With their three-dimensional macromolecular structure and shape, and with their tuneable properties in both the inner and outer spheres, dendrimers are ideal model compounds in the nanometre range between 1 and 10 nm. The possibility to combine different properties within one macromolecule destines them for use in various high-end research fields such as medicine, pharmacy, biology, supramolecular chemistry, nanotechnology and material sciences. On the basis of their high end-group density and a compact, highly branched molecular structure, dendrimers are successfully investigated as carrier systems for active substances and metal ions (e.g. contrast agents for the visualisation of blood vessels), as templates for metal nanoparticles, as artificial enzymes with defined functions, and as materials for catalysis. / Dendrimere sind aufgrund ihrer dreidimensionalen Makromolekülstruktur und -form und ihrer steuerbaren Eigenschaften sowohl an der Oberfläche als auch im Molekülinneren ideale Modellverbindungen im Nanometerbereich – sie sind zwischen 1 und 10 nm groß –, die vorzugsweise in der Medizin, Pharmazie, Biologie, Supramolekularen Chemie, Nanotechnologie und den Materialwissenschaften eingesetzt werden. Aufgrund ihrer hohen Endgruppendichte und der kompakten, stark verzweigten Molekülform werden Dendrimere unter anderem als Trägermaterialien und Transportsysteme für Wirkstoffe und Metallionen, zum Beispiel als Kontrastmittel zur Visualisierung von Organen und Blutgefäßen, als Template für metallische Nanopartikel, zur Erzeugung künstlicher Enzymfunktionen und in der Katalyse erfolgreich untersucht.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 114-126). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 111-120). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 111-120). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 114-126). Also available on the Internet.

Over the past two decades, the field of molecular sensing has developed into a mature offshoot of molecular recognition, and sensing protocols based on optical signal modulations have enjoyed particularly great success. Such sensing methods are the focus of this dissertation, in which efforts toward the integration of dendrimers and reactands into separate, optically-based sensing platforms are described. To this end, Chapter 1 provides a brief introduction to molecular sensing and its supramolecular underpinnings. The remainder of Chapter 1 is dedicated to dendrimers and their application to molecular recognition and sensing. A discussion of the physicochemical properties of dendrimers is also included to lend perspective on the structure, size, and shape of these macromolecules. The role of dyes and indicators in the elucidation of dendritic structure and function is given special consideration. Finally, selected reports of dendrimers in molecular recognition and optical sensing are summarized. Chapter 2 details original research directed toward the incorporation of dendrimers into molecular sensing ensembles. This use of dendrimers in molecular recognition and sensing is distinguished from those examples described in Chapter 1 by its modular nature. This modularity is achieved through the use of a non-covalent sensing motif based on indicator displacement. The identification and optimization of the appropriate components for use in such dendrimer-based sensing ensembles represents a contribution of the research described herein. An evaluation of indicator dyes for their incorporation into an enantioselective indicator displacement assay (eIDA) for common organic molecules is the subject of the research discussed in Chapter 3. The selected indicator dyes were assessed for use in a novel eIDA that relies on covalent bond formation for the enantioselective signaling of monofunctional organic analytes. A survey of colorimetric methods for the identification and discrimination of amines is included because these compounds served as an initial target in the proposed assay. Optical enantiosensing strategies are also reviewed in light of their relevance to the present work. / text

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of St Andrews, March 2008.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 193-213).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-11T18:52:51Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) dissertacao mirela princival.pdf: 5990746 bytes, checksum: e5bcac5bef195c004f889c65ad741483 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-11T18:52:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) dissertacao mirela princival.pdf: 5990746 bytes, checksum: e5bcac5bef195c004f889c65ad741483 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-31 / FACEPE / Descrevemos aqui, um estudo citotóxico comparativo utilizando uma biblioteca de compostos contendo a função furano, e o dendrímero Bis-MPA. Dos compostos furânicos testados, os que apresentaram melhor resultado citotóxico frente às células tumorais foram sintetizados em grande escala (5 g). Assim, estes compostos, puderam ser submetidos à estudos de incorporação física (por interações químicas) ou ligação química (via ligação covalente) ao dendrímero. No intuito de estudar os efeitos citotóxicos que ambos os sistemas poderiam apresentar, os testes foram realizados empregando as seguintes linhagens celulares HEP-2, HT-29, MCF-7, NCI-H292 e HL-60, correspondentes ao câncer de Carcinoma de laringe, Carcinoma de Cólon, Adenocarcinoma de Mama e Leucemia promielocítica aguda. Cada teste foi realizado em quadruplicata, utilizando os compostos com alto grau de pureza (>99%), e de um mesmo lote do material, para todos os testes de toxicidade. Os testes de citotoxicidade r com o dendrímero bis-MPA, foram realizados utilizando o composto comercial, porém com checagem de pureza via RMN antes de realizar os testes e as reações químicas. Todos os testes biológicos após serem realizados, foram analisados utilizando o método colorimétrico MTT. Em suma, este estudo levou ao preparo de compostos em escala de gramas, com alto grau de pureza, necessário para estudar a possibilidade de desenvolver novos ligantes bifuncionais, na tentativa de se construir dendrímeros polifuncionalizados, contendo moléculas que apresentaram atividade citotóxica em sua estrutura química. Esse estudo vem sendo explorado pelo grupo na tentativa de expandir essa linha de raciocínio, e tentar corroborar com estudos da literatura no que diz respeito ao mecanismo de ação, e como esses se comportam frente a células tumorais, em testes in vitro. Dentre os compostos que apresentaram boas respostas aos ensaios biológicos, dois deles merecem destaque por mostrarem-se substâncias extremamente eficazes em testes de inibição total das células. Estes compostos têm em comum um anel furano ligado diretamente a uma enona ou a um ácido acrílico (compostos 32 e 35 respectivamente). / Here we describe a comparative cytotoxic study by using a library of compounds containing a furan moiety and the dendrimer Bis-MPA. Among furan tested compounds against tumor cancer cells, those that have shown better results were synthesized in a large scale reaction (5 g). Thus, these compounds, which have shown high biological activity, underwent physical incorporation studies (for chemical interactions) or chemically linked (via covalent bond) with the dendrimer. In order to study the cytotoxic effects that could exhibit by both systems, tests were conducted using the following tumor cancer cells: HEp-2, HT-29, MCF-7 e HL60. Each test was performed in quadruplicate using the compounds in their high purity (>99%) and used as a single batch of material for all toxicity tests. The dendrimer Bis-MPA cytotoxic tests were conducted subjecting the commercial reagent although with a pre checked in its purity by NMR before do the tests and chemical reactions. All biological tests after have been done were analyzed using the MTT colorimetric method. In summary, this study has led to preparation of compounds in multi gram scale in a high purity, necessary to realize the possibility of developing new bifunctional links, in an attempt to build polifuncionalized dendrimers containing active cytotoxic active molecules in their chemical structure. This study is being explored by the group in an attempt to expand this line of reasoning, and try to corroborate with literature data regarding the mechanism of action, and their behavior against the tumor cancer cells in an in vitro tests. Among the compounds that showed good activity to biological assays, two of them are noteworthy due to their extremely effective activity in total inhibition tests of cells. These compounds have in common a furan ring attached to an enone or an acrylic acid (compounds 32 and 35 respectively).