This thesis has used some techniques from mathematical demography to create thirteen projections of the Bangladesh female population at 5-year intervals from 1966 through 2026. Mathematical data gathered in Bangladesh by the Census Commission, Statistical Survey Research Unit (now Institute of Statistical Research and Training), Dacca University and by the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (now Bangladesh Institute of Development Economics) was used. Details of the projections and findings are discussed.Bangladesh has an approximate population of 71,300,000. The biggest obstacle to rapid economic betterment is ran-a-way population growth. Social consequences of such growth are briefly considered.

Thesis: Ph. D., Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2015. / Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. / Includes bibliographical references. / Males and females may differ in stage-specific survival, maturation, fertility, or mating availability. These demographic differences, in turn, affect population growth rates, equilibrium structure, and evolutionary trajectories. Models considering only a single sex cannot capture these effects, motivating the use of demographic two-sex models for sexually reproducing populations. I developed a new two-sex modeling framework that incorporates population structure and multiple life cycle processes through transition rate matrices. These models can be applied to a variety of life histories to address both ecological and evolutionary questions. Here, I apply the model to the effects of sex-biased harvest on populations with various mating systems. Demographic considerations also affect evolutionary projections. I derived matrix calculus expressions for key evolutionary quantities in my two-sex models, including the invasion fitness, selection gradient, and second derivatives of growth rates (which have many applications, including the classification of evolutionary singular strategies). I used these quantities to analyze the evolution of the primary sex ratio, under various sex- and stage-specific offspring costs and maternal conditions. Demographic two-sex models lend insight into complex, and sometimes counterintuitive, results that are not captured by models lacking population structure. These findings highlight the importance of demographic structure in ecology and evolution. / by Esther Shyu. / Ph. D.

No description available.

Yang, Ling. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-79). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Abstract in Chinese --- p.ii / Acknowledgments --- p.iii / Contents --- p.iv / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.5 / Chapter 3 --- Review of Major Findings --- p.9 / Chapter 3.1 --- "Estimation of ""Missing Females""" --- p.9 / Chapter 3.2 --- "Estimation of ""Missing Girls""" --- p.11 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Reverse Survival Methods --- p.12 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Reconstruction of Birth Cohort --- p.13 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Reported Death and Surviving Children --- p.14 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Projection Based on Fertility Level --- p.15 / Chapter 4 --- "Decomposition of ""Missing Girls""" --- p.17 / Chapter 5 --- Empirical Analysis --- p.20 / Chapter 5.1 --- Choice of Variables --- p.20 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Choice of Model Life Table: xq*m0 and xq*f0 --- p.20 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Choice ofNatural Level of SRB: SRB* --- p.21 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- "Determining the Reporting Ratio and Cohort Size: sm,x(x),sf,x(x), lm,x(x) and lf,x(x)" --- p.21 / Chapter 5.2 --- Empirical Results --- p.26 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- National-level Estimates --- p.26 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Provincial-Level Estimates --- p.28 / Chapter 6 --- Regression Analysis --- p.35 / Chapter 6.1 --- Model --- p.35 / Chapter 6.2 --- Discussion of Explanatory Variables --- p.37 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Policy Implementation --- p.37 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Demographic Characters --- p.38 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Social-economic Development --- p.41 / Chapter 6.3 --- Data and Descriptive Statistics --- p.42 / Chapter 6.4 --- Estimation Results --- p.45 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Future Extension --- p.48 / Chapter 7 --- Conclusion --- p.49 / Appendix --- p.50 / Chapter A.l --- "Calculating Number of ""Missing Grils"": Procedures and Assumptions" --- p.50 / Chapter A.2 --- Census Questionnaire --- p.55 / Chapter A.3 --- Assumptions and Procedures to Derive Prefectural-level Estimates --- p.61 / Chapter A.4 --- Questionnaire of Death Event in Census 2000 --- p.63 / Chapter A.5 --- Size of Migration Population --- p.64 / Chapter A.6 --- Previous Fertility Outcomes and Reporting Behavior --- p.72 / References --- p.76 / Figures --- p.80 / Tables --- p.83