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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The dynamics of soil degradation and incentives for optimal management in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia

Tizale, Chilot Yirga. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)(Agricultural Economics)--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Includes summary. Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.
2

Spatial and temporal extent of land degradation in a communal landscape of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa /

Bangamwabo, Victor Mugabo. January 2009 (has links)
Thesis (M.Sc.) - University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2009. / Full text also available online. Scroll down for electronic link.
3

Modelling nutrient erosion by wind and water in northern Burkina Faso /

Visser, Saskia M., January 2004 (has links)
Thesis (doctoral)--Wageningen University, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references.
4

The economics of land degradation theory and applications to Lesotho /

Bojö, Jan. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (doctoral)--Stockholm School of Economics, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references.
5

Predicting nitrogen mineralization from soil organic matter - a chimera? /

Herrmann, Anke, January 2003 (has links) (PDF)
Diss. (sammanfattning). Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2003. / Härtill 3 uppsatser.
6

Effects of land use changes on soil quality and native flora degradation and restoration in the highlands of Ethiopia : implications for sustainable land management /

Mulugeta Lemenih, January 2004 (has links) (PDF)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2004. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
7

Nitrogênio e enxofre na implantação do capim-Marandu em substituição ao capim-Braquiária em degradação num solo com baixa matéria orgânica / Nitrogen and sulfur for Marandu grass establishment in replacing signal grass under degradation in a low organic matter soil

Batista, Karina 29 September 2006 (has links)
A deficiência de nitrogênio tem sido apontada como uma das principais causas da degradação de pastagens, mas o suprimento de enxofre também é relevante nessa situação. Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos das combinações entre doses de nitrogênio e de enxofre em características produtivas, fisiológicas e nutricionais da planta e nos atributos químicos do solo, na implantação do capim-Marandu (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) em Neossolo Quartzarenico proveniente de área de capim-Braquiária (Brachiaria decumbens) em degradação, com baixo teor de matéria orgânica. O experimento foi conduzido em casa-de-vegetação, em Piracicaba, Estado de São Paulo, no período de dezembro de 2004 a abril de 2005. Utilizou-se esquema fatorial 52 fracionado, com 13 combinações para as doses de nitrogênio e enxofre, em mg dm-3: 0-0; 0-20; 0-40; 100-10; 100-30; 200-0; 200-20; 200-40; 300-10; 300-30; 400-0; 400- 20 e 400-40, as quais foram distribuídas em delineamento estatístico de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Foram realizados três cortes nas plantas e a cada corte era coletada uma amostra de solo de cada unidade experimental. Após o terceiro corte as raízes foram separadas do solo e tiveram o comprimento e a superfície avaliados. Os resultados demonstraram que o fornecimento de nitrogênio foi fundamental para o crescimento inicial e adequado estabelecimento do capim-Marandu. Quando o nitrogênio foi fornecido em altas doses foi necessário cuidar do fornecimento de enxofre para a maximização da produção do capim- Marandu, bem como para o valor SPAD, a concentração de nitrogênio e de enxofre nas lâminas de folhas recém-expandidas e parte aérea e para a relação N:S na parte aérea. O valor SPAD refletiu diretamente a concentração de nitrogênio nas lâminas de folhas recém-expandidas do capim. O nitrogênio foi determinante para a maximização da massa seca de raízes, do comprimento do sistema radicular, da relação nitrogênio e enxofre no sistema radicular do capim- Marandu e dos teores de nitrato e amônio no solo suportando o capim-Marandu. A aplicação de enxofre proporcionou aumento da concentração de enxofre na parte aérea e no sistema radicular do capim, e dos teores de sulfato e enxofre total no solo com a presença do capim. A relação adequada entre as doses de nitrogênio e de enxofre para a maximização das características produtivas do capim-Marandu esteve no intervalo entre doses de 8:1 a 11:1. / Nitrogen deficiency has been mentioned as one of the main reasons for pasture degradation, but sulphur supply also is considerable in such cases. The objective was to evaluate the effects of combinations between nitrogen and sulphur rates in productive, physiological and nutritional plant characteristics and in some soil parameters at the establishment of Marandu grass in Typic Quartzipsamment with low organic matter concentration taken from a degrading Signal grass pasture. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, at Piracicaba, Satate of São Paulo, Brazil, from December 2004 to April 2005. A fractionated 52 factorial was used, with 13 combinations for the nitrogen and sulfur rates, in mg dm-3: 0-0; 0-20; 0-40; 100-10; 100-30; 200- 0; 200-20; 200-40; 300-10; 300-30; 400-0; 400-20 e 400-40, which were set in a randomized block design, with four replications. Plants were harvested three times, and at each harvest a soil sample was taken from each experimental unit. Following the third harvest, roots were separated from the soil and their length and surface were measured. The results showed that nitrogen supply was essential for the initial growth and adequate establishment of Marandu grass. When nitrogen was supplied at high rates, it was necessary a special care with sulphur supply to maximize dry matter yield, SPAD value, nitrogen and sulphur concentrations in the newly expanded leaves and plant tops and N:S ratio in plant tops. SPAD value was directly related to nitrogen concentration in the newly expanded leaves. Nitrogen was also decisive for maximizing roots dry weight and length, N:S ratio in the roots, and nitrate and ammonium in the soil with the grass. Sulphur application resulted in increase in the sulphur concentration in the grass tops and roots, and in the sulphate and total sulphur in the soil supporting the grass. Adequate ratio between nitrogen and sulphur rates to maximize the productive characteristics of Marandu grass was in the range of 8:1 a 11:1.
8

Nitrogênio e enxofre na implantação do capim-Marandu em substituição ao capim-Braquiária em degradação num solo com baixa matéria orgânica / Nitrogen and sulfur for Marandu grass establishment in replacing signal grass under degradation in a low organic matter soil

Karina Batista 29 September 2006 (has links)
A deficiência de nitrogênio tem sido apontada como uma das principais causas da degradação de pastagens, mas o suprimento de enxofre também é relevante nessa situação. Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos das combinações entre doses de nitrogênio e de enxofre em características produtivas, fisiológicas e nutricionais da planta e nos atributos químicos do solo, na implantação do capim-Marandu (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) em Neossolo Quartzarenico proveniente de área de capim-Braquiária (Brachiaria decumbens) em degradação, com baixo teor de matéria orgânica. O experimento foi conduzido em casa-de-vegetação, em Piracicaba, Estado de São Paulo, no período de dezembro de 2004 a abril de 2005. Utilizou-se esquema fatorial 52 fracionado, com 13 combinações para as doses de nitrogênio e enxofre, em mg dm-3: 0-0; 0-20; 0-40; 100-10; 100-30; 200-0; 200-20; 200-40; 300-10; 300-30; 400-0; 400- 20 e 400-40, as quais foram distribuídas em delineamento estatístico de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Foram realizados três cortes nas plantas e a cada corte era coletada uma amostra de solo de cada unidade experimental. Após o terceiro corte as raízes foram separadas do solo e tiveram o comprimento e a superfície avaliados. Os resultados demonstraram que o fornecimento de nitrogênio foi fundamental para o crescimento inicial e adequado estabelecimento do capim-Marandu. Quando o nitrogênio foi fornecido em altas doses foi necessário cuidar do fornecimento de enxofre para a maximização da produção do capim- Marandu, bem como para o valor SPAD, a concentração de nitrogênio e de enxofre nas lâminas de folhas recém-expandidas e parte aérea e para a relação N:S na parte aérea. O valor SPAD refletiu diretamente a concentração de nitrogênio nas lâminas de folhas recém-expandidas do capim. O nitrogênio foi determinante para a maximização da massa seca de raízes, do comprimento do sistema radicular, da relação nitrogênio e enxofre no sistema radicular do capim- Marandu e dos teores de nitrato e amônio no solo suportando o capim-Marandu. A aplicação de enxofre proporcionou aumento da concentração de enxofre na parte aérea e no sistema radicular do capim, e dos teores de sulfato e enxofre total no solo com a presença do capim. A relação adequada entre as doses de nitrogênio e de enxofre para a maximização das características produtivas do capim-Marandu esteve no intervalo entre doses de 8:1 a 11:1. / Nitrogen deficiency has been mentioned as one of the main reasons for pasture degradation, but sulphur supply also is considerable in such cases. The objective was to evaluate the effects of combinations between nitrogen and sulphur rates in productive, physiological and nutritional plant characteristics and in some soil parameters at the establishment of Marandu grass in Typic Quartzipsamment with low organic matter concentration taken from a degrading Signal grass pasture. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, at Piracicaba, Satate of São Paulo, Brazil, from December 2004 to April 2005. A fractionated 52 factorial was used, with 13 combinations for the nitrogen and sulfur rates, in mg dm-3: 0-0; 0-20; 0-40; 100-10; 100-30; 200- 0; 200-20; 200-40; 300-10; 300-30; 400-0; 400-20 e 400-40, which were set in a randomized block design, with four replications. Plants were harvested three times, and at each harvest a soil sample was taken from each experimental unit. Following the third harvest, roots were separated from the soil and their length and surface were measured. The results showed that nitrogen supply was essential for the initial growth and adequate establishment of Marandu grass. When nitrogen was supplied at high rates, it was necessary a special care with sulphur supply to maximize dry matter yield, SPAD value, nitrogen and sulphur concentrations in the newly expanded leaves and plant tops and N:S ratio in plant tops. SPAD value was directly related to nitrogen concentration in the newly expanded leaves. Nitrogen was also decisive for maximizing roots dry weight and length, N:S ratio in the roots, and nitrate and ammonium in the soil with the grass. Sulphur application resulted in increase in the sulphur concentration in the grass tops and roots, and in the sulphate and total sulphur in the soil supporting the grass. Adequate ratio between nitrogen and sulphur rates to maximize the productive characteristics of Marandu grass was in the range of 8:1 a 11:1.
9

Expansão sucroalcooleira e disputa pelo uso do solo no Sudoeste de Goiás / Sugarcane expansion and dispute over soil use in the Southwest of Goiás

Leal, Liliane Vieira Martins 31 March 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2015-12-04T13:55:39Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Liliane Vieira Martins Leal - 2015.pdf: 4421093 bytes, checksum: 1f7342d2b711dd8f10dfdf7efd902eab (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2015-12-04T13:56:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Liliane Vieira Martins Leal - 2015.pdf: 4421093 bytes, checksum: 1f7342d2b711dd8f10dfdf7efd902eab (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-04T13:56:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Liliane Vieira Martins Leal - 2015.pdf: 4421093 bytes, checksum: 1f7342d2b711dd8f10dfdf7efd902eab (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-31 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / The action of the Federal Government, embodied in development policies from l970s, boosted the modernization and industrialization of regions considered marginal to the country's development axis. The state of Goiás benefits from public instruments and consolidates its socioeconomic dynamics in grain production and more recently in the meat complex. Intra and extrassetorials relations are outlined according to the implementation of the soy complex, which boosted in recent decades, regional agroindustrialization. In this setting, the action of the Federal Government subsidies and tax incentives from yhe state of Goiás allies o social, economic and climate conditions, imposed formation of a new economic field: the sugaralcohol. The sugarcane expansion in Southwest Goiás, notably, from 2005, triggers a processo of dispute for land use between social agencies involved in the field of power, with developments in the socioeconomic and environmental dynamics. Thus, the inclusion in grain production, promotes the territorial conflict between the two production segments: grain and sugarcane. Such situation favors the formation of conflicting arenas in which social agents use available weapons to them (material power and symbolic), to appropriate or dominate the productive space. In this context, it was analyzed the relationships/interactions among social agencies involved in the field of power, from the theoretical and methodological framework of field theory and its developments in the socioeconomic dynamics. In the environmental context, the research includes an analysis of the degradation of the physical structure of soils cultivated with sugarcane in the Southwest of Goiás. Therefore, prioritizes the qualitative approach, through the articulation of various research techniques in the collection of primary and secondary data, especially the bibliographical research, field and laboratory. It appears that the strategies used by social agents are able to impose a new conformation of the field of power, in which the industrial sector is configured as dominant player in the relations of power and domination against the resources available to it. Finally, there is the intensive and continuous use of soils cultivated with sugarcane, associated with inadequate management practices contributed to the change of soil attributes, showing a strong tendency to structural degradation and consequently environmental. / As ações do Governo Federal, consubstanciadas em políticas desenvolvimentistas, a partir da década de 1970, impulsionaram a modernização e industrialização de regiões consideradas marginalizadas ao eixo de desenvolvimento do país. O estado de Goiás beneficia-se dos instrumentos públicos e consolida sua dinâmica socioeconômica na produção de grãos e, mais recentemente, no complexo carnes. As relações intra e extrassetoriais são delineadas em função da implantação do complexo soja, que impulsionou, nas últimas décadas, a agroindustrialização regional. Nesse cenário, as ações do Governo Federal, os subsídios e incentivos fiscais do estado de Goiás aliados às condições sociais, econômicas e edafoclimáticas, impuseram a conformação de um novo campo econômico: o sucroalcooleiro. A expansão sucroalcooleira no Sudoeste de Goiás, notadamente, a partir do ano de 2005, desencadeia um processo de disputa pelo uso do solo entre os agentes sociais que participam do campo de poder, com desdobramentos na dinâmica socioeconômica e ambiental. Desse modo, a inserção de uma nova cultura num espaço com estrutura socioeconômica consolidada na produção de grãos, promove o embate territorial entre os dois segmentos produtivos: grãos e cana-de-açúcar. Tal conjuntura favorece a formação de arenas conflituosas, em que os agentes sociais utilizam-se das armas de que dispõem (poder material e simbólico), para apropriarem-se ou dominarem o espaço produtivo. Nesse contexto, analisaram-se as relações/interações entre os agentes sociais que participam do campo de poder, a partir do referencial teórico e metodológico da teoria dos campos e seus desdobramentos na dinâmica socioeconômica. No contexto ambiental, a pesquisa contempla uma análise da degradação da estrutura física de solos cultivados com cana-de-açúcar no Sudoeste de Goiás. Para tanto, prioriza-se a abordagem qualitativa, por meio da articulação de várias técnicas de pesquisa na coleta dos dados primários e secundários, especialmente, a pesquisa bibliográfica, documental, de campo e laboratorial. Constata-se que as estratégias utilizadas pelos agentes sociais são capazes de impor uma nova conformação do campo de poder, em que o segmento industrial configura-se como agente dominante nas relações de poder e dominação em função dos recursos de que dispõe. Por fim, verifica-se que o uso intensivo e contínuo de solos cultivados com cana-de-açúcar, associados às práticas de manejo inadequadas, contribuíram para a alteração dos atributos dos solos, evidenciando uma forte tendência à degradação estrutural e, consequentemente, ambiental.
10

Biologischer Abbau organischer Substanz bei unterschiedlichem Wassergehalt in einem Modellversuch

Birth, Volker 11 June 2019 (has links)
In der Landnutzung stellt die Bewertung der Versorgung mit organischer Bodensubstanz (OBS) eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Dabei wird der Einfluss der Bodenfeuchte aufgrund des globalen Klimawandels an Bedeutung gewinnen, da die Wasserverfügbarkeit Einfluss auf die Aktivität der bodenlebenden Mikroorganismen nimmt. Ziel der Arbeit waren daher Aussagen, inwieweit verschiedene Wassergehalte den biologischen Umsatz bei der Inkubation von Bodenproben mit unterschiedlicher Herkunft sowie organischer Düngung beeinflussen. In einem Modellversuch wurden Bodenproben ungedüngter Parzellen von drei deutschen Dauerfeldversuchen in einer zweifaktoriellen Blockanlage in Abhängigkeit von organischer Düngung (Weizenstroh, Stallmist) und Wassergehalt inkubiert. Die Experimente wurden in vier Feuchtigkeitsstufen mit 10, 40, 65 und 90 % der Feldkapazität über einen Zeitraum von 85 Tagen bei einer Temperatur von 25 °C realisiert. Zusätzlich sind vor und nach der Inkubation Thermogravimetrische Bodenanalysen (TGBA) durchgeführt worden. Die Ergebnisse belegen einen mit dem Wassergehalt steigenden C-Umsatz, da die Aktivität von aeroben Mikroorganismen bis zur Wassersättigung des Bodens zunimmt. Die Steigerung war bei Zugabe von Weizenstroh höher als bei Stallmist, ohne Düngerzusatz signifikant niedriger. Gleichzeitig änderte sich die Dynamik der Abbauprozesse. Durch besonders trockene Verhältnisse wurde die Umsetzung verzögert, zudem sank die Umsatzrate langsamer. Ein dauerhafter Einfluss des Standorts auf den Umsatz der Düngemittel war dagegen nicht nachweisbar. Der biologische Abbau im Inkubationsversuch veränderte darüber hinaus die thermische Zerfallsdynamik. Die größten Veränderungen wurden nach Zugabe von Stroh festgestellt. Nicht geklärt werden konnte, ob in Böden mit höherer Versorgung durch organische Substanz gleiche Ergebnisse erzielt werden können. / In land use, the assessment of the supply of organic soil matter (OBS) is a particular challenge. The influence of soil moisture on global climate change will become increasingly important, as water availability influences the activity of soil-living microorganisms. The aim of the work is therefore to determine the extent to which different water contents influence the biological turnover during the incubation of soil samples with different origins as well as organic fertilisation. In a model experiment, soil samples from unfertilized plots of three German long-time field experiments were incubated in a two-factor block facility depending on organic fertilization (wheat straw, manure) and water content. The experiments were carried out in four humidity levels with 10, 40, 65 and 90 % of the field capacity over a period of 85 days at a temperature of 25 °C. In addition, thermogravimetric soil analyses (TGBA) were performed before and after incubation. The results prove a C turnover increasing with the water content, since the activity of aerobic microorganisms increases until the water saturation of the soil. The increase was higher with the addition of wheat straw than with manure, without fertilizer significantly lower. At the same time, the dynamics of the degradation processes changed. Due to particularly dry conditions, conversion was delayed and the turnover rate fell more slowly. A lasting influence of the site on fertilizer turnover was not proved. In addition, the biological degradation in the incubation experiment changed the thermal decay dynamics. The largest changes were observed after the addition of straw. It could not be clarified whether the same results could be achieved in soils with a higher supply of organic matter.

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