Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:58:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_acylena_coelho_costa.pdf: 17243813 bytes, checksum: 4e0bfb168704066e48b9ede5869e7556 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-11-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present thesis concerns to a study of diagnosis character, which intention was to investigate the knowledge of universitary students about the function concept. The data analysis was based in Tall and Vinner theory about image and definition concepts constituted in the formation of the student scientific thought. It was analyzed the knowledge of eight students of the Mathematics course, who study at Universidade do Estado do Pará, enrolled in the discipline Calculo I. The data, obtained by the application of a questionary and by carrying out some interventions, were compared with others of similar researches (national and international ones). It was indicated that there were elements compounding image and definition concepts of researched subjects about function concept, which were not coherently related to the formal concept and with some similarity with those of the subjects investigated in the other researches / O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo de caráter diagnóstico, cujo intuito foi investigar conhecimentos de estudantes universitários sobre o conceito de função. A análise dos dados norteou-se pela teoria de Tall e Vinner sobre conceitos imagem e definição constituídos na formação do pensamento científico do estudante. Foram analisados os conhecimentos de oito estudantes do curso de Licenciatura em Matemática de uma Universidade pública do Estado do Pará, que cursavam a disciplina Cálculo I. Os dados foram obtidos pela aplicação de um questionário e realização de intervenções e foram confrontados com os de pesquisas similares (nacionais e internacionais). Houve indicações de que havia elementos compondo os conceitos imagem e definição dos sujeitos pesquisados sobre o conceito de função, não coerentemente relacionados ao formal e, com alguma similaridade com os dos sujeitos investigados nas outras pesquisas

Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-27T19:13:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Ana Paula Goncalves da Fonte.pdf: 3610212 bytes, checksum: 6f01dc19dac3d3b4759b3ef10be9c017 (MD5) Ana Paula Goncalves da Fonte.pdf.jpg: 3402 bytes, checksum: 82d9444711460fe1d0705b7e124f8eb3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper features, as its central investigation focus the contributions that Problem Resolution methodology, allied to the building of Image and Definition Concepts, offer to the learning and teaching process of concepts of Combinative Analysis, through a qualitative research, adopting the following methodological procedures: interactive observation in the classroom and work field diary of the teacher-researcher. The research has been developed with 35 students of the sixth semester Math full licentiate course at Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Rio Grande do Sul state, (PUCRS), Uruguaiana campus, on the second semester of 2008. The activities in the classroom followed the steps of problem resolution suggested by Onuchic (1999): Set groups, reading and teacher questions about the problems, taking notes of the results on the chalk board, plenary, consensus and concept formalization. The analysis of the resolutions presented by the students proved the contributions of this teaching strategy choice, for the growing of the Math thought can be proved. That means, the merge of the resolution problem methodology to the building of the concept image and definition give the teacher a more realistic view of the knowledge acquiring process by the student, allowing the teacher to know where there should be the readjustment of the activities adopted and the beginning of new topics. / Este trabalho apresenta como foco central de investigação as contribuições que a metodologia de resolução de problemas, aliada a construção dos conceitos imagem e definição oferecem ao processo de ensino e aprendizagem de conceitos de Análise Combinatória, por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa, adotando os seguintes procedimentos metodológicos: observação participante em sala de aula e diário de campo da professora-pesquisadora. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com 35 alunos do sexto semestre do curso de licenciatura plena em matemática da PUCRS-Câmpus de Uruguaiana, no segundo semestre de 2008. As atividades em sala de aula seguiram os passos da resolução de problemas., sugeridos por Onuchic (1999): Formar grupos, leitura e questionamentos do professor sobre o problema, anotação dos resultados no quadro de giz, plenária, consenso e formalização do conceito. A análise das resoluções apresentadas pelos alunos comprovaram as contribuições desta escolha de estratégia de ensino, pois o crescimento do pensar matemático pode ser comprovado. Ou seja, a união da metodologia de resolução de problemas a construção de conceito imagem e definição propiciam a professora uma visão mais real do processo aquisição do conhecimento do aluno, possibilitando ao professor saber onde deveria haver a reestruturação das atividades adotadas e o início de novos assuntos. Palavras-chave: Resolu

Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-27T19:13:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Alex Sandro Gomes Leao.pdf: 5133562 bytes, checksum: 050b6ebe85a025a051b0d2cc2c3e34fa (MD5) Alex Sandro Gomes Leao.pdf.jpg: 3613 bytes, checksum: b31ddb5ca258175b790c2ef0cada1aed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper has as an aim the invstigation about the possibilities that Problem Resolution methodology offers to the teaching and learning process of the function concepts in an elementary school eighth grade group. The justification is supported on the fact of adopting a methodology of teaching which is able to offer to students a contact with day-by-day problems, allowing the development of resolution, interpretation and analysis of the results obtained. The research has been developed with a qualitative and quantitative approach, based on data collected through an interactive observation of the activities proposed, as well as the documents produced by the students. Having as basis the theoretical presuppositions that characterize the concept of image and the concept of definition, on particular reflections and on the research goals, the data analysis has been established. This analysis enabled to prove that the Problem Resolution methodology has enabled the comprehension of the concepts of functions and its properties, as well as the skill development of problem resolution. Through analysis it was also possible to realize a change in the students‟ attitude during the investigation. The work has arisen interest and motivation to the study of functions. It is also possible to conclude that group work strategy has allowed the creation of a discussion, reflection and argumentation environment, that is, it has generated a favorable environment to Math learning. / Este trabalho tem como foco a investigação sobre as possibilidades que a metodologia de Resolução de Problemas oferece ao processo de ensino e aprendizagem dos conceitos de funções em uma turma de oitava série do ensino fundamental. A justificativa sustenta-se no fato de poder adotar uma metodologia de ensino capaz de oferecer aos alunos o contato com problemas do dia a dia, possibilitando o desenvolvimento de capacidade de resolução, de análise e interpretação dos resultados obtidos. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa , com base em dados coletados por meio da observação participante das atividades propostas e dos documentos produzidos pelos alunos.Tendo como base os pressupostos teóricos que caracterizam o conceito imagem e conceito definição, em reflexões próprias e nos objetivos da pesquisa estabeleceu-se a análise dos dados. Por essa análise pôde-se comprovar que a metodologia de Resolução de Problemas possibilitou a compreensão dos conceitos de funções e de suas propriedades, bem como o desenvolvimento de habilidades de resolução de problemas.Com a análise percebeu-se também mudanças de atitudes dos alunos durante a investigação, que tinha despertado o interesse e motivação para estudar o conteúdo de funções. Pode-se concluir também que a estratégia proposta de trabalhar em grupo, permitiu a criação de um ambiente de discussão, reflexão e argumentação, ou seja, gerou um ambiente favorável à aprendizagem da matemática.

Aim: The principal aim of this qualitative research study is to gain a clearer understanding of oppression as experienced by People with Learning Disabilities (PWLD). In particular, this study investigated: 1) the nature of oppression - the typical kinds of oppression PWLD face during the course of their everyday lives; 2) the causes of their oppressive experiences: 3) the impact these oppressive experiences can have on their quality of life; and 4) their reaction - the strategies PWLD employ to prevent further oppression. Rationale: Despite policies of deinstitutionalisation since the 1980s, many PWLD have not found social integration easy and continue to endure oppressive experiences in community-based settings. The nature/extent of this social problem has often been overlooked by researchers and practitioners. Methods: This research was conducted using interpretive phenomenology as a methodology; an approach which influenced the study’s design, method of data collection and strategy for analysing the rich qualitative findings. Semi-structured interviews were carried out across two sample populations; a group of PWLD (N=11) and a group of community-based practitioners/carers (N=11). The participants were selected through purposive sampling and the qualitative data was analysed using a specific Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) process. Findings: PWLD remain a deeply oppressed social group. Respondents reported experiencing multiple forms of oppression, which seem to interact in complex ways and be present throughout the course of their lives. The two key super-ordinate themes (most dominant forms of oppression experienced by PWLD) emerging from the process of IPA appear to be: 1) The life-long effects of marginalisation (social exclusion, powerlessness and existing as a socio-economic underclass) and 2) Multiple forms of victimisation (coping with exploitation, intimidation and abuse, both overt and subtle, from the public, family members and at times practitioners). Respondents believe that the underlying cause of their oppressive experiences is society’s negative perception. Negative attitudes and beliefs arise from oppressive social forces such as: the use of diagnostic labels, segregated special needs education and limited opportunities for employment. These are experiences which respondents assert often do little more than spoil their social identity as human beings. Conclusion: The findings confirm that PWLD living in the community continue to encounter negative social experiences which are pervasive. This research attempts to draw together and make sense of these experiences in terms of the concept of oppression. Through gaining a clearer understanding of the marginalised and victimised status of PWLD policy makers will be more informed about how to respond to their social and economic needs, and in turn help alleviate their experiences of oppression.