There has been much concern about how teachers teach math in the elementary classroom. With increasing accountability standards from the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB; United States Department of Education 2002), students in the elementary grades are tested for mathematical ability. Elementary teachers have felt pressured to teach certain subjects in the classroom as a result of statewide and nationally mandated student testing. This research should add to the data available to those higher institutions that are seeking ways to design programs to help improve the teaching of mathematics and the understanding mathematics students possess. Faculty members in the elementary education program at Mississippi State University were interested in determining ways to assist students in becoming better teachers. The Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences (2001) has made many statements about the need for teachers to have deep understanding of school mathematics concepts and procedures. This study was designed as a first step in determining if the mathematics courses and materials are helping pre-service teachers comply with NCTM, Principles and Standards for Schools Mathematics (2000), and the No Child Left Behind Act (2001). Also it was designed to determine the needs of students and to help university faculty find ways to help math educators make sense of mathematics. The overall goal of the study was to assist elementary education faculty in establishing a descriptive profile in mathematics for pre-service elementary education teacher majors. Descriptive statistics were generated for the variables in this study. Data analysis of the descriptive profile revealed that most teacher made tests such as grades in university required mathematics courses; scores on grades in Structure of the Real Number System, Problem Solving, and Informal Geometry and Measurement, 45 GPA core courses; Student Teaching; and Overall GPA categories were consistent across cohorts of students. A recommendation was made to survey the original sample two to three years later with survey questions and open-ended questions to see if what they learn as preservice elementary majors helped them to teach mathematics as novice teachers.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T16:32:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ketlyn Lucyani Olenka.pdf: 1141365 bytes, checksum: cb0b683a1a16ca0d05b2689d26ff5aa0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-27 / The table wine plays a fundamental role in the national wine industry as a source of income for small, medium and large producers. In southwestern Paraná, the city that stands out in the production of red table wines is Salgado Filho. However there are few studies about its features. There are many techniques and thousands of research on red wines, however, the technique of Optimized Descriptive Profile (ODP), because it is a recent methodology is not aware of published works, still used it to describe wines. For the wine industry to promote regional and agro-industrial development, it is necessary to know the possibilities and problems, and on this fact, have been able to establish manufacturing processes based on certain criteria for a safe product and proven quality in the physical, chemical and sensory and that they can win the market. The objective is therefore to apply the optimized descriptive profile, characterize the physical and chemical parameters and verify the acceptance of red wines produced in the municipality of Salgado Filho-PR. Also aimed to verify the adequacy of wines with current legislation and correlate the variables of sensory and instrumental measurements. In developing the methodology we used samples of eight different types of red table wines produced in the municipality of Salgado Filho, all prepared with the varietal Claret. To trace the Optimized Descriptive Profile was used the methodology proposed by Silva (2012). It used the acceptance test and purchase intention to analyze the sensory acceptance. The physical and chemical variables were density, alcohol, volatile acidity, total acidity, reducing sugars and sulfates. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey test (p = 5%) and Pearson correlation test. The results show that the ODP, the wines differed as to color, acid taste and body and had no significant differences in aroma, sweet taste and astringency, it can be said that red wines analyzed table feature burgundy color and grape aroma with high intensity notes, with medium intensity for sweet taste and sour taste. light-bodied with low astringency. The acceptance there were no significant differences between the samples and all it obtained high acceptance rate. In general, the physical and chemical parameters fulfilled the Identity and Quality Standards established by Brazilian law. Instrumental and sensory variables showed some positive correlations and strong negative that made it possible to verify the importance of using both measures to reduce demand for time and cost of analysis. / O vinho de mesa exerce papel fundamental no setor vinícola nacional, como fonte de renda para pequenos, médios e grandes produtores. No sudoeste do Paraná, o município que se destaca na produção de vinhos tintos de mesa é Salgado Filho. No entanto, há poucos estudos sobre suas características. Existem muitas técnicas e milhares de pesquisas sobre vinhos tintos, porém, a técnica do Perfil Descritivo Otimizado (PDO), pelo fato de ser uma metodologia recente, ainda não se tem conhecimento de trabalhos publicados utilizando-a para descrever vinhos. Para que a vitivinicultura possa promover o desenvolvimento regional e agroindustrial, é necessário conhecer as possibilidades e problemas, e sobre esta realidade, têm-se condições de estabelecer processos de fabricação baseados em critérios determinados para um produto seguro e com qualidade comprovada nos aspectos físicos, químicos e sensoriais e que possam conquistar o mercado. Objetivou-se aplicar o perfil descritivo otimizado, caracterizar os parâmetros físico-químicos e verificar a aceitação de vinhos tintos produzidos no município de Salgado Filho-PR. Ainda, teve como objetivo verificar as adequações dos vinhos com a legislação vigente e correlacionar as variáveis de medidas sensoriais e instrumentais. No desenvolvimento da metodologia utilizou-se amostras de oito diferentes tipos de vinhos tinto de mesa, produzidos no município de Salgado Filho, todos elaborados com a varietal Bordô. Para traçar o PDO foi utilizada a metodologia proposta por Silva (2012). Foram utilizados os teste de aceitação e intenção de compra para analisar a aceitação sensorial. As variáveis físico-químicas analisadas foram a densidade, teor alcoólico, acidez volátil, acidez total, açúcares redutores e dióxido de enxofre livre e total. Os dados foram analisados por Análise de Variância (ANOVA), teste de Tukey (p=5%) e teste de correlação de Pearson. Os resultados demonstram que no PDO, os vinhos se diferenciaram quanto a cor, gosto ácido e corpo e não tiveram diferenças significativas de aroma, gosto doce e adstringência, pode-se dizer que os vinhos tintos de mesa analisados apresentam cor bordô e aroma de uva com notas de intensidade elevadas, com intensidade média para gosto doce e gosto ácido, pouco encorpados e com baixa adstringência. Quanto à aceitação não houve diferenças significativas entre as amostras e todas obtiveram alto índice de aceitabilidade. Em geral, os parâmetros físico-químicos se enquadraram nos Padrões de Identidade e Qualidade estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira. As variáveis instrumentais e sensoriais apresentaram algumas correlações positivas e negativas fortes que possibilitaram verificar a importância da utilização de ambas medidas para reduzir a demanda de tempo e custo das análises.