Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Proefschrift Universiteit Maastricht. / Met bibliogr., lit. opg. - Met samenvatting in het Nederlands.

Proefschrift Universiteit van Amsterdam. / Met bibliogr., lit. opg. - Met samenvatting in het Nederlands.

Proefschrift Maastricht. / Met lit. opg. - Met samenvatting in het Nederlands.

Proefschrift Universiteit Maastricht. / Auteursnaam op omslag: Francy Crijns. Met bibliogr., lit. opg. - Met samenvatting in het Nederlands.

Proefschrift Universiteit Maastricht. / Teksten in het Engels en Nederlands. - Auteursnaam op omslag: Henk van Dam. Met bibliogr., lit. opg. - Met samenvatting in het Engels.

Proefschrift Universiteit Maastricht. / Auteursnaam op omslag: Lars Borghouts. Met bibliogr., lit. opg. - Met samenvatting in het Nederlands.

Aims: This PhD project was designed under two studies, the genetic association study to investigate a genetic component or a genetic pathway that might be associated with both schizophrenia and type-2 diabetes (T2D). The gene functional study to explore whether clozapine could affect expression of the genes associated with obesity and T2D. Methods: In genetic association study, a total of 17 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in the PPARG, PLA2G4A, PTGS2 and AKT1 genes in 221 British nuclear families. In the gene functional study, U937 cells were treated with clozapine (1g/ml and 2g/ml) for 48 hours and 96 hours. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of the genes of interest in clozapine-treated and untreated cells. Results: Eight SNPs tested across the PPARG gene did not show allelic association with schizophrenia. An association was detected at rs2745557 in the PTGS2 locus (2=4.19, p= 0.041) and rs10798059 in the PLA2G4A locus (2=4.28, p=0.039), but these associations did not survive after 10,000 permutations (global p=0.246). Allelic association for the AKT1 gene was detected at rs1130214 (2=6.28, p=0.012) and at rs11847866 (2=4.64, p=0.031) only although the global p-value of overall associations for the AKT1 was 0.059 after 10,000 permutations. Haplotype analysis showed a disease association for the rs1130214-rs2494746-rs11847866 haplotypes (2= 10.18, df= 4, p=0.037), of which the T-G-A haplotype was excessively transmitted (2=6.93, p=0.008) and this haplotypic association survived the Bonferroni correction (p=0.04). The expression of the MTCH2 gene showed a significant decrease in mRNA expression (combined p=0.001) and that of the PPARG gene showed a significant increase (combined p=0.005) in the cells treated with 1g/ml clozapine for 96 hours. Conclusions: The present results support the AKT1 gene association with schizophrenia as reported in previous studies; both the MTCH2 and PPARG genes may be involved in the development of clozapine-induced obesity and in an increased risk of T2D.

by Annie Chi Kwan Lam. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-119). / Abstracts in English and Chinese ; questionnaires also in Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii-vi / List of Figures --- p.vii / List of Tables --- p.vii-x / List of Abbreviations --- p.xi / Table of Contents --- p.xii-xvi / Chapter Chapter One: --- Background / Chapter 1.1 --- Diabetes Mellitus: A public health burden / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Definition and Health Consequences --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Asia --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Hong Kong Chinese Population --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- Medical Burden of Diabetes Mellitus in Hong Kong --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2 --- Clinical Intervention To Improve Glycemic Control / Chapter 1.2.1 --- The United Kingdom Prospective Studies (UKPDS) --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- The Diabetes and Complications Trial (DCCT) --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Another Clinical Trial of Lifestyle Intervention --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Physical Activity in Diabetes Management --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3 --- Dietetic Situation in Hong Kong / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Survey of the Hong Kong Dietetics Situation --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Current Situation of Prince of Wales Hospital --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Diabetes Knowledge and Compliance Level in Hong Kong Patients --- p.22 / Chapter 1.4 --- Medical Nutrition Therapy and Practice Guidelines / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Definition --- p.24 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Development of the Practice Guidelines --- p.24 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Recommended Procedure for the Practice Guidelines in Type 2 Diabetic Patients --- p.28 / Chapter 1.5 --- Study Purpose and Objectives --- p.32 / Chapter Chapter Two: --- Study Design and Method / Chapter 2.1 --- Research Design --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2 --- Sample Selection --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Method of Randomization --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Sample Size Calculation --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Inclusion Criteria --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Exclusion Criteria --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3 --- Summary of Patient Procedure --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Definition Of The Two Treatments --- p.41 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Research Procedure For PGC Group --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Research Procedure For CC Group --- p.49 / Chapter 2.4 --- Outcome Measures / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Anthropometrics Variable --- p.50 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Laboratory Data --- p.51 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Pre-testing For Questionnaires --- p.51 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Dietary Variables --- p.52 / Chapter 2.4.5 --- Measurement of Diabetes Knowledge --- p.53 / Chapter 2.4.6 --- Measurement of Barriers To Diet Compliance --- p.54 / Chapter 2.4.7 --- Measurement of Physical Activity --- p.54 / Chapter 2.4.8 --- Measurement of Barriers To Exercise Compliance --- p.54 / Chapter 2.4.9 --- Measurement of Overall Compliance in MNT --- p.55 / Chapter 2.5 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.57 / Chapter 2.6 --- Ethics --- p.58 / Chapter Chapter Three: --- Results / Chapter 3.1 --- Subjects and Response Rate --- p.60 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Baseline Characteristics of the PGC and CC Group --- p.61 / Chapter 3.2 --- Results of Intervention Process Between PGC and CC Group / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Attendance Rate --- p.67 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Total Patient-Dietitian Contact Time --- p.67 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Satisfaction With Dietetic Services --- p.68 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Other Alternatives Treatment --- p.69 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Changes In Medical Therapy After Intervention --- p.69 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- Hospital Admission --- p.71 / Chapter 3.3 --- Outcomes - Questionnaires Results Between PGC and CC Group / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Food Frequency Questionnaire --- p.72 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Physical Activity Questionnaire --- p.72 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Diabetes Knowledge --- p.72 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Barrier To Diet Compliance --- p.72 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Barrier To Exercise Compliance --- p.73 / Chapter 3.3.6 --- Overall Medical Nutrition Therapy Compliance --- p.78 / Chapter 3.4 --- Outcomes - Anthropometry Results Between PGC and CC Group --- p.79 / Chapter 3.5 --- Outcomes - Laboratory Results Between PGC and CC Group / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Glycemic Control --- p.83 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Lipid --- p.84 / Chapter Chapter four: --- Discussion and Conclusion / Chapter 4.1 --- Enrollment / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Response Rates --- p.91 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Behavior Change Model --- p.92 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Participation of Subjects --- p.93 / Chapter 4.1.4 --- Randomization --- p.93 / Chapter 4.2 --- Measurements / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Questionnaire --- p.94 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Blinding Process --- p.94 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Laboratory --- p.94 / Chapter 4.3 --- Outcomes / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Questionnaire Outcomes --- p.95 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Anthropometry Outcomes --- p.100 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Glycemic Outcomes --- p.102 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- MNT Process Outcomes --- p.103 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- Limitations --- p.104 / Chapter 4.4 --- Clinical Significance and Implications --- p.104 / Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusions and Recommendations --- p.110 / References --- p.112 / Appendices --- p.120

Zhao Hailu. / "June 2002." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 192-210). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.