE 118 bus system / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-06-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:06:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 granadaecheverri_m_dr_ilha.pdf: 1034987 bytes, checksum: 0830ef0e1369761b1aceecd4131f8f78 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / PROPG - Programa de Pós-Graduação / Nesta pesquisa tem-se por objetivo resolver de forma descentralizada os problemas de despacho e planejamento ótimo de fontes de potência reativa (POVAr) no contexto de sistemas com múltiplas áreas ou regiões interligadas. Na solução descentralizada o problema de otimização é dividido em subproblemas associados a cada área. Os operadores regionais resolvem, coordenadamente, subproblemas de menor dimensão utilizando os dados de rede de suas áreas e informações de fronteira associadas às linhas de interligação. Para conseguir este objetivo, esta pesquisa está dividida em 4 etapas principais: i) formalizar os problemas de planejamento e de despacho ótimo de potência reativa, ii) determinar a viabilidade da aplicação de duas diferentes técnicas de decomposição para resolver o problema de despacho ótimo de potência reativa multi-área, iii) propor várias metodologias para lidar com variáveis discretas no problema de despacho e planejamento ótimo de potência reativa em SEP multi-área, e iv) propor um método de análise multi-área para o problema de planejamento ótimo de reativos sob contingências. Para mostrar o funcionamento e a eficiência das metodologias propostas, vários sistemas multi-áreas são utilizados: o sistema IEEE RTS-96 com 3 e 5 áreas e um sistema interligado conformado por 3 áreas do sistema IEES RTS-96 e duas áreas do sistema IEEE de 118 barras / This research has been aimed at solving the decentralized problem of reactive power sources optimal planning (VAr planning) in the context of systems with multiple interconnected areas. In the decentralized solution, the optimization problem is divided into subproblems associated with each area. The regional operators solve, coordinately, smaller subproblems using the network data from their areas and border information associated with the tie-lines. To propose a method to the decentralized VAr planning problem, four basic aspects are covered. First, formalize the problems of planning and optimal dispatch of reactive power. Second, the viability of applying two different decomposition techniques to solve the problem of optimal reactive power dispatch, as well as its convergence properties, are analyzed. Third, several techniques for handling discrete variables in the decentralized VAr planning problem are proposed and tested. Fourth, a decentralized approach to the VAr planning under contingency in multi-area systems is provided. To show the operation and efficiency of the proposed methodologies, several multi-area systems are used: the IEEE RTS-96 system with 3 and 5 areas and an interconnected system formed by three areas of the IEEE RTS-96 and two areas of the IEEE 118 bus system