Civil aviation provides for large scale, rapid, safe and reliable transport over long distances. In the last half of the 20th century, the reliability of air transport has increased, safety has improved and costs have reduced: the volume of civil aviation has greatly increased and demand continues to rise. The social and economic benefits arising from aviation are substantial while its environmental costs are significant and increasing: with current technologies aviation is considered to be essentially unsustainable. Sustainable development as a concept, arose in the latter part of the 20th century. It may be regarded as a journey of changes through time, a journey navigating a wide range of changes in technology and behaviour thought to be needed to move towards a better level of sustainability. There is a need to apply the principles of sustainable development to the practice of the civil aviation industry. The research on which this thesis is based draws on sustainable development literature, general systems theory and quality principles to derive a holistic and systemic sustainable development model, and a methodology for deriving indicators of sustainable development. These are then applied to the civil aviation system, to select and construct indicators of sustainable development in civil aviation. The indicator selection process is participative, and seeks the views of stakeholders of UK civil aviation. Stakeholders are asked, via a Delphi study, to give their views on the meaning of sustainable aviation, and on the most important aspects of sustainable development in civil aviation. The research proposes a set of 29 indicators for sustainable development in civil aviation, including institutional and regulatory indicators. The research findings suggest that, amongst UK civil aviation stakeholders, there is some consensus on the important sustainability issues facing civil aviation, and on their choice of indicators. There is little understanding of the meaning of sustainable aviation, and disagreement on policies to adopt in favour of sustainable development in aviation. Amongst stakeholders from civil aviation organisations, there is strong opposition to regulatory or economic policies in favour of sustainable development. While the safety of civil aviation is institutionalised, there is evidence to suggest that opposition to other aspects of sustainable development is embedded in the regulatory and operational organisations of civil aviation in the UK.

This work focuses on regional disparities in the Sphere in the Vysočina Region. This work analyses the offer of tourism in these area, it looks for disparities in microregions Pelhřimovsko and Jihlavsko and it recommends indikators for their measuring. Using this indicators this work assesses the disparities of tourism and recommends some ways to reduce these regional disparities.

The research paper assesses the local sustainable development work in Sweden. A theoretical framework has been constructed and applied to six Swedish municipalities. The framework is based on a holistic view and incorporates the structural (integration in the municipality, use of a management system), inclusive (involvement of the citizens), analytical (use of sustainable development indicator) and systematic (framework for sustainable development, sustainability policies) perspective of sustainable development work. In particular, the use and implementation of sustainable development indicators was in the research focus. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to examine the sustainable development work on the local level. The assessment showed that sustainable development work is to a different extent integrated in the municipality. Some municipalities have dedicated teams working with sustainable development, in other municipalities lies the responsibility on the department chefs. Overall, the municipalities try with the resources they have to work at their best for a sustainable future for their municipality. However, there is room for improvement in terms of structural implementation, use of effective tools and involvement of the citizens.

The designation of protected areas is currently the most widely adopted means of conserving natural ecosystems. Whilst the conservation of nature is the primary concern in protected areas, it is also recognized that meeting the needs and priorities of participants (e. g. local residents, visitors) is vital to the long-term survival of such areas. Studies dealing with attitudes of participants may improve protected area management, and help to identify the problems in the area. The Ph.D. thesis "Sustainable tourism in selected protected areas in the Czech Republic" was carried out in Krkonose National Park (KPNAP), Sumava National Park (NP) and Protected Landscape Area (PLA) in the Czech Republic and in Karkonoski Park Narodowy (KPN) in Poland. Many socioenvironmental research studies have been done focusing on the problems of tourism in these areas. The results of these studies could be affected by the timing and location of the survey. The main objective of the research is to compare characteristics and attitudes of visitors and local people in protected areas in different seasons (winter and summer) and in different types of protected areas (national parks and protected landscape area). The first part of the results finds the differences between perceptions and attitudes of visitors of the...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:53:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HELAINE SOARES PIMENTEL TEIXEIRA.pdf: 23721451 bytes, checksum: 31ee28475a9cfed2ee6e807caffc7603 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-08 / Tourist activity presents a significant growth worldwide, being an activity that directly or indirectly nurture jobs, promotes local development, generates income and contributes significantly to improving the quality of life of people. However it should be evident that this activity has its impact, whether negative and positive. Among the negatives we have the mass tourism contribute to the expansion of environmental problems and the positive favoring development of a community. Given these impacts already evidenced by tourism, this activity is currently being undertaken on a new environmental paradigm, taking into consideration the principles of sustainability, identified as a powerful tool for development and as such, can actively participate in sustainable development strategies. This research aimed to evaluate the tourism city of Buriti Alegre / Goiás, through the key indicators of sustainability of the World Tourism Organization, aimed at developing the local tourism sustainability. For its development beyond literature, drew up questionnaires that analyze the satisfaction of residents, tourists and owners of the attractions of the municipality with respect to tourism in the municipality. After analyzing the questionnaires it was found that the community, tourists and owners of attractions in the city consider local tourism as economic development, believes the city has tourism potential and wants city managers implement means for its development. We conclude that tourism in the municipality is not configured as sustainable tourism, according to the analysis of key indicators of OMT as noted structural problems, social and environmental. / A atividade turística apresenta um expressivo crescimento mundial, por ser uma atividade que de forma direta ou indireta oportuniza postos de trabalho, favorece o desenvolvimento local, gera renda e contribui significativamente para a melhoria da qualidade de vida das pessoas. No entanto deve-se evidenciar que esta atividade tem seus impactos, sejam eles negativos e positivos. Dentre os negativos temos a massificação do turismo contribuindo com a expansão dos problemas ambientais e os positivos o favorecimento de desenvolvimento de uma comunidade. Diante destes impactos já evidenciados pelo turismo, atualmente esta atividade é desenvolvida sobre um novo paradigma ambiental, levando em considerações os princípios da sustentabilidade, apontada como um poderoso instrumento de desenvolvimento e como tal, pode participar ativamente das estratégias de desenvolvimento sustentável. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o turismo do município de Buriti Alegre/Goiás, por meio dos indicadores-chaves de sustentabilidade da Organização Mundial do Turismo, visando o desenvolvimento da sustentabilidade turística local. Para o seu desenvolvimento além de levantamento bibliográfico, elaborou-se questionários que analisam a satisfação dos moradores, turistas e proprietários dos atrativos do município com relação ao turismo do município. Após a análise dos questionários verificou-se que a comunidade, os turistas e os proprietários de atrativos no município consideram o turismo local como desenvolvimento econômico, acredita que o município tem potencial turístico e deseja que os gestores municipais implementassem meios para o seu desenvolvimento. Conclui-se que o turismo do município não se configura como um turismo sustentável, de acordo com a análise dos indicadores-chaves da OMT, pois se observa problemas de ordem estrutural, social e ambiental.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:53:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GRAZZIELLE COELHO RODRIGUES.pdf: 14308254 bytes, checksum: 189c3ca95fd0a2070c329a6346108ed2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-07 / The city of Buriti Alegre - Goiás is one of the municipalities that do not contain adequate infrastructure at the disposal of waste in the city, 14 km to the dump houses municipal waste, construction and electronics, among electronic mestais stand the heavy elements that can contaminate soil and local hydrology, losses of contamination of municipal waste cause problems in the health, economic and social / environmental sustainability ruling in favor of the welfare of the population. The objective of this study is to assess the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) from the city of Goiás-Buriti Alegre, as improvement in the urban environment and highlight the damage that the city may face a policy sustainable without, from that offer subsidies for training a plan for solid waste management for the city. For the study of MSW, we used the methodology proposed by Milanez, specific for RS 2002. The 12 indicators were worked as an interview with public officials and opinion leaders as teachers and traders of the city. They analyzed the indicators and from this it was possible to evaluate the indicators such as favorable, unfavorable and very unfavorable, as the application of sustainability indicators in Buriti Alegre-Goiás, seven (70%) tended very unfavorable, three (30%) and two negative (20%) in favor, which explains the lack of assessment and the lack of an MSW landfill. To implement the results identified himself as the relationship gets lost in the fauna and flora of a certain place with the incidence of a dump, we assessed the level of soil contamination by heavy metals by analyzing physical chemistry at the dump, the goal of analysis identified the level of contamination of heavy metals such as lead, manganese, cadmium, mercury and tin in and out of the landfill and the interference of these chemicals in the ecosystem. / A cidade de Buriti Alegre Goiás constitui um dos municípios brasileiros que não contém infraestrutura adequada na disposição dos resíduos da cidade, o lixão a 14 km aloja resíduos urbanos, de construção civil e eletrônicos, dentre os eletrônicos se destacam os mestais pesados, elementos que podem trazer desvantagens ao ambiente, os prejuízos da contaminação de resíduos urbanos provocam problemas no âmbito da saúde, econômico e ambiental descartando a sustentabilidade em prol do bem estar da população. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em avaliar os Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU) da cidade de Buriti Alegre - Goiás, como melhoria no ambiente urbano e destacar os prejuízos que a cidade possa enfrentar sem uma política sustentável, a partir disso oferecer subsídios para formação de um plano de gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos para a cidade. Para o estudo dos RSU, utilizou-se a metodologia proposta por Milanez, (2002) específica para RS. Os 12 indicadores foram trabalhados em forma de entrevista com gestores públicos, comerciantes e professores da cidade. Os mesmos analisaram os indicadores e a partir disso foi possível avaliar os indicadores como favoráveis, muito desfavoráveis e desfavoráveis, quanto à aplicação dos indicadores de sustentabilidade para os gestores de Buriti Alegre- Goiás, (70 %) apresentou tendência muito desfavorável, (30%) desfavorável e (20 %) favorável, o que explica a falta de avaliação de RSU e a ausência do aterro sanitário. Para implementar os resultados identificou-se o quanto se perde em relação a fauna e flora de determinado local com a incidência de um lixão, avaliou-se o nível de contaminação do solo para metais pesados através da análise físico química no lixão, o objetivo da análise permitiu identificar o nível de contaminação de metais pesados de dentro e fora do lixão e a interferências desses elementos químicos no ecossistema.

Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-03-01T11:58:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) PDF - Crisólogo Vieira de Souza.pdf: 2764252 bytes, checksum: 7d9750f8e7d496140613075bd52551ed (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-06-13T20:32:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 PDF - Crisólogo Vieira de Souza.pdf: 2764252 bytes, checksum: 7d9750f8e7d496140613075bd52551ed (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-13T20:32:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 PDF - Crisólogo Vieira de Souza.pdf: 2764252 bytes, checksum: 7d9750f8e7d496140613075bd52551ed (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Rural development followed the model of modernization of economic development, culminating in social, environmental and economic consequences. In the absence of local development indicators to assess rural settlements, considered only economic performance. In this context, it was necessary to characterize the social development indicators, economic, environmental and organizational of the Assentamento Carrasco,in addition to assess development indicators of the assenatmento using Multicriteria analysis methods, and these determinations were the main objectives of this work. The assentamento is located between the cities of Esperança and Alagoa Nova, in the middle region of Agreste of Paraíba, and it is the experiemtnal unit. The methodological procedures consisted of applying structured questionnaires, with questions related to quantitative and / or qualitative indicators of social, economic, environmental and organizational of the Assentamento. The analysis of development indicators were made using statistical distributions and methods of Multicriteria Analysis, Weighted Average and the ELECTRE I. The main results reveal the low education of the assentados and a regular health service. In the economic dimension (productive) families have a predominant wage income of no more than minimum wage. In a general context, it is emphasized that farmers need to resort to social benefits, the most important are Bolsa Família, Seguro Safra and Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escola-PNAE, and the main source of funding is the Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar- PRONAF. The family farms developed in the Assentamento are based on subsistence farming or traditional and permanent crops, apart from agriculture, there are also agricultural activities, livestock, aviculture and apiculture. The source of water supply for irrigation comes from Riacho Ribeira and eight small reservoirs located inside the Assentamento and water for human consumption is captured trough rain, and the water is stored in tanks. Given the results obtained in the Multicriteria Analysis of the Assentamento Carrasco, it can be concluded that the methods Weighted Average and ELECTRE I, were effective in assessing the Assentamento in its dimensions: social, economic - productive, environmental and organizational, But the ELECTRE I method has a mathematical model, robustness and other criteria molded to the place in question, thus the proposed method as a tool for evaluation of the indicators of social, economic, environmental and organizational of the Assentamento Carrasco. / O desenvolvimento rural acompanhou o modelo de modernização do desenvolvimento econômico, que culminou em consequências sociais, ambientais e econômicas. Na ausência de indicadores de desenvolvimento local para avaliar os assentamentos rurais, considerava-se apenas o desempenho econômico. Nesse contexto, houve a necessidade de caracterizar os indicadores de desenvolvimento social, econômico, ambiental e organizacional do Assentamento Carrasco, além de avaliar os indicadores de desenvolvimento do referido assentamento, utilizando métodos de análise Multicritério, sendo essas determinações os objetivos principais deste trabalho. O assentamento localiza-se entre os municípios de Esperança e Alagoa Nova, na mesorregião do Agreste da Paraíba, e constituiu a unidade experimental. Os procedimentos metodológicos consistiram na aplicação de questionários estruturados, com perguntas relacionadas a itens quantitativos e/ou qualitativos de indicadores de desenvolvimento social, econômico, ambiental e organizacional do referido assentamento. As análises dos dados foram feitas utilizando-se distribuições estatísticas e os indicadores de desenvolvimento pelos métodos de Análise Multicritério, Média Ponderada e o ELECTRE I. Os principais resultados revelam a baixa escolaridade dos assentados e um serviço de saúde regular. Na dimensão econômica (produtiva) as famílias apresentam uma renda predominante de no máximo um salário mínimo. Em um contexto geral, destaca-se que os agricultores necessitam recorrer aos benefícios sociais, sendo os mais importantes o Bolsa Família, o Seguro Safra e o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escola- PNAE, e a principal fonte de financiamento é o Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar- PRONAF. A agricultura familiar desenvolvida no assentamento é baseada cultivo de subsistência ou tradicionais e cultivos permanentes, além da agricultura, existem também atividades da agropecuária, a criação bovina, de aves e apicultura. A fonte de suprimento de água para irrigação provém do Riacho Ribeira e de oito pequenos reservatórios localizados no interior do assentamento e a água para o consumo humano, da captação de água da chuva armazenada em cisternas. Perante os resultados obtidos nas análises multicritério do Assentamento Carrasco, pode-se concluir que os métodos Média Ponderada e ELECTRE I, mostraram-se eficazes ao avaliar o referido assentamento em suas dimensões: social, econômica – produtiva, ambiental e organizacional, porém o método ELECTRE I foi o que apresentou modelo matemático, robustez e demais critérios moldados ao cenário em questão, sendo assim o método proposto como ferramenta para avaliação dos indicadores de desenvolvimento social, econômico, ambiental e organizacional do Assentamento Carrasco.

A interação do ser humano com o ambiente tem modificado o uso da terra ao longo dos anos gerando benefícios para as sociedades, como o aumento na produção de alimentos. Ao mesmo tempo, estas mudanças têm trazido conseqüências negativas que podem ser determinantes na vulnerabilidade de lugares e pessoas. Para equilibrar os benefícios e malefícios gerados com as modificações no uso da terra é necessário que haja maiores conhecimentos sobre os impactos que cada tipo de empreendimento provoca nas diferentes visões que contemplam o desenvolvimento sustentável, ou seja na economia local, na sociedade e no meio ambiente. As atividades agrárias trabalham diretamente com o uso da terra e, dentre estas, o setor florestal encontra-se em destaque por apresentar um rápido crescimento e expansão em diversas partes do país. Entretanto, atualmente, no Rio Grande do Sul o crescimento deste setor tem gerado polêmicas e conflitos sobre os reais impactos positivos e negativos provocados com os plantios florestais comerciais. Deste modo, esta pesquisa se propôs estudar três municípios (Butiá, Cacequi e Encruzilhada do Sul) que apresentam fragilidades ambientais diferentes em relação à atividade de silvicultura, caracterizando as mudanças no uso da terra que ocorreram nestes locais; observando a evolução de indicadores sociais, ambientais, econômicos e infra-estruturais; e também obtendo a percepção de representantes destes municípios sobre as mudanças no uso da terra e os impactos gerados pelos plantios florestais. Para isto, foram utilizadas duas metodologias, sendo uma quantitativa, que consistiu em observar o comportamento de indicadores ambientais, econômicos, sociais e infra-estruturais; e outra qualitativa, utilizando entrevistas com representantes dos municípios estudados para obter a percepção desejada. Os resultados encontrados demonstram que há semelhanças entre os municípios e apresentam, de modo geral, uma melhora nos indicadores observados nas dimensões: ambiental, social, econômica e infra-estrutural; na percepção dos entrevistados há divergências de opiniões sobre os impactos gerados pelas mudanças no uso da terra com os plantios florestais e, assim como os demais usos da terra a implantação florestal pode gerar impactos considerados positivos e negativos, mas que devem ser observados em uma visão multidimensional antes de se estimular a atividade como alternativa para a região, para que os impactos negativos sejam minimizados. / The interaction between human beings and nature has being changing the land use along the years originating in benefits for the societies such as the increase in food production. At the same time, these changes have brought negatives consequences which may be the determining factors of the vulnerability for places and people. In order to balance the positive and negative impacts of the land use changes, it is necessary to have wide knowledge of the impacts that each activity may cause from the different sustainable development perspectives, that´s, either on the local economy, society and environment. The agricultural activities are directly related to the land use, and among these, the forest sector is highlighted for presenting a fast growth and expansion in various parts of the country. Thus, actually in Rio Grande do Sul this sector growth has raised polemics and conflicts about the real positive and negative impacts caused by the commercial forest plantations. So, this study aims at analyzing three local authorities (Butiá, Cacequi and Encruzilhada do Sul) that have different environmental weaknesses related to the forestry characterized by the changes in the land use which have occurred in these places, and looking at the evolution of the social, environmental, economic and infra-structural indicators, as well as to obtain the perceptions of the representatives of these local authorities about the land use changes and the forest plantation impacts. For this purpose, two methodologies were used, where one was quantitative which consisted in observing the behaviour of the environmental, social, economic and infra-structural indicators; and the other was qualitative methodology which through interviews with the local authority representatives, it was possible to obtain the desired perceptions. The findings revealed that there is similarities between the municipalities and in general they present an improvement on environmental, social, economic and infra-structural indicators observed. From the interviewers´ perceptions there is a conflict of opinions about the impacts caused by forestry on the land use changes as well as other positive and negative impacts that the forest plantation may cause which have to be considered through a multidimensional perspective before promoting this activity in the region and to minimize the negative impacts.

This research analyzes the relationship between local land use regulations and commercial development in the City of Bakersfield, California, specifically focusing on how the regulations are used to inform commercial development to be sustainable or not. This research contributes to similar research efforts through its contribution of the Sustainable Development Indicator Checklist, the tool used to measure sustainable development within the regulations as well as the built environment. Analysis of six case study locations falling under the C-B (Central Business), C-C (Commercial Center), and PCD (Planned Commercial Development) zone designations indicated the local land use regulations were not informing development to be particularly sustainable, mostly due to vague language, constraining language, and sometimes a combination of the two. Recommendations are made for how the City of Bakersfield can improve the land use regulations to be more pertinent to the process of informing future commercial development to be more sustainable.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2008. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.