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The Burdigalian Saumane-Venasque carbonate succession is located in the Rhodano-Provençal basin of southeastern France. These carbonates accumulated in a paleovalley that was flooded by marine waters. This marine embayment was filled by carbonates composed of twelve different facies. These sediments form two thick third-order sequences (S1 & S2) and several, thinner higher-order sequences (S1a, S1b, S1c). S1a is composed of quartzose grainstones with barnacles, echinoids, and bivalves derived from a rocky substrate paleocommunity in a high-energy, open-marine environment during the early phases of sea level rise. Compound dunes of S1a and S1b are composed of bryozoans and echinoids that are mixed with bioclasts from seagrass facies. Pervasive cross-bedded grainstones grade upward into low-energy mudstones and packstones of the S1 highstand. Bryozoan thickets populated sequence 2 during the second sea level cycle. Seven different phases of cement, including cloudy epitaxial, fibrous, isopachous columnar, isopachous equant, clear epitaxial, blocky, and pendant types, can be distinguished in these limestones. Marine hardgrounds are present throughout the area as steep, stepped margins in tidal channels. Marine cements are interpreted to have precipitated in the upper portion of subaqueous dunes with their location controlled by sedimentation rate and tidal pumping. Zoned epitaxial cements are interpreted to record shifts in the paleo-water table related to fluctuations in sea level throughout the Miocene in the Rhodano-Provençal basin. Shallow burial pressure dissolution features are present throughout the deposit. They are interpreted to result from extended exposure to fresh water, which produced grains that were particularly susceptible to compaction. The Saumane-Venasque temperate carbonates are different in that they were lithified without significant burial diagenesis, a situation that resulted from multiple sources of cement from marine and meteoric waters. / Thesis (Master, Geological Sciences & Geological Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2009-09-04 16:00:33.914

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The Nisku Formation in the Alberta subsurface consists of bank facies, reefal facies, and basinal/slope facies along the Outer Shelf. The bank facies was not previously recognized, and is here designated the Dismal Creek Member. Most buildups are coral-bearing mudmounds. / The Nisku Formation was affected by more than twenty diagenetic processes, most notably by dolomitization and anhydritization. The buildups were partially lithified in shallow phreatic environments, and some were subaerially exposed. Dolomitization took place at depths of about 300 to 1000 m by fluids that were derived mainly from the underlying Ireton Formation. Most of the anhydrites formed during the last stages of and/or after dolomitization. After oil emplacement, thermochemical redox reactions between hydrocarbons and sulfates resulted in partial removal of anhydrite in the deepest buildups, and the formation of 'dead' oil, sour gas, replacive calcite, saddle dolomite, celestite, and native sulfur. Diagenetic changes after maximum burial were very minor.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 169-178) Also available in print.

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