To examine the potential for exercise to build bone mass during growth, objectives of this dissertation included: 1) determine the effects of 7 months of jumping followed by 7 months of detraining on hip and spine bone mass in the prepubertal children; 2) determine variables that best predict bone mineral content (BMC;g) of the hip and spine in order to develop prediction equations for healthy, Caucasian children, specific to Hologic fan-beam DXA machines; and 3) to examine the potential synergy between calcium intake and the bone response to jump training in prepubertal children. Results/Conclusions Objective 1 (Chapters 2, 3 and 4): children who performed 300 jumps/week at a load magnitude of 8 body weights had significantly greater 7-month changes for BMC at the femoral neck and lumbar spine than controls (4.5% and 3.1%, respectively), and significantly greater 7-month changes for bone area (BA; cm��) at the femoral neck than controls (2.9%). After 7- months of detraining (no box jumping exercises) the jumping group maintained 4% greater BMC and 4% greater BA at the femoral neck than controls. By contrast, at the spine, gains in BMC from the intervention were not retained after an equivalent period of detraining. These data indicate that high-impact jumping enhances growth at the hip. Results/Conclusions Objective 2 (Chapter 5): Age, height, and weight were entered as predictor variables in order to create regression models for healthy, young Caucasian boys and girls. Of these, height and weight independently predicted femoral neck and total hip BMC in both boys (femoral neck: R��=.48, total hip: R��=.63) and girls (femoral neck: R��=.49, total hip R��=.65). Height best predicted spine BMC in boys (R��=.58), but both height and weight independently predicted spine BMC in girls (R��=.54). We report that height and weight not age, best predict bone mineral content at the hip and spine. Results/Conclusions Objective 3 (Chapter 6): Children responded similarly to the jumping program regardless of calcium intake. 73% of our population had dietary intakes of calcium that met the recommended values for their age group. / Graduation date: 2002

Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD), bone fragility, and an increased risk of osteoporotic fracture. The disease is systemic in nature but potential solutions include exercises prescriptions that target the clinically relevant sites of osteoporosis (hip and spine) to improve bone mass. The aim of this dissertation was to determine if atypical loading and load magnitude increased bone mass at the hip and spine, respectively, in young athletic women. The first study sought to determine if six months of uncustomary loading in the form of a "hip drop", increased BMD at the hip in young women (n=39, aged 20.2 �� 1.3 years). The hip drop applied a direct side impact to the right greater trochanter, the left hip was the control. The second study compared the spine BMD response after six months of rowing training in experienced (n=16, aged 21.2 �� 1.2 years) and novice rowers (n=19, aged 19.5 �� 0.8 years) with a control group (n=14, aged 19.2 �� 1.6 years). Bone mineral density at the hip and spine were measured in the first and second studies, respectively. Results from the first study showed a significant difference in BMD between hips at the femoral neck but there were no side-to-side differences at the greater trochanter or the total hip. The second study revealed that six months of rowing training increased spine BMD in the experienced rowers (2.1%) but not in the novices (-0.05%). / Graduation date: 2002

Graduation date: 1994

Graduation date: 1994

Im Rahmen eines vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung geförderten Projektes (Förderkennzeichen 02NUK010A) wurden an einem senkrechten, mit Flüssigkeit umströmten und beheizten Stabbündel gammadensitometrische Gasgehaltsmessungen durchgeführt. Es wurden zwei Messpositionen, zwei Volumenstromraten des umströmenden Fluides, zwei Unterkühlungswerte und elf Wärmestromdichten zur Messung gewählt. Der Bericht umfasst die Beschreibung des Versuchsstandes, die Messmethodik, Ergebnisse und deren Interpretation. Im Detail wird ebenfalls die Messunsicherheit bewertet.

Thesis (M.S.)--Rutgers University, 2009. / "Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences." Includes bibliographical references (p. 42-49).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 150-166). Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 172 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Paul W. Sciulli, Dept. of Anthropology. Includes bibliographical references (p. 143-154).

published_or_final_version / Biochemistry / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Not available / text