Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2015-11-25T20:56:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TarcilaMariaPinheiroFrota_DISSERT.pdf: 2847806 bytes, checksum: 145d4638a1cda51760a6a1f51ae48737 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elisangela Moura (lilaalves@gmail.com) on 2015-11-25T22:37:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TarcilaMariaPinheiroFrota_DISSERT.pdf: 2847806 bytes, checksum: 145d4638a1cda51760a6a1f51ae48737 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-25T22:37:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TarcilaMariaPinheiroFrota_DISSERT.pdf: 2847806 bytes, checksum: 145d4638a1cda51760a6a1f51ae48737 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-24 / Durante o processo de produ??o de petr?leo ? comum o aparecimento de g?s e ?gua associados. A produ??o pode ser comprometida pela precipita??o de sais inorg? nicos tanto no reservat?rio como no po?o produtor, atrav?s da forma??o de incrusta??o , e ? apontada como prov?vel causa ao dano da forma??o. Nas condi??es de alta temperatura e alta press?o (HTHP), a precipita??o de sais insol?veis pode ser favorecida. Os tipos de incrusta??es mais comuns em campos de petr?leo s?o o carbonato de c?lcio e os sulfatos de c?lcio, estr?ncio e b?rio. Atualmente, novos tipos de incrusta??o v?m despertando aten? ?o especia l como o sulfeto de zinco e de chumbo . Esta s precipita? ?es p ode m ocorrer nos poros da rocha - reservat?rio, na coluna de produ??o e nos equipamentos , provocando obstru??es e a conse qu ente perda da produ??o . Neste trabalho, estudou - se a influ ? ncia da profundidade, press?o e temperatura na composi??o das incrusta??es f ormadas, visando a otimiza??o de tratamentos de remo??o e seu comportamento ao longo da coluna. Foram selecionados 10 res?duos de uma coluna de produ??o (intervalo de 15,4 m a 4061,5 m), que apresentava problemas de corros?o/incrusta??o. Realiza ram - se ensa io s de dissolu??o em ?cidos org?nicos similares aos empregados em opera??es de remo??o desse tipo de incrusta??o. A composi??o majorit?ria foi definida e confirmada p elos testes de dissolu??o e por t?cnicas de Difratometria de Raios - X ( DRX ) , Espectrometria de Fluoresc?ncia de Raios - X ( EFRX ), Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura (MEV) . Foram observados res?duos com caracter?sticas distintas, em propor??es diferentes, mostrando uma tend?ncia de aumento e/ou diminui??o de massa com a profundidade. Os resultados obtidos indicam correla??es dos tipos de incrusta??es estudados com a profundidade e, consequentemente, com as condi??es termodin?micas de press?o e temperatura. / Water and gas is a common by - product of the oil production process. Production may be compromised by the precipitation of inorganic salts in both the reservoir and producing well, through scale formation. This precipitation is likely the cause of the formation damage. High temperatures and h igh pressures (HTHP) may favor the precipitation of insoluble salts. The most common types of scale in oil fields are calcium carbonate and calcium sulphate, strontium and barium sulphate. New types of scale formation have attracted special attention such as zinc sulphide and lead. This precipitation may occur in the pores of reservoir rocks, in the production string and in equipment, causing obstructions and consequent production losses. In this study, the influence of well depth on incrustation compositio n was investigated to design removal treatments and assess the behavior of these deposits along the string, through the analysis of pressure and temperature. Scale residues were recovered from the inside of the production string of an oil and gas well duri ng the string removal operation. A total of 10 samples from different depths (15.4 m to 4061.5 m) were obtained. Initially a dissolution test was conducted in weak acid, similar to that used in removal operations with this type of scale formation. Majority composition was defined and confirmed by dissolution tests using X - Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF), X - Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) techniques. Residues with distinct characteristics were observed in different proportion s, showing a tendency toward increased and/or decreased mass with depth. In the samples closest to the surface, typical sandstone residues were found, with calcium (45% Ca) as the metal of highest concentration. The obtained results indicate correlations o f the scale types studied with the depth and, consequently, with the thermodynamic conditions of pressure and temperature.