Cette thèse analyse la construction et la diffusion d’une bonne pratique de l’évaluation dans le secteur de l’aide au développement. D’un point de vue historique, l’auteure étudie comment l’évaluation est passée d’une pratique marginale des organismes d’aide au développement dans les années 1960, à un passage obligé de tous les programmes d’aide dans les années 2000. Ensuite, l’auteure réalise une étude sociologique de l’acteur qu’est l’évaluateur dans le système international de l’aide au développement. Elle étudie son influence auprès des autres acteurs de ce système, ainsi que sa capacité à légitimer et à diffuser son expertise. Elle montre comment les évaluateurs se professionnalisent par la création de « communautés de pratique » au Nord et au Sud. Enfin, l’auteure s’intéresse aux effets de « déclassement » que produit l’évaluation sur les acteurs de l’aide au développement du Nord et du Sud. Elle analyse comment l’évaluation, en produisant un jugement de valeur sur les politiques de développement des donateurs et des bénéficiaires, conduit à les mettre en concurrence et à discriminer les moins performants ; performance déterminée de manière subjective. L’objectif de l’auteur est de montrer que l’évaluation est un objet politique, dans la mesure où sa mise en pratique est déterminée par l’environnement politique dans lequel elle intervient, et où elle influence à son tour les politiques des donateurs et des bénéficiaires de l’aide au développement. / This thesis analyses the construction and propagation of a best practice of the evaluation in the development aid sector. From a historical perspective, the author studies how, between 1960s and 2000s, evaluation went from being a marginal practice of development aid bodies to being a compulsory part of aid programs. The author then conducts a sociological study of the role played evaluators within the international system of development aid. She studies their influence over the other participants of this system, as well as their capacity in legitimising and in diffusing their expertise. She highlights how evaluators professionalise themselves by creating “practice communities” in the North and in the South. Finally the author looks at the consequences that the “downgrading” stemming from evaluation have on actors who take part in development aid in the North and South. She analyses how evaluation -- by creating a value judgment on the development policies of both donors and beneficiaries -- results in creating competition among these actors and in the discrimination of those that are least performing – a performance itself subjectively determined. The author’s aim is to show that evaluation is a political tool, in that its use is determined by the political environment in which it is conducted, and where it then influences the policies of development aid donors and beneficiaries.

This master's thesis deals with the topic of poverty in developing countries of Sub-Saharan Africa. The goal of the thesis is to identify the factors of poverty in this region and suggest possible solutions to the problem. The main causes of deprivation in the countries of Sub-Saharan Africa are deemed to be the governance system, war conflicts, dependence on natural resources and an insufficiently diversified economy. All these factors are applied to the example of Nigeria, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Gabon. In order to make aid from more advanced countries more effective, it is proposed to participate more in the resolution of conflicts as a mediator in the negotiation, rather than trying to reform the developing countries politically.

Poverty is a serious problem of the contemporary world. According to the World Bank statistics more than 1/6 of the world's population suffers from extreme poverty (with daily income less than 1,25 dollars). The main tool of poverty alleviation is the official development aid, which is based on transfers of funds from developed to developing countries. The aim of this thesis is to assess, by how far has the development aid been succesful in reducing the poverty. The analysis of two regions -- East Asia and Sub-saharan Afrika -- will serve this purpose. In East Asia the poverty was reduced by 750 million of people within 25 years. However, the role of development aid was found to be negligible. Sub-saharan Africa, despite large volumes of aid, didn't experience any decrease in poverty incidence at all. The analysis implied that official development aid is not a way out of poverty. The solution is to integrate developing countries to international trade and to follow convenient economic policies establishing an environment favourable to business and foreign direct investments.

The aim of this work is to evaluate the Czech development aid given to developing countries. I have solved the selected problem by research of publications about development projects and about the aid to developing countries, in general. Thanks to the research, I found out that some of the development aid is deficient. The results of this work can help to determine the revision of the priority countries.

Since the 1990s, there have been significant changes to the methods and goals to provide development aid. Human rights have become an integral part of local, national and international projects that primarily focus on other goals. This new approach started to be called as the "Human Rights Based Approach to Development" (HRBA). From that time on the HRBA has gained many supporters not only among states but also among non-governmental organizations on either bilateral or multilateral level and also the international legal framework has been created. Nevertheless, to-date there has been little consensus regarding the integration of the HRBA, the monitoring and results' evaluation of the development aid projects and the providers of the development aid differ in their approaches to the HRBA. This thesis will analyze historic development and include current approaches to the HRBA from multiple stakeholders. Once the findings are in place, it will be applied to the Norwegian India Partnership Initiative (NIPI), which is a solid case study. The aim of this thesis is to find out if Norway, which has signed up several times to the HRBA in its foreign development policy, has implemented the approach successfully.

The thesis focuses on development assistance to Palestine and on the role of this assistance within the Palestinian state formation and overall Israeli-Palestinian peace process. The work comprises evaluation of the effectiveness and efficiency of the development aid in general, based on several studies published by prominent researchers discussing the issues of the development assistance. In its core part, the thesis describes the evolution of the development assistance with Palestine, follows statistics about provision of the Official Development Aid (ODA) and discusses political and socio-economic implications of the development aid. Moreover, one part is devoted to the Czech development cooperation with Palestine and shows the effect of development aid on concrete project of electrification in Tubas district.

A model of development aid, which has been known for more than 50 years is clearly ineffective in Sub-Saharan Africa. This is because such assistance demonstrably negatively affects local governments and strongly contributes to the proliferation of corruption and deterioration of the elements od democracy. The theory of the vicious circle of poverty as one of the main arguments of the proponents of this aid is refuted in the thesis and replaced by the theory of the vicious circle of political instability, which is associated with that governments and their policies. It is necessary tu support a citizens' initiative, which will seek the establishment of democratic institutions, not governments, which are responsible for poverty of their country. Development aid is not the only thing that harms poor countries. Less visible, but with a strong negative effect there are protectionist measures in the form of non-tariff barriers, the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU and its export subsidies, or debt relief of bad governemtns. The failure of these policies are so fundamental that the best advice would probably be to end the government subsidies for poor countries and a focus on small development projects helping specific people, instead of grand plans and aid volumes sounding into space.

The thesis highlights the importance of Chinese activities before 2000 and especially the necessity to study this period in order to fully understand the current relations between African countries and the People's Republic of China. Selected major changes in traditional donors' development assistance are also presented. This allows us not only to see Chinese activities in Africa in context but also to quickly compare the development of Chinese aid with similar process in the West. Subsequently, the changes of Chinese foreign policy in Africa, which followed its economic activities, are also the subject of research. The thesis then focuses on contemporary Chinese development cooperation with Africa, for example its forms, implementation, or differences when compared to traditional donors. Finally, I attempt to evaluate the PRC as a donor using the model of an ideal donor and his counterpart.

The thesis deals with Afghanistan and conflicts that affected it. Thesis is focused on renewal of Afghanistan and development aid that Afghanistan receives. There is analyzed situation of Afghanistan after 2001 when appeared allied troops in the country. There are analyzed ODA, main donors and where the aid helps. The thesis deals with aid by EU and Czech Republic. There is analyzed development of Afghanistan on the basis of macro-economic and other indicators.

The work focuses on the current situation and the evolution of development aid. The core of the paper focuses on the European Union, as it is development aid's largest provider. Defined are the donors as well as the recipients, with the goal to show which parties are responsible for most of the money flow and the reasons behind their participations. Then, a part of the work focuses on the effect of the recent global financial crisis on the resources of development aid, and defines some potential "sources" which caused spreading of the financial crisis into the developing world. Afterwards, the conclusion brings up some discussion points about the impacts and efficiency of development aid.