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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Estimação de energia para calorimetria em física de altas energias baseada em representação esparsa / Energy estimation for high-energy physics calorimetry based on sparse representation

Barbosa, Davis Pereira 17 March 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-09-28T18:09:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 davispereirabarbosa.pdf: 10683458 bytes, checksum: 8cd37a50126b8e958532ac4b151e99d4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-10-09T19:24:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 davispereirabarbosa.pdf: 10683458 bytes, checksum: 8cd37a50126b8e958532ac4b151e99d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-09T19:24:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 davispereirabarbosa.pdf: 10683458 bytes, checksum: 8cd37a50126b8e958532ac4b151e99d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-17 / Esta tese propõe uma nova abordagem baseada em representação esparsa para o problema de estimação de energia em calorimetria de altas energias em cenários com empilhamento de sinais. Inserida dentro do programa de atualização do experimento ATLAS, no LHC, ela teve como principal motivação o aumento progressivo da luminosidade no colisionador e suas consequências relativas ao problema da estimação da energia nos canais do calorímetro eletromagnético do ATLAS, o LArg. Dois métodos de estimação foram propostos e denominados de SPARSE e SPARSE-COF, ambos utilizando programação linear na busca pela esparsidade. Esses métodos tiveram os seus desempenhos avaliados em diversas simulações e foram comparados com o método clássico utilizado nos calorímetros do ATLAS, denominado OF, e com o DM-COF, método recentemente desenvolvido para o calorímetro hadrônico do ATLAS que trata o problema de empilhamento de sinais em sua formulação. Nas diversas simulações realizadas, os métodos SPARSE e SPARSE-COF apresentaram desempenho superior aos demais, principalmente quando a janela de observação utilizada para a estimação da energia não contém todas as amostras do pulso típico do calorímetro, operando em cenários de empilhamento de sinais. Adicionalmente, através dados de simulações Monte Carlo do LArg, os métodos baseados em representação esparsa foram avaliados utilizando programação linear e também métodos esparsos de menor complexidade computacional,como o IRLS,o OMP e o LS-OMP. Os resultados mostraram que o método LS-OMP apresentou desempenho equivalente aos métodos e SPARSE e SPARSE-COF, qualificando-o como candidato a ser utilizado para estimação on-line de energia no LArg. / This thesis proposes a new approach based on sparse representation for the energy estimation problem in high energy calorimetry operating in pile-up scenarios. This work was mainly motivated by the progressive increase of the LHC luminosity and its consequences on the energy estimation problem for channels of the electromagnetic calorimeter of ATLAS (LArg), in the context of the ATLAS experiment upgrade program at the LHC. Two estimation methods were proposed and named SPARSE and SPARSE-COF, both using linear programming in the search for sparsity. These methods were evaluated in several simulations and compared with the classical method used in ATLAS calorimeters, called OF, and with DM-COF, a recently developed method for the ATLAS hadronic calorimeter that addresses pileup problem in its formulation. In the various simulations performed, SPARSE and SPARSE-COF methods performed better than others, especially when the observation window used for energy estimation does not contain all samples of the typical calorimeter pulse, operating in pile-up scenarios. In addition, through LArg Monte Carlo simulations, the methods based on sparse representation were evaluated using linear programming and also sparse methods with less computational complexity, such as IRLS, OMP and LS-OMP. The results showed that the LS-OMP method presented performance equivalent to the SPARSE and SPARSE-COF methods,qualifying it as a candidate to be used for online energy estimation in LArg.
12

Reconstrução de energia para calorímetros finamente segmentados / Energy reconstruction for finely segmented calorimeters

Peralva, Bernardo Sotto-Maior 11 September 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2015-12-16T13:33:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 bernardosottomaiorperalva.pdf: 8631621 bytes, checksum: e4e7f3d592c91e719474b259727bab6c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2015-12-16T15:15:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 bernardosottomaiorperalva.pdf: 8631621 bytes, checksum: e4e7f3d592c91e719474b259727bab6c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-16T15:15:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 bernardosottomaiorperalva.pdf: 8631621 bytes, checksum: e4e7f3d592c91e719474b259727bab6c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-11 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta tese apresenta técnicas de processamento de dados para a detecção de sinais e estimação de energia usando calorimetria de altas energias. Os calorímetros modernos possuem milhares de canais de leitura e operam sob alta taxa de eventos. Tipicamente, a reconstrução da energia envolve etapas de detecção e estimação, e é baseada na medida da amplitude do sinal (digitalizado) recebido. Os métodos empregados, atualmente, em experimentos de altas energias são baseados em técnicas de minimização da variância e selecionam os sinais de interesse a partir da estimação da energia. Este trabalho explora o uso de filtros casados para a detecção de sinais e faz uso de uma calibração para a estimação da energia dos sinais. Na abordagem proposta, os parâmetros aleatórios do pulso processado (fase e deformação) e a estatística do ruído de fundo são considerados no projeto do filtro digital, aumentando seu desempenho. No caso particular de experimentos onde a probabilidade de empilhamento de sinais é alta, uma outra solução, baseada na desconvolução linear de sinais para estimação de energia, é discutida. As técnicas propostas nesta tese foram implementadas offline e aplicadas no calorímetro de telhas (TileCal) do ATLAS no LHC. Foram utilizados sinais simulados, assim como dados reais adquiridos durante a operação nominal do LHC. Os estimadores propostos apresentaram menor erro quando comparados aos métodos empregados em calorímetros modernos e estão, atualmente, sendo validados para serem utilizados no TileCal. / This thesis presents data processing techniques of signal detection and energy estimation for high energy calorimetry. Modern calorimeters have thousands of readout channels and operate at high event rate conditions. Typically, the energy reconstruction involves both detection and estimation tasks, and it is based on the amplitude estimation of the received digitized signal. The current methods employed by high energy experiments are based on variance minimization techniques, and the valid signals are selected based on the energy estimation. This work explores the use of a technique based on Matched Filter for signal detection, and it makes use of a calibration factor to estimate the energy. In the proposed approach, the stochastic parameters of the pulse (phase and deformation) and the statistics from the background are considered for the filter design in order to increase performance. In particular cases, where the signal pile-up is likely to occur, another promising technique, based on linear signal deconvolution is discussed. The techniques proposed in this thesis were implemented offline and applied on the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter (TileCal) at LHC. Both simulated signals and real data acquired during nominal LHC operation were used. The proposed estimators presented smaller error with respect to the methods currently used in modern calorimeter systems, and they have been extensively tested to be used in TileCal.
13

Optimisation des performances de réseaux de capteurs dynamiques par le contrôle de synchronisation dans les systèmes ultra large bande / Optimizing the performance of dynamic sensor networks by controlling the synchronization in ultra wide band systems

Alhakim, Rshdee 29 January 2013 (has links)
Dans cette thèse nous nous sommes principalement concentrés sur les transmissions impulsion radio Ultra Large Bande (UWB-IR) qui a plusieurs avantages grâce à la nature de sa bande très large (entre 3.1GHZ et 10.6GHz) qui permet un débit élevé et une très bonne résolution temporelle. Ainsi, la très courte durée des impulsions émises assure une transmission robuste dans un canal multi-trajets dense. Enfin la faible densité spectrale de puissance du signal permet au système UWB de coexister avec les applications existantes. En raison de toutes ces caractéristiques, la technologie UWB a été considérée comme une technologie prometteuse pour les applications WSN. Cependant, il existe plusieurs défis technologiques pour l'implémentation des systèmes UWB. A savoir, une distorsion différente de la forme d'onde du signal reçu pour chaque trajet, la conception d'antennes très larges bandes de petites dimensions et non coûteuses, la synchronisation d'un signal impulsionnel, l'utilisation de modulation d'onde d'ordre élevé pour améliorer le débit etc. Dans ce travail, Nous allons nous intéresser à l'étude et l'amélioration de la synchronisation temporelle dans les systèmes ULB. / The basic concept of Impulse-Radio UWB (IR-UWB) technology is to transmit and receive baseband impulse waveform streams of very low power density and ultra-short duration pulses (typically at nanosecond scale). These properties of UWB give rise to fine time-domain resolution, rich multipath diversity, low power and low cost on-chip implementation facility, high secure and safety, enhanced penetration capability, high user capacity, and potential spectrum compatibility with existing narrowband systems. Due to all these features, UWB technology has been considered as a feasible technology for WSN applications. While UWB has many reasons to make it a useful and exciting technology for wireless sensor networks and many other applications, it also has some challenges which must be overcome for it to become a popular approach, such as interference from other UWB users, accurate modelling of the UWB channel in various environments, wideband RF component (antennas, low noise amplifiers) designs, accurate synchronization, high sampling rate for digital implementations, and so on. In this thesis, we will focus only on one of the most critical issues in ultra wideband systems: Timing Synchronization.
14

Méthodes avancées de traitement de la parole et de réduction de bruit pour les terminaux mobiles / Advanced methods of speech processing and noise reduction for mobile devices

Mai, Van Khanh 09 March 2017 (has links)
Cette thèse traite d'un des problèmes les plus stimulants dans le traitement de la parole concernant la prothèse auditive, où seulement un capteur est disponible avec de faibles coûts de calcul, de faible utilisation d'énergie et l'absence de bases de données. Basée sur les récents résultats dans les deux estimations statistiques paramétriques et non-paramétriques, ainsi que la représentation parcimonieuse. Cette étude propose quelques techniques non seulement pour améliorer la qualité et l'intelligibilité de la parole, mais aussi pour s'attaquer au débruitage du signal audio en général.La thèse est divisée en deux parties ; Dans la première partie, on aborde le problème d'estimation de la densité spectrale de puissance du bruit, particulièrement pour le bruit non-stationnaire. Ce problème est une des parties principales du traitement de la parole du mono-capteur. La méthode proposée prend en compte le modèle parcimonieux de la parole dans le domaine transféré. Lorsque la densité spectrale de puissance du bruit est estimée, une approche sémantique est exploitée pour tenir compte de la présence ou de l'absence de la parole dans la deuxième partie. En combinant l'estimation Bayésienne et la détection Neyman-Pearson, quelques estimateurs paramétriques sont développés et testés dans le domaine Fourier. Pour approfondir la performance et la robustesse de débruitage du signal audio, une approche semi-paramétrique est considérée. La conjointe détection et estimation peut être interprétée par Smoothed Sigmoid-Based Shrinkage (SSBS). Ainsi, la méthode Bloc-SSBS est proposée afin de prendre en compte les atomes voisinages dans le domaine temporel-fréquentiel. De plus, pour améliorer fructueusement la qualité de la parole et du signal audio, un estimateur Bayésien est aussi dérivé et combiné avec la méthode Bloc-SSBS. L'efficacité et la pertinence de la stratégie dans le domaine transformée cosinus pour les débruitages de la parole et de l'audio sont confirmées par les résultats expérimentaux. / This PhD thesis deals with one of the most challenging problem in speech enhancement for assisted listening where only one micro is available with the low computational cost, the low power usage and the lack out of the database. Based on the novel and recent results both in non-parametric and parametric statistical estimation and sparse representation, this thesis work proposes several techniques for not only improving speech quality and intelligibility and but also tackling the denoising problem of the other audio signal. In the first major part, our work addresses the problem of the noise power spectrum estimation, especially for non-stationary noise, that is the key part in the single channel speech enhancement. The proposed approach takes into account the weak-sparseness model of speech in the transformed model. Once the noise power spectrum has been estimated, a semantic road is exploited to take into consideration the presence or absence of speech in the second major part. By applying the joint of the Bayesian estimator and the Neyman-Pearson detection, some parametric estimators were developed and tested in the discrete Fourier transform domain. For further improve performance and robustness in audio denoising, a semi-parametric approach is considered. The joint detection and estimation can be interpreted by Smoothed Sigmoid-Based Shrinkage (SSBS). Thus, Block-SSBS is proposed to take into additionally account the neighborhood bins in the time-frequency domain. Moreover, in order to enhance fruitfully speech and audio, a Bayesian estimator is also derived and combined with Block-SSBS. The effectiveness and relevance of this strategy in the discrete Cosine transform for both speech and audio denoising are confirmed by experimental results.
15

Reconstrução de energia em calorímetros operando em alta luminosidade usando estimadores de máxima verossimilhança / Reconstrution of energy in calorimeters operating in high brigthness enviroments using maximum likelihood estimators

Paschoalin, Thiago Campos 15 March 2016 (has links)
Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2016-08-12T11:54:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 thiagocampospaschoalin.pdf: 3743029 bytes, checksum: f4b20678855edee77ec6c63903785d60 (MD5) / Rejected by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br), reason: Isabela, verifique que no resumo há algumas palavras unidas. on 2016-08-15T13:06:32Z (GMT) / Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2016-08-15T13:57:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 thiagocampospaschoalin.pdf: 3743029 bytes, checksum: f4b20678855edee77ec6c63903785d60 (MD5) / Rejected by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br), reason: separar palavras no resumo e palavras-chave on 2016-08-16T11:34:37Z (GMT) / Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2016-12-19T13:07:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 thiagocampospaschoalin.pdf: 3743029 bytes, checksum: f4b20678855edee77ec6c63903785d60 (MD5) / Rejected by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br), reason: Consertar palavras unidas no resumo on 2017-02-03T12:27:10Z (GMT) / Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-02-03T12:51:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 thiagocampospaschoalin.pdf: 3743029 bytes, checksum: f4b20678855edee77ec6c63903785d60 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-02-03T12:54:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 thiagocampospaschoalin.pdf: 3743029 bytes, checksum: f4b20678855edee77ec6c63903785d60 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-03T12:54:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 thiagocampospaschoalin.pdf: 3743029 bytes, checksum: f4b20678855edee77ec6c63903785d60 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-15 / Esta dissertação apresenta técnicas de processamento de sinais a fim de realizar a Estimação da energia, utilizando calorimetria de altas energias. O CERN, um dos mais importantes centros de pesquisa de física de partículas, possui o acelerador de partículas LHC, onde está inserido o ATLAS. O TileCal, importante calorímetro integrante do ATLAS, possui diversos canais de leitura, operando com altas taxas de eventos. A reconstrução da energia das partículas que interagem com este calorímetro é realizada através da estimação da amplitude do sinal gerado nos canais do mesmo. Por este motivo, a modelagem correta do ruído é importante para se desenvolver técnicas de estimação eficientes. Com o aumento da luminosidade (número de partículas que incidem no detector por unidade de tempo) no TileCal, altera-se o modelo do ruído, o que faz com que as técnicas de estimação utilizadas anteriormente apresentem uma queda de desempenho. Com a modelagem deste novo ruído como sendo uma Distribuição Lognormal, torna possível o desenvolvimento de uma nova técnica de estimação utilizando Estimadores de Máxima Verossimilhança (do inglês Maximum Likelihood Estimator MLE), aprimorando a estimação dos parâmetros e levando à uma reconstrução da energia do sinal de forma mais correta. Uma nova forma de análise da qualidade da estimação é também apresentada, se mostrando bastante eficiente e útil em ambientes de alta luminosidade. A comparação entre o método utilizado pelo CERN e o novo método desenvolvido mostrou que a solução proposta é superior em desempenho, sendo adequado o seu uso no novo cenário de alta luminosidade no qual o TileCal estará sujeito a partir de 2018. / This paper presents signal processing techniques that performs signal detection and energy estimation using calorimetry high energies. The CERN, one of the most important physics particles research center, has the LHC, that contains the ATLAS. The TileCal, important device of the ATLAS calorimeter, is the component that involves a lot of parallel channels working, involving high event rates. The reconstruction of the signal energy that interact with this calorimeter is performed through estimation of the amplitude of signal generated by this calorimter. So, accurate noise modeling is important to develop efficient estimation techniques. With high brightness in TileCal, the noise model modifies, which leads a performance drop of estimation techniques used previously. Modelling this new noise as a lognormal distribution allows the development of a new estimation technique using the MLE (Maximum Like lihood Estimation), improving parameter sestimation and leading to a more accurately reconstruction of the signal energy. A new method to analise the estimation quality is presented, wich is very effective and useful in high brightness enviroment conditions. The comparison between the method used by CERN and the new method developed revealed that the proposed solution is superior and is suitable to use in this kind of ambient that TileCal will be working from 2018.
16

Detecção de sinais e estimação de energia para calorimetria de altas energias / Signal detection and energy estimation for high energy calorimetry

Peralva, Bernardo Sotto-Maior 07 May 2012 (has links)
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-04-20T15:14:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 bernardosottomaiorperalva.pdf: 4608167 bytes, checksum: c63c1f7fc453965f36158791fb85964e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-04-24T16:49:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 bernardosottomaiorperalva.pdf: 4608167 bytes, checksum: c63c1f7fc453965f36158791fb85964e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-24T16:49:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 bernardosottomaiorperalva.pdf: 4608167 bytes, checksum: c63c1f7fc453965f36158791fb85964e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-07 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Nesta dissertação, são apresentados métodos para detecção de sinais e estimação de energia para calorimetria de altas energias aplicados no calorímetro hadrônico (TileCal) do ATLAS. A energia depositada em cada célula do calorímetro é adquirida por dois canais eletrônicos de leitura e é estimada, separadamente, através da reconstrução da amplitude do pulso digitalizado amostrado a cada 25 ns. Este trabalho explora a aplicabilidade de uma aproximação do Filtro Casado no ambiente do TileCal para detectar sinais e estimar sua amplitude. Além disso, este trabalho explora o impacto na detecção de eventos válidos e estimação da amplitude quando somam-se os sinais referentes à mesma célula antes da aplicação do filtro. O método proposto é comparado com o Filtro Ótimo atualmente utilizado pelo TileCal para reconstrução de energia. Os resultados para dados simulados e de colisão mostram que, para condições em que a linha de base do sinal de entrada pode ser considerada estacionária, a técnica proposta apresenta uma melhor eficiência de detecção e estimação do que a alcançada pelo Filtro Ótimo empregada no TileCal. / The Tile Barrel Calorimeter (TileCal) is the central section of the hadronic calorimeter of ATLAS at LHC. The energy deposited in each cell of the calorimeter is read out by two electronic channels for redundancy and is estimated, per channel, by reconstructing the amplitude of the digitized signal pulse sampled every 25 ns. This work presents signal detection and energy estimation methods for high energy calorimetry, applied to the TileCal environment. It investigates the applicability of a Matched Filter and, furthermore, it explores the impact when summing the signals belonging to the same cell before the estimating and detecting procedures. The proposed method is compared to the Optimal Filter algorithm, that is currently been used at TileCal for energy reconstruction. The results for simulated and collision data sets showed that for conditions where the signal pedestal could be considered stationary, the proposed method achieves better detection and estimation efficiencies than the Optimal Filter technique employed in TileCal.

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