The last two decades, Taiwan government has been putting the Biotechs as one of the nation's main goals of industry developement. In the unique circumstance of Taiwan's industry, the competence and developing strategies of biotechs are the main subjects of this research. The goal of this research is based on examining the nation's creativity, the diamond-system of biotechs, and the selection of Industrial Cluster, etc; and tries to make some suggestions for the Taiwan's biotechs and its developement. As for creativity, the creativity-index applied by this study shows : Taiwan's nation's creativity is still keeping its relative superiority in the world. Although in speaking of the external circumstances, the diamond-system constructons, there's still lots of space for progressing; but in the long-terms Taiwan's biotech is still promissing if the government and the industries can successfully combine the superiority of their creativity and the industrial constructions. The results of this research shows : for biotechs development, Taiwan government and industries have to strongly base on the creativity, and to apply developing environment factor of diamond-system to maintain and promote their competing superiority. The success of the Hsinchu Science Park, a good example and substantial model of Industrial Clusetr, can also provides strategies and answers in this field. The scholars, by their understandings of marketing and technology, can both answer the need of the internationally competing biotechs skills and set the goals of its development; and the governmemt has to coordinate, to combine, to harmonize, to joinize the industries and the scholars; and the industries can benifit from this process. 'Taiwan biotechs, the best of the best of the best' will be the main goals and the main policies of Taiwan's techs developements

Numerical simulations of a three dimensional diamond jet interaction flowfield at various diamond injector half angles into a supersonic crossflow were presented in this thesis. The numerical study was performed to improve the understanding of the flame holding potential by extending the numerical database envelop to include different injector half angles and examine the flow at Mach 2 and Mach 5. The configuration of a diamond injector shape was found to reduce the flow separation upstream, and produce an attached shock at the initial freestream interaction and the injection fluid has an increased field penetration as compared to circular injectors. The CFD studies were also aimed at providing additional information on the uses of multiple injectors for flow control. The numerical runs were performed with diamond injectors at half angles of 10° and 20° at a freestream Mach number of 5. The transverse counter-rotating pair of vortices found in the 15° does not form within the 10° and 20° cases at freestream Mach number 5. The 10° case had a barrel shock that became streamlined in the lateral direction. The 20° barrel shock had a very large spanwise expansion and became streamlined in the transverse direction. In both cases the trailing edge of their barrel shocks did not form the flat “V” shape, as found in the baseline case. At Mach 2 the 10° and 15° cases both formed the flat “V” shape at the trailing edge of the barrel shocks, and formed the transverse counter rotating vortex pairs. The 10° multiple injector case successfully showed the interaction shocks forming into a larger planer shock downstream of the injectors. The swept 15° case produced interaction shocks that were too weak to properly form a planar shock downstream. This planar shock has potential for flow control. Depending on the angle of incidence of the injector fluid with the freestream flow and the half angle of the diamond injector, the planar shocks will form further upstream or downstream of the injector.

This study examined the stratigraphic architecture, depositional and diagenetic histories, and resulting reservoir characteristics that have influenced the occurrence, distribution, and quality of flow units in the Diamond M field, Scurry County, Texas. The study area is located in the Midland Basin. The field has production from the Canyon (Pennsylvanian) Horseshoe Atoll carbonate buildup. Recent drilling in the Diamond M field was done to evaluate ways to improve recovery by water flooding. Classification of depositional texture based on detailed petrologic and petrographic studies on three cores was done. Subsequent genetic classification of pore types by thin section petrography revealed three dominant pore types: intramatrix, moldic, and vuggy. The reservoir was zoned according to dominant pore type and log signatures to evaluate correlations at field scale by using neutron logs. Equations determined from core analyses provided equations used for estimating porosity and permeability, which were used to develop a ranking scheme for reservoir quality based on good, intermediate, and poor flow units at field scale. Ultimately slice maps of reservoir quality at a 10 ft interval for a 150 ft section of the Canyon Reef reservoir were developed. These reservoir quality maps will provide a useful tool for the design and implementation of accurate and profitable development programs.

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No description available.

Impact diamonds were found in several impactites from the Ries crater, Germany including fallout and fallback (crater fill) suevites. a glass bomb, impact melt rock and shocked gneiss. These diamonds formed two distinct grain size populations: 50-300?m apographitic. platy aggregates with surface ornamentation and etching that were observed using optical and scanning electron microscopy and 5-20?m diamonds which displayed two different morphologies identified using transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction. These 5-20?m grains comprised apographitic. platy grains with stacking faults, etching and graphite intergrowths together with elongate skeletal grains with preferred orientations to the individual crystallites. Thermal annealing of stacking faults and surface features was also detected. Stepped combustion combined with static mass spectrometry to give carbon isotopic analysis of individual diamonds. graphite and acid-residues indicate that the primary carbon source is graphite. This graphite was found to be 13C depleted with respect to similar samples from the Popigai impact crater. The admixture of presumably carbonate derived carbonaceous material is suggested to account for the 13C-enriched ?13C compositions encountered in whole-rock suevites known to include carbonate melts. On the basis of morphology. mineralogical associations diamond/graphite ratios and carbon isotopic compositions three possible formation mechanisms for impact diamonds are suggested: fast. high temperature conversion of graphite following the passage of the shock wave, a vapour phase condensation or growth within substrate minerals or an orientated stress field and the incomplete transformation of a mixture of amorphous and crystalline graphite. Further more exotic mechanisms such as intermediary carbyne phases cannot be discounted. Impact diamonds, 1-5?m in size. were also identified in suevite residues and a black matrix lithic breccia from the Gardnos impact crater. Norway. The carbon isotopic compositions are in agreement with previous measurements of whole rock samples with a small 13C-enriched component probably representing diamond.

Thesis (M.Com.(Taxation)) -- University of Pretoria, 2008. / Abstract in English. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 102 p. : ill. (some col.) Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 78-83).

M.A. / This mini-dissertation establishes the extent to which small scale artisanal diamond mining impacts on the environment. There has, in the past, been research undertaken specifically on the water related impacts of small scale artisanal diamond mining. This study however, looks at the environment holistically, and gauges the total degradation to the receiving environment. Small scale artisanal diamond mining is considered to be a major contributor to the local economy and improved quality of life for the communities participating in this mining and is being actively supported through the National minerals and mining policies. It is for this reason that it was deemed imperative to understand the nature of the mining and the associated environmental impacts so that the outcome of this report could be used to inform decision makers when considering the licencing and management of artisanal diamond mining operations. In order to achieve the aim of the study, a literature review needed to be conducted focusing on the nature of small scale diamond mining operations, its influence on the social and economic spheres and the known environmental damage induced by such mining activities. However, in order to internalize the impacts, the literature review also drew a comparison with large scale artisanal diamond mining. The problems identified at the four sample sites were evaluated through the OWL Risk Assessment method to gauge the high risks and major impacts. This study showed that water pollution, biodiversity depletion and waste generation were some of the main problems traversing all four sites. In all cases assessed, artisanal diamond mining impacts on the water regime as mining takes place within the riverine environment. This study also underscored the fact that there is very little, if any rehabilitation, of disturbed areas and this impacts upon fitness for use of the receiving environment in the long term. An urgent need exists for monitoring and regulating artisanal diamond mining so as to reduce the impacts to the receiving environment. More enforced regulation will also ensure that the mining operations practice responsibly with due care for the environment coupled to a legal undertaking for rehabilitation of the mining area.

M.Sc. (Geology) / Please refer to full text to view abstract