M.Ing. / The purpose of this investigation was to develop a double concrete pole which could be used as an angle- or terminal structure for overhead power lines. To act as a double pole, shear flow must be transferred effectively between the two single poles to create the new stronger section. The method to transfer the shear flow must also be practical and economical...

Urbanisation is a social phenomenon that is experienced in many cities all over the world. In Johannesburg, millions of people migrate into the city daily with hope for a better life, improved living conditions, work opportunities, sufficient public resources and facilities. The city is under pressure to provide adequate public resources to cope with the high influx of people moving into the city. As a result many resources and facilities, especially in the education sector, have experienced a decline in the quality of education and appropriate spaces for learning in the city. In trying to respond to the inclining population of the city, urban schools have been established in the Johannesburg. Urban schools are faced with many challenges such as: over-crowding, inadequate spaces for teaching and learning, lack of spaces for extracurricular activities and recreation, thus resulting in most learners performing poorly in their schooling careers. In most cases urban schools occupy old office buildings, which were not designed for the purpose of nurturing a young mind through education and recreation. These buildings serve as part of the problem with education and educating in the city. These buildings offer poor light quality, ventilation, and inadequate spaces critical for a well-functioning school and engaging with inquisitive young minds. The 21st century also presents a lot of opportunities and challenges for public education. The current South African public education system is still based on the early 19th century educational model, which was conceived and designed for the success of colonisation. Fix the next sentence about today... Though, the OBE system was recently introduced, but that has hasn’t had a great impact on the built environment of schools as it mainly continued using the old schools. Through re-conceptualising spatial environments that evoke the students’ engagement, enthusiasm and performance, the urban public school has the potential to make education more appealing and exciting to Johannesburg urban youth.

by So-kuen C. Liew. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [40-45, 3rd gp.]) and index. / Abstract --- p.ii / Acknowledgments --- p.iv / Table of Contents --- p.v / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Distributed Feedback Lasers --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Computer Model --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3 --- Analyses --- p.8 / Chapter 1.4 --- Organization of Thesis --- p.11 / Chapter 2 --- Computer Model --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1 --- Comparison of Theoretical Models --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2 --- Assumptions and Approximations --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Longitudinal Spatial Hole Burning --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Spontaneous Emission --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Nonlinear Gain Saturation --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Carrier-Induced Index Change --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Single-mode Operation Assumption --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Otbers --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3 --- Theories and Approaches --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Coupled Wave Theory --- p.25 / Description --- p.25 / Stop-Band --- p.29 / Second-Order DFB Laser --- p.30 / DFB Designs To Improve SMSR --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Transfer Matrix Approach --- p.32 / Chapter 2.4 --- Above-Threshold Model --- p.34 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Introduction --- p.34 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Formalism --- p.36 / Facet Output Power and Optical Spectrum --- p.39 / Photon Density Distribution --- p.41 / Variance of Photon Density Distribution --- p.42 / Nearfield Distribution --- p.42 / Surface Emission --- p.43 / Power-Current Characteristics --- p.44 / Optical spectrum --- p.45 / Subthreshold Analysis --- p.47 / Linear Yield Analysis --- p.47 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Computer Implementation --- p.48 / Flowchart --- p.48 / Subroutines --- p.52 / "Runtime, Numerical Stability" --- p.56 / Chapter 2.5 --- "Discussion,Summary and Future Work" --- p.59 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Validation of the DFB Model --- p.59 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Summary --- p.67 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Topics for Future Work in Theoretical Modeling --- p.68 / Chapter 3 --- Analysis of DFBDBR Laser --- p.72 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.72 / Chapter 3.2 --- Subthreshold Analysis --- p.78 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Introduction --- p.78 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Results --- p.81 / Symmetric End-Sections --- p.81 / Asymmetric End-Sections --- p.85 / Chapter 3.3 --- Above-threshold Analysis --- p.88 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Analysis --- p.89 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Length Ratio --- p.92 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Design Plot --- p.99 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Longitudinal Spatial Hole Burning --- p.102 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Effective Linewidth Enhancement Factor --- p.104 / Chapter 3.3.6 --- Asymmetric DFBDBR --- p.107 / Chapter 3.4 --- Conclusion --- p.109 / Chapter 4 --- Analysis of Complex-Coupled DFB --- p.110 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.110 / Chapter 4.2 --- Laser Structure --- p.113 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Grating Layer --- p.114 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Parameter Values --- p.119 / Chapter 4.3 --- Above-Threshold Analysis of CCDFB --- p.122 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Threshold Current --- p.122 / Grating Duty Cycle = 0.36 --- p.122 / Grating Duty Cycle = 0.15 --- p.128 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Power Efficiency --- p.131 / Grating Duty Cycle = 0.36 --- p.131 / Grating Duty Cycle = 0.15 --- p.136 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Summary --- p.137 / Chapter 4.4 --- Yield Analysis of LCDFB and QWDFB --- p.138 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Introduction --- p.138 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Method --- p.140 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Results --- p.141 / Facet Phase Angle --- p.141 / Quarterwave Phase-Shifted DFB Laser --- p.144 / Loss-Coupled DFB Laser --- p.148 / Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusion --- p.154 / Chapter 5 --- Summary and Conclusion --- p.157 / Chapter 5.1 --- Summary --- p.157 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Summary of Major Contributions --- p.157 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Summary of Modeling and Validation --- p.159 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Summary of Model Applications --- p.160 / DFBDBR Laser --- p.161 / Loss-Coupled DFB Laser --- p.162 / Chapter 5.2 --- Topics for Future Studies --- p.163 / References --- p.R-l / Appendices --- p.A-l / Chapter A. --- Derivations --- p.A-l / Chapter A.1 --- Noise Power --- p.A-l / Chapter A.2 --- Product of Field Vector and Its Adjoint --- p.A-2 / Chapter A.3 --- Gain-Coupling Coefficient --- p.A-5 / Chapter B. --- Subroutines in Computer Program --- p.A-8 / Chapter B.l --- Subroutines in 'drive.f' --- p.A-8 / Chapter B.2 --- Subroutines in 'Core.f' --- p.A-9 / Chapter B.3 --- Subroutines in 'initiaLf' --- p.A-13 / Chapter B.4 --- Subroutines in ´بmisc.f' --- p.A-14 / Chapter C. --- List of Figures --- p.A-17 / Chapter D. --- List of Tables --- p.A-22 / Chapter E. --- List of Abbreviations and Acronyms --- p.A-23 / Chapter F. --- List of Symbols --- p.A-24 / Chapter G. --- List of Publications --- p.A-27 / Index --- p.I-1

Feng, Shen. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-88). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts also in Chinese.

Yao, Yupei. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 58-60). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts also in Chinese.

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Wong Fai-leung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-89). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.II / 摘要 --- p.III / ACKNOWLEDGMENT --- p.IV / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.V / TABLE OF FIGURES --- p.VII / Chapter 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- BASIC THEORY OF BRANCH LINE COUPLER --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1 --- Four-port network --- p.4 / Chapter 2.2 --- Even-odd mode analysis --- p.5 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Even mode excitation --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Odd mode excitation --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Mathematical analysis --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3 --- Simulation results --- p.12 / Chapter 3 --- REVIEW OF ADVANCED BRANCH LINE COUPLER DESIGNS --- p.15 / Chapter 3.1 --- Broad-band uniplanar branch-line design --- p.15 / Chapter 3.2 --- Compact branch-line couplers using slow-wave structure --- p.17 / Chapter 3.3 --- Miniature branch-line coupler using eight two-step stubs --- p.18 / Chapter 3.4 --- Wide band lumped-element 3-dB quadrature coupler --- p.20 / Chapter 3.5 --- Dual band branch line coupler design using left-handed transmission lines --- p.22 / Chapter 4 --- DESIGN THEORY OF DUAL BAND BRANCH LINE COUPLERS --- p.24 / Chapter 4.1 --- design 1 - dual band branch line coupler with sub-optimum performance --- p.25 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Analysis and design --- p.26 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Size comparison --- p.30 / Chapter 4.2 --- Design 2 - dual band branch line coupler using shunt stubs --- p.34 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Analysis and design --- p.35 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Size comparison --- p.41 / Chapter 5 --- SIMULATION VERIFICATION --- p.44 / Chapter 5.1 --- Design 1 --- p.44 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Schematic simulation --- p.45 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Schematic simulation with line width deviation --- p.48 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Schematic simulation with junction discontinuity --- p.54 / Chapter 5.2 --- Design 2 --- p.58 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Schematic simulation --- p.58 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Schematic simulation with line width deviation --- p.62 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Schematic simulation with junction discontinuity --- p.68 / Chapter 6 --- CIRCUIT IMPLEMENTATION AND CHARACTERIZATION --- p.74 / Chapter 6.1 --- Design 1 --- p.74 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- Circuit fabrication --- p.74 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Measurement results --- p.75 / Chapter 6.2 --- Design 2 --- p.78 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Circuit fabrication --- p.78 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Measurement results --- p.79 / Chapter 7 --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.83 / Chapter 8 --- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE WORK --- p.85 / Chapter 9 --- REFERENCES --- p.86 / Chapter 10 --- AUTHOR'S PUBLICATIONS --- p.90

Chan Wing-kin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-72). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract of this thesis entitled: --- p.ii / 摘要 --- p.iv / Acknowledgements --- p.v / Table of Contents --- p.vi / List of Figures --- p.viii / List of Tables --- p.x / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Overview of Communication Systems --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Soft-output Viterbi Decoder and Turbo Code --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Iterative Decoding --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4 --- Motivation --- p.3 / Chapter 1.5 --- Organization of the Thesis --- p.4 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Self-timed Circuit Design Methodology --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- Properties of Self-Timed Design --- p.5 / Chapter 2.2 --- Bundled-data Protocol --- p.7 / Chapter 2.3 --- Two-phase verses Four-phase Handshaking --- p.8 / Chapter 2.4 --- Completion-Detection and Delay Match --- p.9 / Chapter 2.5 --- Muller Pipeline --- p.11 / Chapter 2.6 --- Design of the Adder --- p.12 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Basic Structure --- p.12 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Carry Chain and Completion Detection --- p.12 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- SOVA Theory --- p.15 / Chapter 3.1 --- Convolutional Encoder --- p.15 / Chapter 3.2 --- Hard verse Soft Decision Decoding --- p.17 / Chapter 3.3 --- Soft Output Viterbi Algorithm --- p.17 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Viterbi Algorithm --- p.17 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Soft Output Algorithm --- p.20 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Proposed SOVA Decoder Design --- p.24 / Chapter 4.1 --- Overview --- p.24 / Chapter 4.2 --- SOVA Decoder Architecture --- p.24 / Chapter 4.3 --- Branch Metric Unit --- p.26 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Branch Metric Generation --- p.26 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Implementation --- p.27 / Chapter 4.4 --- Add-Compare-Select Unit --- p.28 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Basics --- p.28 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Self-timed design --- p.28 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Metric Normalization --- p.30 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- ACS Unit Implementation --- p.31 / Chapter 4.5 --- Traceback Unit --- p.33 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Viterbi Algorithm Traceback --- p.33 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Two Step SOVA --- p.34 / Chapter 4.5.3 --- Past Designs --- p.36 / Chapter 4.5.4 --- New Traceback Architecture --- p.38 / Chapter 4.5.5 --- Traceback operation --- p.40 / Chapter 4.5.6 --- Traceback Implementation --- p.42 / Chapter 4.5.7 --- Control Signals --- p.48 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Experimental Result and Discussion --- p.54 / Chapter 5.1 --- Chip Fabrication --- p.54 / Chapter 5.2 --- Measurements --- p.61 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.67 / References --- p.69 / Appendix --- p.73 / Pin Assignment of the SOVA test chip --- p.73