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OBJECTIVES: The aim of this in vitro study is to investigate the bond strength of recently introduced commercial denture teeth to denture base materials that are fabricated in different methods. The effect of thermocycling on shear bond strength was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From high-impact pourable acrylic HIPA (Dentsply Sirona), Ivotion Base (Ivoclar Vivadent), Lucitone Digital Print (Dentsply Sirona), and Formlabs Denture Base (Formlabs) denture base materials, plate specimens were fabricated (15 mm × 15 mm × 2 mm). These base materials were bonded to Portrait IPN (Dentsply Sirona), Ivotion Dent (Ivoclar Vivadent), Lucitone Digital Value (Dentsply Sirona), and Formlabs Denture Tooth (Formlabs) tooth rods (3.5 mm × 6 mm) according to manufacturer instructions, respectively. For each material combination, 24 specimens were prepared and divided into 2 groups including control and aged. Bond strength was determined using shear bond test. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD test and Student’s t test (α=0.05). RESULTS: Lucitone Digital Print (Dentsply Sirona) bonded to Lucitone Digital Value (Dentsply Sirona) and Ivotion Base (Ivoclar Vivadent) bonded to Ivotion Dent (Ivoclar Vivadent) exhibited significantly higher bond strength to high-impact pourable acrylic HIPA (Dentsply Sirona) bonded to Portrait IPN (Dentsply Sirona) and Formlabs Denture Base (Formlabs) bonded to Formlabs Denture Tooth (Formlabs) (p < 0.0001). Each paired Student’s t-test showed that thermocycling treatment decreased the shear bond strength of the Formlabs materials significantly (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The application of monomer and conditioning agents improved bond strength between denture base and denture tooth material regardless of the fabrication method. Thermocycling had an adverse effect on bond strength for all materials.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare and determine the mechanical properties of printed and machined provisional and definitive dental restorations. Specimens from various materials were obtained via different production techniques, additive or subtractive manufacture. These samples underwent various tests to examine properties including wear resistance and flexural strength. METHODOLOGY: Five different materials were tested for wear resistance and flexural strength via three distinct procedures. The materials were from the following manufacturers: PAC-DENT (definitive printed material), BEGO (provisional printed material), DENTCA (provisional printed material), SHOFU (definitive machined material), and TELIO (provisional machined material). The specimens for each material were divided into subgroups of 12 specimens per test and prepared into specific dimensions in accordance with the parameters of the test. The first procedure was a wear test that examined a 3.5 mm in diameter pin-shaped specimen sliding on a ceramic substrate. The second test was a biaxial flexural strength test that examined disc-shaped specimens using a ball-on-three-ball fixture. The third test was a three-point bend flexural strength test that examined two different-sized rectangular bar specimens. The final test was a Vickers microhardness test that examined indentations made along the surfaces of the specimens. Sites of fracture, deformation, or wear were examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results were analyzed via ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD test, and student t-test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The results of the wear test indicated that SHOFU and TELIO had a significantly greater rate of volume loss than the remaining materials. The results of the biaxial flexural strength test indicated that the TELIO group was significantly higher than the other materials with a mean value of 187.63 MPa. The three-point bend test on materials tested on a 10 mm support span indicated that the TELIO group once again showed significantly higher values than the remainders with a mean flexural strength of 149.80 MPa. However, on the 20 mm support span of the three-point bend test, PAC-DENT showed significantly higher flexural strength values of 140.47 MPa. SHOFU showed the highest mean hardness value of 71.60 Hv, which was significantly higher than other materials. SEM imaging and EDS analysis showed the existence of inorganic filler load in the SHOFU, PAC-DENT, and BEGO materials. CONCLUSION: The results of the study rejected the proposed null hypothesis. The type and production method of a restorative material did indeed influence the resulting mechanical properties. The properties of wear resistance, flexural strength, and surface hardness that were tested all exhibited significant differences between the materials. Although differences were found between the individual materials themselves; when compared to the existing literature, it was found that the resulting mechanical properties values all fell within an acceptable range when compared to most commercially available products. This was crucial information, as it indicated that these materials would be practical and of use in a clinical setting. Further investigation is required for other factors which may affect the aforementioned mechanical properties, such as aging and fatiguing, which were not studied in this thesis.

OBJECTIVES: One objective was to evaluate the machinability of a variety of dental ceramic blanks. The other objective focused on evaluating the damage of various CAD/CAM materials arising from machine type, CAM setup, machining parameters, and tool quality. MATERIALS & METHODS: The tested materials were VITA Mark II (feldspathic block), Ivoclar e.max CAD (un-crystallized lithium disilicate), and VITA Enamic (interpenetrating phase ceramic), Dentsply Sirona InCorsTZI (3Y-TZP Zirconia), and 3M Lava Ultimate (composite resin). A new set of burs were used for each material. The first phase of the experiment was an assessment to determine machining damage utilizing the merlon fracture test. STL files of Merlons with the wall thickness of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 mm were used for the test. Four merlons of different thicknesses were machined from 14 mm blocks on two separate milling machines of Dentsply Sirona MCX5 and MCXL equipped with inLab CAM 20.0.1 software. All merlon specimens were milled under the normal speed milling using wet milled with MCXL and wet/dry milled with MCX5. The unfractured merlon walls were counted. The thickness at which 100% of specimens had unbroken walls was designated as the minimum machined thickness. The edge chipping on the merlons’ wall was characterized. The chip counts, chipping length and chipping factor were compared by the effect of different machining conditions using statistical software JMP Pro 15. The second phase of the experiment aimed to evaluate the damage that occurred from different machining modes of speed, which included surface and subsurface damage, surface roughness as well as the related flexural strength of each material. Rectangular bars with the dimension of 4.0 mm x 2.0 mm x 12.0 mm (width x thickness x length) were machined using the Sirona inLab software system. Eight bar specimens of each material were milled by MCXL and MCX5 Sirona inLab milling Dental Systems using two machining speed modes normal and fast. The effects of different machining conditions on surface roughness and flexural strength were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Merlon thickness, material type as well as the interactions between milling unit and material type, and thickness and material had significant effects on the merlon success rate. The merlon test indicated that Incoris Zirconia TZI had less machinability using MCX5 whereas 3M Lava Ultimate had better machinability using MCX5. The edge chipping analysis in this study showed IPS e.max CAD, VITA Mark II, 3M Lava Ultimate, and Enamic had a similar pattern when compared to the total chipping count for MCX5 and MCXL in both sides – inner and outer. The chipping count for MCX5 was lower than MCXL accounting for all these materials. However, for TZI, the trend was opposite as MCX5 had higher chipping count over MCXL in both the inner and outer side of the material. For IPS e.max CAD with MCXL, the chipping factor (CF) result showed a significantly higher chipping factor of 65.94% for inner walls and 55.89% for outer walls compared to those of 3M Lava Ultimate, which showed the lower CF of 12.8% for the inner walls and 21.7% for the outer walls. In this study, surface roughness RMS was found significantly related with the material type and machine used. (4-axis) MCXL-milled bars had a higher surface roughness than (5-axis) MCX5-milled bars. TZI had the lowest surface roughness followed by IPS e.max CAD, VITA Mark II, then 3M Lava Ultimate and the highest surface roughness was for Vita Enamic and MCX5 machine. Similar trend was observed with MCXL in which TZI had the lowest surface roughness, whereas the highest surface roughness was for IPS e.max CAD. The flexural strength of bars machined by MCXL and MCX5 at two different speeds were investigated. The flexural strengths of 3M Lava Ultimate were 171.20 ± 19.05 MPa and 164.73 ± 21.78 MPa for fast and normal speed using MCX5, respectively. Under the normal milling speed, the highest flexural strength of 819.16 ± 97.14 MPa was InCoris TZI using MCX5 while the lowest flexural strength of 93.43 ± 7.55 MPa was Vita Mark II using MCXL. The coefficient of variation (CV) of flexural strength of IPS e.max CAD was 19.60% and 16.64% for fast speed and normal speed, which were the highest for MCX5. CONCLUSION & CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: For the Merlon test, minimum machining thickness varied based on material type and milling machine system. The minimum machined thickness of 0.5 mm was recommended for all materials in both machines. The milling unit (MCXL, MCX5), material, and side (inner, outer) had a major impact on the chipping factor. There was no significant difference in surface roughness for the area (edge/middle of each bar), speed, or interaction between material and area. The milled bars by MCXL had a higher surface roughness than the milled bars by MCX5. Under the normal milling speed, all materials milled by MCX5 had greater flexural strength than those milled by MCXL except for 3M Lava Ultimate. The materials with normal milling demonstrated higher flexural strength than those with fast milling.

Student development theory explores ways to develop student growth and help them succeed through involvement, processing, and learning. Different aspects of a student's life are analyzed, primarily from the undergraduate perspective, to see their contributions to overall student success. One of the major pillars the student development theory focus on is the source of motivation and how it affects cognitive development. Other important factors of student success according to the student development theory is the student-advisor relationship, academic credentials, family values and upbringing, and personal motivation. Literature showed that intrinsic motivation plays a crucial role in deep cognitive development. This is contrary to shallow cognitive development which primarily accesses the short-term memory and does not allow for high levels of processing. This is primarily fueled by extrinsic motivation. Aside from student motivation, it is important to review how universities set students up and create the best environment for them in order to be successful. This study focused on students in Boston University’s Oral Health Sciences (OHS) Master’s program. The attendance, satisfaction, and effectiveness of academic and social enrichment activities were evaluated. Research was conducted on graduating OHS students focusing on academic enrichment questions asked using the online survey platform Qualtrics. Survey questions asked for a satisfaction rating of activities using a 5- or 7- point Likert scale and also for open response comments to gain further insight into motivation and impact. Survey results showed a very high satisfaction and helpfulness rate with both academic enrichment and social enrichment opportunities such as one-on-one tutoring, teaching assistant run review sessions, and study skills development workshop panels. Social enrichment events on campus and in the surrounding city increased a strong sense of community and support from peers and mentors. Open response comments extracted from the students directly stated that they benefited strongly from their advisors and received helping hands towards success from the strong OHS community that was built. In conclusion, although a student’s responsibility is still to study, learn and perform well academically, there are many avenues of intervention available to assist and maximize a student’s capabilities and help them be successful in accordance with student development theory at the graduate level.

INTRODUCTION: Despite improvements in prevention, treatment modalities, and access of dental care, dental caries is considered one of the most common diseases among children worldwide. Significant disparities in the prevalence of dental caries and other oral health problems continues to exist by race ethnic groups and by socio-economic status. Another factor that influences the prevalence is the physical and mental status of children; this is attributed to the limitation of awareness, dexterity, and access to care among children with special health care needs. Overall improving the access to care, incorporating team-based practice and interprofessional collaboration are vital to improve and maintain oral and systemic health among children. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to assess the team-based practice in the Pediatric Oral Healthcare Center (POHC) at Boston University School of Dental Medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Different parameters were evaluated including dental procedures and patients’ outcomes; screening by non-dental specialists; feasibility and sustainability of team-clinics; retreatment of dental procedures within two years of follow-up; health care providers’ and administrative perception towards interprofessional collaboration. RESULTS: Children with special healthcare needs represented 13% of the total patients, with the majority under 6 and over 12 years old between 2017-2019. Sixty-five patients were evaluated by a Speech and Language Pathologist (SLP) and 42 were referred for further evaluation. The RDN evaluated 172 children with 50 children having abnormal BMI, and the majority were overweight or obese. Multidisciplinary treatment approach involving SLP and RDN in a pediatric dental clinic can provide an overall net revenue as high as $25,681.20 monthly. During follow-up, only 9% of the cases required retreatment; age was a significant factor with older children being less likely to require retreatment. High levels of satisfaction towards interprofessional collaboration was reported among pediatric dentists, pediatricians, SLPs, RDN and administrative staff. CONCLUSION: Team-based pediatric dental clinic can be feasible and financially beneficial. Thus, a pediatric wellness care center that integrates general and dental care services through an interprofessional collaboration can play a vital role in significantly improving children’s oral and systemic health. / 2022-07-29T00:00:00Z

STUDY AIMS: The overall aim of this project was to evaluate the dental care services provided through teledentistry and to evaluate the methods used to diagnose and manage patients’ concerns during the televisits. STUDY DESIGN: This study was a retrospective chart review and included patients who completed televisits between March 1st, 2020, to January 31st, 2021, at the Boston Medical Center (BMC). Information on a total of 323 patients was obtained from EPIC, the electronic patient record system. These patients completed televisits in both the Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at BMC. For each televisit, we gathered information from the televisit workflow form which includes detailed information on the patient’s visit. The level of accuracy of diagnosis and details on the management of the diagnosed condition during the televisit was compared to the diagnosis and management completed during the in-clinic visit. Differences in the level of accuracy by patients’ characteristics were analyzed. Other factors correlated with the level of accuracy were also evaluated using univariate and multivariate analysis. All statistical tests were conducted using SPSS statistical software. RESULTS: Overall, almost half of the study population (49.2%) presented to the televisit with the chief complaint of pain. The majority of the televisits, 99.1%, were completed by phone and only 13% of the patients’ charts included photos. In terms of management, 49.8% of the cases were managed conservatively during the televisits and 57.9% were advised to follow-up to the clinic for dental treatment and among these patients about 78% returned to the clinics at BMC. Accuracy of diagnosis was found to be 72.4% when comparing the diagnosis made during the televisits to the clinical diagnosis. The level of accuracy was significantly associated with the type of management that was provided to the patients during the televisits (p-value=0.008). CONCLUSION: Teledentistry can be used as a successful module in providing the optimum patient care especially where the in-clinic visit cannot be achieved due to geographical or financial barriers, or due to lack of access. It is also a valuable mode of communication with patients in severe emergency situations such as the recent COVID pandemic. / 2023-08-03T00:00:00Z