Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1948.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1992.

Thesis (doctoral)--Katholieke Universiteit te Nijmegen, 1988. / Text in Dutch with a summary in English. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.D.S.)--University of Hong Kong, 1988. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 282-298). Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Kent State University, 1999. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Kent State University, 1999. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Magister Chirurgiae Dentium (MChD) / Mixed denticentition space analysis forms a critical aspect of early orthodo However, the applicability of these methods in other ethnic groups has been varied and questionable. The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of the Tanaka and Johnston (1974) and the Moyers (1988) methods in a Kenyan sample. Mesio-distal tooth widths of 131 sets of dental casts obtained from randomly selected patients (50 males; 81 females) attending Kenyatta National Hospital were measured. The mean sum of the four mandibular incisors was used to determine the sum of canine and the two premolars in one quadrant. The predicted values of the mesio-distal widths were statistically compared with their respective actual sum of the canine and premolars of the same quadrants. The results of paired t tests and scatterplots indicated that there were highly significant differences (p<0.003) between actual measurements (Σ 3, 4 & 5) and their accurate among the non-radiographic prediction methods in the mixed dentition analysis in the Kenyan sample. treatment. The two most widely used non-radiographic tooth size prediction methods were derived from populations of Northern European ancestry. predicted values from Moyers (1988) prediction method except at 85% and/or 95% confidence levels. However, Tanaka and Johnston (1974) failed to show any statistically significant differences for either sex and combined sexes at p<0.05. The Tanaka and Johnston (1974) method was the most SAMPLE . / South Africa

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The purpose of this study was to test the relationship between dental developmental age and chronologic age as they relate to other aspects of the child's development. The dental developmental age was determined on 74 children, 40 males and 34 females, ranging in age from two to 11 years. The sample population was chosen at random from patients at the Indiana University School of Dentistry. The socio-economic status was determined according to the North-Hatt Occupational Scale; 14.3 per cent of the children fell in the upper class, 84.3 per cent in the middle class, and 1.4 per cent in the lower class. Analysis by race showed that 71.6 per cent of the sample were Caucasian, 23.0 per cent were Negroid, and 5.4 per cent were Oriental. Panoramic radiography, with the S.S. White Panorex, was used to evaluate dental developmental age. Two independent observers scored the radiographs and double blind procedures were used. To determine dental developmental age, Wolanski's method of tooth formation evaluation was used. To determine functioning of children in five developmental skills areas, the Alpern-Boll Developmental Skills Inventory was used. Dental developmental age and chronologic age had a significant positive relationship to children's functioning in five developmental skills areas. There is a chronologic period when determination of dental age appears to be difficult. The data available and methodology for determining dental developmental age of the four-year-old female and the five-year-old male seems to be inadequate. Dental developmental age seems to be a better predictor of general developmental skills for males than it does for females, specifically in the two to eight-year-old group. The highest correlations were found in the youngest age group, i.e. the two to five-year-olds. The correlations between dental developmental age and chronologic age, and between those two indices and the five developmental skills ages remains highly significant in the younger ages but decreases consistently as the child becomes older. The specific age as well as the sex of the child has a definite effect on the correlations obtained. The use of dental developmental age is good but not superior to the use of chronologic age for predicting functioning for normal children. This may not be the case for atypical children. More study is indicated.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This study was undertaken to determine normal changes which occur over a period of approximately ten years, in occlusions determined to be excellent in the mixed dentition stage of development. Skeletal patterns were compared graphically with Downs' sample of patients with excellent occlusion. A model analysis was used to compare various aspects comprising an excellent occlusion. The data derived from the model analysis was subjected to a statistical analysis. The results showed a more protrusive facial profile with increase in age. Also, there was a decrease in overjet, cuspid occlusion became slightly more Class II, and there was an increase in the presence and amount of crowding in the lower anterior teeth.

Thesis (PhD) -- Stellenbosch University , 1992. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The maintenance of dental alignment following orthodontic treatment has been, and continues to be, a challenge for the orthodontist (McReynolds and Little, 1991). Orthodontists should endeavour to establish normal occlusions and function to the end that physiologic balance and retentive stability may be achieved (Goldstein, 1953). Many philosophies and theories have been formulated in response to this challenge, but few have successfully withstood the test of rigorous post-orthodontic evaluation. The present study comprises longitudinal assessments of dentofacial changes which occurred in South African Caucasian subjects during their orthodontic treatment as well as a mean of 7 years following active treatnent. The sample consists of 88 Caucasian subjects; 33 males and 55 female sUbjects who have undergone conventional edgewise orthodontic treatment (Lindquist; 1985). The treatment includes extraction (56%) and nonextraction (44%) therapy. Due to the intricate structure of the craniofacial complex, it is deemed important to discuss the major components of this complex separately and then to compare the variables describing the area with post-orthodontic lower incisor crowding. Lower incisor crowding or irregularity, most often referred to as relapse when occurring in the post-orthodontic dentition, is a phenom~non that is clinically visible and easily assessed using the Little Irregularity Index (Little, 1975). A variety of orthodontic study cast and cephalometric variables represent the changes which occur at the three time intervals selected for this study, namely pre-treatment (T1), post-treatment (T2) and following active treatment (T3). statistical analysis of th~ data was undertaken by the Institute for Biostatistics of the Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, RSA utilising the SAS (1985). The significance level of the results of this study is set at p = 0.05. x No previous study has documented the evaluated and described the various craniofacial skeleton in this format. literature parts or has of the The thesis is divided into thirteen chapters. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die instandhouding van tandbelyning na voltooiing van ortodontiese behandeling was en sal nag steeds in die toekoms 'n uitdaging bied vir ortodontiste (McReynolds en Little, 1991). Die ortodontis se strewe moet wees am 'n normale okkli'lsie in die ortodontiese pasient te veE)tig, waartydens die funksie van die kake herstel word, asook fisiologiese harmonie en stabiliteit van die okklusie gevestig ~lOrd (Goldstein, 1953) • Menige filosofiee en teoriee is al voorgestel om hierdie doelwitte te kan bereik, maar baie min het nag daarin geslaag. Tydens die huidige longitudinale studie is gepoog om In ondersoek te doen van die veranderinge wat plaasvind in die dentofasiale omgewing van agt-en-tagtig Suid-Afrikaanse Kaukasiese pasiente tydens hulle ortodontiese behandeling, asook na die verloop van 'n gemiddeld van sewe jaar sedert die behandeling voltooi was. Die monster het uit 33 manlike en 55 vroulike pasiente bestaan wat met 'n konvensionele vierkantsdraad ("edg~wise") ortodontiese tegniek behandel was (Lindquist, 1985). Die behandeling het 56% ekstraksie en 44% ni~-ekstraksie behandelingsbeplannings ingesluit. Weens die baie komplekse kraniofasiale omgewing is dit besluit am elke deel waaruit hierdie omgewing bestaan, afsonderlik te beskryf en te bespreek. Die veranderlikes wat elke deel beskryf is vervolgens gekorreleer met die na-behandelings ondersnytand-bondeling. Ondersnytandbondeling is 'n verskynsel wat klinies sigbaar is en meestal na verwys word as terugval indien dit voorkom in die na-behandelings resultaat. Dit kan maklik gemeet word met behulp van die "Little Irregularity Index" (Little, 1975). 'n Verskeidenheid van ortodontiese studiemodelle en kefalometrie~Je verander.likes is tydens die voor-behandelings (T1), na-behandelings (T2) asook na verloop van 'n gemidd.eld van sewe jaar na afhandeling van die behandeling (T3) gemeet. Die statistiese verwerkinge is deuI' die Institu,ut vir Biostatistiek van die Mediese Navorsingsraad, Tygerberg, R.S.A. gedoen deur middel van die SAS (1985). Die betekenisvolheidsperk van die studie is op P = 0.05 gestel. Geen studie het al voorheen die literatuur gedefineerde areas van die kranio-fasiale skelet formaat ondersoek of be~kryf nie. Die proefskrif bestaan uit dertien hoofstukke.