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Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

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No description available.

Patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) usually exhibit a marked disturbance of lipid metabolism which is reflected in high levels of plasma total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and triglycerides, along with low levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Elevated triglycerides are the major contributor to diabetic hyperlipidemia. These plasma lipid concentrations and the fatty acid composition of these lipids are clearly influenced by the type of diet consumed along with the proportion of dietary fatty acids. Therefore, it was the purpose of this investigation to examine the relationships between glycemic control, serum lipid levels of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglycerides to the amounts and types of fats in the typical diets of NIDDM patients as compared to non-diabetic individuals. The dietary fats were also compared with the distribution of fatty acids found in their total lipids and free (in vivo) fatty acids. The relationship between dietary fat intake and serum total lipid levels along with total and free fatty acid distributions was the primary focus.This investigation found that NIDDM subjects have significantly greater triglyceride levels (200 ± 18.4 mg/dL) than non-diabetic controls (93 ± 13.2 mg/dL). Total and LDL cholesterol levels of the NIDDM group were elevated from the control group while HDL levels were depressed, but these differences were of nonsignificant proportions. The NIDDM group typically consumed significantly lowered amounts of teal, saturated, and monounsaturated dietary fatty acids (46.7 ± 7.1 grams, 114.0 ± 2.9 grams, and 16.8 ± 2.5 grams, respectively) compared to the control group (80.0 ± 10.9 grams, 26.7 ± 4.5 grams, and 30.2 ± 4.5 grams, respectively). Even so, the percentage of kilocalories from total fat in the NIDDM vs. the control group diets was not statistically different which may explain the lack of significance between groups with regard to distribution of serum fatty acids. On an individual basis, the types of fat that predominated in the diet were also found in a large percentage in the serum lipid distributions. Positive correlations between saturated fat intake and the blood serum stearic free fatty acid along with polyunsaturated fat intake and linoleic free fatty acid supported this observation. Other investigators (6,62) have reported that dietary intake does indeed contribute to the percentage of fatty acids distributed in the plasma lipids. To determine if a particular dietary fatty acid contributes more significantly to hyperlipidemia, the diet needs to be controlled.On an individualized basis, it was also noted that the diabetics with the lowest amount and percentage of fat in their diets, also had the lowest serum lipid levels. Besides diet, other influential factors which may have contributed to the lipid levels of these NIDDM patients are genetic predisposition, environmental influences, and the stage and progression of each individual's disease. Thus, due to the underlying metabolic impairments which are exacerbated by genetic and/or environmental influences, it is of vital importance to recognize how essential diet manipulation is with regards to lipid control in the treatment of NIDDM patients. / Department of Biology

We questioned whether improved glycemic control achieved by oral agent (gliclazide) would correct the altered protein metabolism during an iso-energetic (ISO) and a low energetic (50% of ISO) diets. Seven diabetic (DM) and 7 matched obese control (OB) subjects were give ISO for 14 (DM) or 7 (OB) days, followed by 28 days of the low energetic diet with constant 1.5 g protein/kg BMI$ sb{25}$/d. Giclazide (+ metformin in 4 DM) was given during days 8-14 of ISO and the low energety diet to DM. With ISO and gliclazide, fasting plasma glucose decreased and plasma insulin and nitrogen retention increased while 3-methylhistidine excretion and resting metablic rate decreased to levels no longer different from OB. With moderate energy restriction, weight decreased in all subjects and glycemia normalized in DM. Nitrogen equilibrium was maintained and 3-methylhistidine excretion did not change. The altered protein metabolism observed during hyperglycemia can be improved with oral hypoglycemic agent therapy $ pm$ the low energy diet. Moderate energy restriction with oral hypoglycemic agent therapy achieves diabetes control, nitrogen equilibrium, and a modest decrease in resting metabolic rate.

CAPES / Atualmente, tem aumentado a preocupação por parte da população com relação às doenças crônicas ocasionadas pela má alimentação, por isso se faz necessário uma mudança nos hábitos alimentares. O desenvolvimento de novos produtos alimentícios vem potencializando os efeitos benéficos à saúde através do enriquecimento de substâncias que possuem comprovada ação na prevenção ou diminuição do risco de doenças crônico degenerativas. Neste estudo selecionamos o feijão, uma leguminosa que apresenta em sua composição uma proteína, a faseolamina, a qual está sendo utilizada por obesos e diabéticos para o tratamento destas doenças. E, ainda, a goiaba que é uma fruta com alto teor de carotenoides. Neste contexto, selecionaram-se três ingredientes com propriedades funcionais: farinha de feijão, faseolamina e goiaba microencapsulada - com o objetivo de adicionar à farinha de trigo integral, desenvolvendo um produto alimentício à base da farinha enriquecida. Foram avaliados três cultivares de feijão comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L), e para cada cultivar desenvolveu-se uma farinha sendo uma delas escolhida para o desenvolvimento de um produto alimentício. Neste mesmo produto foi incorporado faseolamina em pó comercial e polpa de goiaba encapsulada para agregar maior valor nutricional. O rendimento para as três farinhas de feijão foi maior que 98 % nos três casos. A composição química dos grãos e das farinhas de feijão avaliadas indicou riqueza de nutrientes. Para agregar maior valor funcional obteve-se goiaba microencapsulada concentrando em sua composição alguns parâmetros como proteínas, carboidratos, cinzas, K, Na, vitamina C, compostos fenólicos e flavonoides totais. O teor de lipídeos diminuiu e o conteúdo total de carotenoides se manteve na goiaba microencapsulada, sendo que a analise térmica indicou o início da decomposição de matéria orgânica a 160 °C. A farinha de trigo integral foi enriquecida com a farinha de feijão cv. Cavalo, a qual mostrou maior atividade de inibição amilásica, goiaba microencapsulada e faseolamina, resultando na formulação F4. O enriquecimento demonstrou aumento da inibição da atividade amilásica, do teor de proteínas, carotenoides totais, vitamina C e da capacidade antioxidante pelo método DPPH. O número de quedas (Falling number) diminuiu após o enriquecimento, bem como os teores de flavonoides totais e compostos fenólicos totais. A partir da formulação F4, elaborou-se um mini bolo (PF4) e um mini controle (C) com farinha de trigo integral não enriquecida. O controle (C) e (PF4) apresentaram diferença significativa de proteínas, umidade, vitamina C e carotenoides totais. A análise microbiológica indicou que os mini bolos estavam aptos para o consumo e os julgadores da análise sensorial declararam preferência pelo mini bolo (PF4). O perfil de textura instrumental, cor e aw foram avaliados no decorrer do período de estocagem (7 dias). Os mini bolos foram submetidos à uma análise clínica com voluntários portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, não insulino dependentes. O produto PF4 resultou ser viável como inibidor do índice glicêmico para 80 % dos casos. Assim, a formulação (F4) desenvolvida pode ser uma alternativa como ingrediente funcional e nutricional no desenvolvimento de novos produtos alimentícios, e em particular neste estudo, para produtos de panificação. / Lately, part of the human population has become increasingly concerned with chronic illnesses caused by poor diet, requiring changes in eating habits. The development of new food products has been enhancing the beneficial health effects by enriching substances that have proven action in preventing or reducing the risk of chronic degenerative diseases. In this study we selected the common bean, a leguminous plant that has phaseolamine as main protein and has been used by obese and diabetic patients to treat their respective illnesses. And in particular a Guava fruit with high content of carotenoids. Within this context, we selected three ingredients with functional properties: bean flour, phaseolamine and guavas microencapsulated – aiming to add to whole wheat flour, developing a food product based of enriched flour. Three different cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L were used to obtain a flour for each cultivar and one of them selected to develop a functional food product. In this same product, commercial powder phaseolamine and encapsulated guava pulp were added to increase nutritional value. Yield was over 98 % for all three bean flours. The chemical composition of the grains and evaluated bean flours indicated nutrient richness. To add more functional value, microencapsulated guava was obtained, concentrating certain parameters in its composition such as proteins, carbohydrates, ash, K, Na, vitamin C, phenolic compounds and total flavonoids. Lipid level decreased and total carotenoid content remained stable in microencapsulated guava, while thermal analysis indicated that decomposition of organic matter began at 160 °C. The evaluation of α-amylase activity indicated greater inhibition by the flour made from beans of cultivar Cavalo. From this flour, microencapsulated guava and phaseolamine, a new formulation named F4 was developed and selected among the others due to its superior inhibition of α-amylase activity. The enrichment showed an increase in the inhibition of amylase activity, protein content as well as total carotenoids, vitamin C and antioxidant capacity from DPPH radical. The Falling number decreased after enrichment, as well as the contents of total flavonoids and phenolic compounds. The cake (PF4) was prepared from F4. Control (C) and PF4 showed significant differences in proteins, moisture, vitamin C and total carotenoids. Microbiological analysis indicated that PF4 was fit for consumption and that tasters declared a preference for the cake (PF4). The profile of instrumental texture, color and water activity was evaluated throughout the stocking period (7 days). When subjected to clinical analysis, PF4 turned out to be viable as a glycemic index inhibitor for 80 % of volunteers non-insulin dependent who took part in the research. Thus, supplement (F4) may serve as an alternative functional and nutritional ingredient in the development of new food products, and particularly as we saw in this study for bakery products.

CAPES / Atualmente, tem aumentado a preocupação por parte da população com relação às doenças crônicas ocasionadas pela má alimentação, por isso se faz necessário uma mudança nos hábitos alimentares. O desenvolvimento de novos produtos alimentícios vem potencializando os efeitos benéficos à saúde através do enriquecimento de substâncias que possuem comprovada ação na prevenção ou diminuição do risco de doenças crônico degenerativas. Neste estudo selecionamos o feijão, uma leguminosa que apresenta em sua composição uma proteína, a faseolamina, a qual está sendo utilizada por obesos e diabéticos para o tratamento destas doenças. E, ainda, a goiaba que é uma fruta com alto teor de carotenoides. Neste contexto, selecionaram-se três ingredientes com propriedades funcionais: farinha de feijão, faseolamina e goiaba microencapsulada - com o objetivo de adicionar à farinha de trigo integral, desenvolvendo um produto alimentício à base da farinha enriquecida. Foram avaliados três cultivares de feijão comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L), e para cada cultivar desenvolveu-se uma farinha sendo uma delas escolhida para o desenvolvimento de um produto alimentício. Neste mesmo produto foi incorporado faseolamina em pó comercial e polpa de goiaba encapsulada para agregar maior valor nutricional. O rendimento para as três farinhas de feijão foi maior que 98 % nos três casos. A composição química dos grãos e das farinhas de feijão avaliadas indicou riqueza de nutrientes. Para agregar maior valor funcional obteve-se goiaba microencapsulada concentrando em sua composição alguns parâmetros como proteínas, carboidratos, cinzas, K, Na, vitamina C, compostos fenólicos e flavonoides totais. O teor de lipídeos diminuiu e o conteúdo total de carotenoides se manteve na goiaba microencapsulada, sendo que a analise térmica indicou o início da decomposição de matéria orgânica a 160 °C. A farinha de trigo integral foi enriquecida com a farinha de feijão cv. Cavalo, a qual mostrou maior atividade de inibição amilásica, goiaba microencapsulada e faseolamina, resultando na formulação F4. O enriquecimento demonstrou aumento da inibição da atividade amilásica, do teor de proteínas, carotenoides totais, vitamina C e da capacidade antioxidante pelo método DPPH. O número de quedas (Falling number) diminuiu após o enriquecimento, bem como os teores de flavonoides totais e compostos fenólicos totais. A partir da formulação F4, elaborou-se um mini bolo (PF4) e um mini controle (C) com farinha de trigo integral não enriquecida. O controle (C) e (PF4) apresentaram diferença significativa de proteínas, umidade, vitamina C e carotenoides totais. A análise microbiológica indicou que os mini bolos estavam aptos para o consumo e os julgadores da análise sensorial declararam preferência pelo mini bolo (PF4). O perfil de textura instrumental, cor e aw foram avaliados no decorrer do período de estocagem (7 dias). Os mini bolos foram submetidos à uma análise clínica com voluntários portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, não insulino dependentes. O produto PF4 resultou ser viável como inibidor do índice glicêmico para 80 % dos casos. Assim, a formulação (F4) desenvolvida pode ser uma alternativa como ingrediente funcional e nutricional no desenvolvimento de novos produtos alimentícios, e em particular neste estudo, para produtos de panificação. / Lately, part of the human population has become increasingly concerned with chronic illnesses caused by poor diet, requiring changes in eating habits. The development of new food products has been enhancing the beneficial health effects by enriching substances that have proven action in preventing or reducing the risk of chronic degenerative diseases. In this study we selected the common bean, a leguminous plant that has phaseolamine as main protein and has been used by obese and diabetic patients to treat their respective illnesses. And in particular a Guava fruit with high content of carotenoids. Within this context, we selected three ingredients with functional properties: bean flour, phaseolamine and guavas microencapsulated – aiming to add to whole wheat flour, developing a food product based of enriched flour. Three different cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L were used to obtain a flour for each cultivar and one of them selected to develop a functional food product. In this same product, commercial powder phaseolamine and encapsulated guava pulp were added to increase nutritional value. Yield was over 98 % for all three bean flours. The chemical composition of the grains and evaluated bean flours indicated nutrient richness. To add more functional value, microencapsulated guava was obtained, concentrating certain parameters in its composition such as proteins, carbohydrates, ash, K, Na, vitamin C, phenolic compounds and total flavonoids. Lipid level decreased and total carotenoid content remained stable in microencapsulated guava, while thermal analysis indicated that decomposition of organic matter began at 160 °C. The evaluation of α-amylase activity indicated greater inhibition by the flour made from beans of cultivar Cavalo. From this flour, microencapsulated guava and phaseolamine, a new formulation named F4 was developed and selected among the others due to its superior inhibition of α-amylase activity. The enrichment showed an increase in the inhibition of amylase activity, protein content as well as total carotenoids, vitamin C and antioxidant capacity from DPPH radical. The Falling number decreased after enrichment, as well as the contents of total flavonoids and phenolic compounds. The cake (PF4) was prepared from F4. Control (C) and PF4 showed significant differences in proteins, moisture, vitamin C and total carotenoids. Microbiological analysis indicated that PF4 was fit for consumption and that tasters declared a preference for the cake (PF4). The profile of instrumental texture, color and water activity was evaluated throughout the stocking period (7 days). When subjected to clinical analysis, PF4 turned out to be viable as a glycemic index inhibitor for 80 % of volunteers non-insulin dependent who took part in the research. Thus, supplement (F4) may serve as an alternative functional and nutritional ingredient in the development of new food products, and particularly as we saw in this study for bakery products.

No description available.

Thirty females, 55 to 70 years old, participated in an investigation comparing two methods of teaching the diabetic diet. Subjects were required to take the WRAT-R, a test which assessed their reading capabilities. Only those scoring at the seventh grade level or below qualified for this investigation. Following the test, subjects were assigned to one of two groups. Participants in Group 1 received one-on-one instructions of Healthy Food Choices, whereas participants in Group 2 received videotaped instructions of Healthy Food Choices. Healthy Food Choices is a more simplified meal planning tool designed for those that cannot understand the concepts of the Exchange Lists for Meal Planning. Participants were instructed by the researcher, either on videotape or one-on-one. A follow-up visit occurred in a mean of 10.3 days to assess comprehension of the instructions provided. Each participant was contacted again by telephone in a mean of 28.7 days from the follow-up visit to assess long-term retention of the instructions they were provided. The sample menu collected from the two contacts provided data on choice deletions and additions. These data were analyzed by t-tests. There were no statistically significant differences found between diabetic diet instructions done by videotape or one-on-one at either follow-up visit or telephone contact. In this sample, videotaped instructions of the diabetic diet were just as effective as one-on-one instructions. / Master of Science