Avec l’évolution des besoins d’utilisateurs, plusieurs technologies de réseaux sans fil ont été développées. Parmi ces technologies, nous trouvons les réseaux mobiles ad hoc (MANETs) qui ont été conçus pour assurer la communication dans le cas où le déploiement d’une infrastructure réseaux est coûteux ou inapproprié. Dans ces réseaux, le routage est une fonction primordiale où chaque entité mobile joue le rôle d’un routeur et participe activement dans le routage. Cependant, les protocoles de routage ad hoc tel qu’ils sont conçus manquent de contrôle de sécurité. Sur un chemin emprunté, un nœud malveillant peut violemment perturber le routage en bloquant le trafic. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une solution de détection des nœuds malveillants dans un réseau MANET basée sur l’analyse comportementale à travers les filtres bayésiens et les chaînes de Markov. L’idée de notre solution est d’évaluer le comportement d’un nœud en fonction de ses échanges avec ses voisins d’une manière complètement décentralisée. Par ailleurs, un modèle stochastique est utilisé afin de prédire la nature de comportement d’un nœud et vérifier sa fiabilité avant d’emprunter un chemin. Notre solution a été validée via de nombreuses simulations sur le simulateur NS-2. Les résultats montrent que la solution proposée permet de détecter avec précision les nœuds malveillants et d’améliorer la qualité de services de réseaux MANETs / With the evolution of user requirements, many network technologies have been developed. Among these technologies, we find mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) that were designed to ensure communication in situations where the deployment of a network infrastructure is expensive or inappropriate. In this type of networks, routing is an important function where each mobile entity acts as a router and actively participates in routing services. However, routing protocols are not designed with security in mind and often are very vulnerable to node misbehavior. A malicious node included in a route between communicating nodes may severely disrupt the routing services and block the network traffic. In this thesis, we propose a solution for detecting malicious nodes in MANETs through a behavior-based analysis and using Bayesian filters and Markov chains. The core idea of our solution is to evaluate the behavior of a node based on its interaction with its neighbors using a completely decentralized scheme. Moreover, a stochastic model is used to predict the nature of behavior of a node and verify its reliability prior to selecting a path. Our solution has been validated through extensive simulations using the NS-2 simulator. The results show that the proposed solution ensures an accurate detection of malicious nodes and improve the quality of routing services in MANETs

The Electronic Communications and Transactions Act, 25 of 2002, eradicated various lacunae that previously existed in respect of cyber crimes. Cyber crimes such as inter alia hacking, rogue code, unauthorised modification of data and denial of service attacks have now been criminalised. Specific criminal provisions in relation to spamming, computer-related fraud and extortion have also been included in the Act. It is argued that theft of incorporeal items such as information has already been recognised in our law, but has not been taken to its logical conclusion in our case law. However, there are instances where neither the common law nor our statutory provisions are applicable and where there is still a need for legislative intervention. The Act sufficiently deals with jurisdiction, the admissibility of data messages, the admissibility of electronic signatures and the regulation of cryptography. Cyber inspectors are a new addition to law enforcement. / Jurisprudence / L. L. M.

This dissertation investigates and introduces novel algorithms, theories, and supporting frameworks to significantly improve the growing problem of Internet security. A distributed firewall and active response architecture is introduced that enables any device within a cyber environment to participate in the active discovery and response of cyber attacks. A theory of semantic association systems is developed for the general problem of knowledge discovery in data. The theory of semantic association systems forms the basis of a novel semantic path merger packet classification algorithm. The theoretical aspects of the semantic path merger packet classification algorithm are investigated, and the algorithm's hardware-based implementation is evaluated along with comparative analysis versus content addressable memory. Experimental results show that the hardware implementation of the semantic path merger algorithm significantly outperforms content addressable memory in terms of energy consumption and operational timing.

The Electronic Communications and Transactions Act, 25 of 2002, eradicated various lacunae that previously existed in respect of cyber crimes. Cyber crimes such as inter alia hacking, rogue code, unauthorised modification of data and denial of service attacks have now been criminalised. Specific criminal provisions in relation to spamming, computer-related fraud and extortion have also been included in the Act. It is argued that theft of incorporeal items such as information has already been recognised in our law, but has not been taken to its logical conclusion in our case law. However, there are instances where neither the common law nor our statutory provisions are applicable and where there is still a need for legislative intervention. The Act sufficiently deals with jurisdiction, the admissibility of data messages, the admissibility of electronic signatures and the regulation of cryptography. Cyber inspectors are a new addition to law enforcement. / Jurisprudence / L. L. M.

Les attaques massives par déni de service représentent une menace pour les services Internet. Ils impactent aussi les fournisseurs de service réseau et menace même la stabilité de l’Internet. Il y a donc un besoin pressant de contrôler les dommages causés par ces attaques. De nombreuses recherches ont été menées, mais aucune n’a été capable de combiner le besoin d’atténuation de l’attaque, avec l’obligation de continuité de service et les contraintes réseau. Les contre mesures proposées portent sur l’authentification des clients légitimes, le filtrage du trafic malicieux, une utilisation efficace des interconnections entre les équipements réseaux, ou l’absorption de l’attaque par les ressources disponibles. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons un mécanisme de contrôle de dommages. Basé sur une nouvelle signature d’attaque et les fonctions réseaux du standard Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS), nous isolons le trafic malicieux du trafic légitime et appliquons des contraintes sur la transmission du trafic malicieux. Le but est de rejeter suffisamment de trafic d’attaque pour maintenir la stabilité du réseau tout en préservant le trafic légitime. La solution prend en compte des informations sur l’attaque, mais aussi les ressources réseaux. Considérant que les opérateurs réseaux n’ont pas une même visibilité sur leur réseau, nous étudions l’impact de contraintes opérationnelles sur l’efficacité d’une contre mesure régulièrement recommandée, le filtrage par liste noire. Les critères d’évaluation sont le niveau d’information sur l’attaque ainsi que sur le trafic réseau. Nous formulons des scénarios auxquels chaque opérateur peut s’identifier. Nous démontrons que la l’algorithme de génération des listes noires doit être choisi avec précaution afin de maximiser l’efficacité du filtrage / Massive Denial of Service attacks represent a genuine threat for Internet service, but also significantly impact network service providers and even threat the Internet stability. There is a pressing need to control damages caused by such attacks. Numerous works have been carried out, but were unable to combine the need for mitigation, the obligation to provide continuity of service and network constraints. Proposed countermeasures focus on authenticating legitimate traffic, filtering malicious traffic, making better use of interconnection between network equipment or absorbing attack with the help of available resources. In this thesis, we propose a damage control mechanism against volumetric Denial of Services. Based on a novel attack signature and with the help of Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) network functions, we isolate malicious from legitimate traffic. We apply a constraint-based forwarding to malicious traffic. The goal is to discard enough attack traffic to sustain network stability while preserving legitimate traffic. It is not only aware of attack details but also network resource, especially available bandwidth. Following that network operators do not have equal visibility on their network, we also study the impact of operational constraints on the efficiency of a commonly recommended countermeasure, namely blacklist filtering. The operational criteria are the level of information about the attack and about the traffic inside the network. We then formulate scenario which operators can identify with. We demonstrate that the blacklist generation algorithm should be carefully chosen to fit the operator context while maximizing the filtering efficiency