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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

DiagnÃstico microbiolÃgico, imunoenzimÃtico e molecular e perfil de genes associados à virulÃncia de Campylobacter

Josiane da Silva Quetz 20 September 2013 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Campylobacter sp. à uma importante causa de enterite de origem alimentar com alta incidÃncia na populaÃÃo infantil de paÃses em desenvolvimento. No entanto, o diagnÃstico especÃfico de sua etiologia segue como um desafio, visto que mÃtodos moleculares e imunoenzimÃticos tÃm se mostrado mais sensÃveis. Postulamos que o conhecimento de sua virulÃncia e o diagnÃstico especÃfico possam ajudar na identificaÃÃo e potencial controle da campilobacteriose na infÃncia. Foi determinada a etiologia de diarreia por Campylobacter sp., em um estudo transversal sobre diarreia em crianÃas de 0-36 meses residentes da Ãrea urbana de Fortaleza, CearÃ, Brasil, que necessitaram de atendimento mÃdico de urgÃncia por causa de doenÃa diarreica. ApÃs a aprovaÃÃo Ãtica do estudo, um questionÃrio foi aplicado para qualificar as condiÃÃes clÃnicas apresentadas por cada crianÃa no momento da admissÃo. O DNA foi extraÃdo diretamente de amostras fecais coletadas de 226 crianÃas. Para a detecÃÃo do agente etiolÃgico, utilizamos diagnÃstico molecular (PCR e RT-PCR) e diagnÃstico imunoenzimÃtico (ELISA), alÃm da detecÃÃo de genes associados à virulÃncia de C. jejuni (PCR). Campylobacter sp. foi encontrado em 8,9% (20/225) das amostras, por diagnÃstico microbiolÃgico convencional. C. jejuni e C. coli foram detectados em 19,5% (44/226) e 1,3% (3/226) das amostras diarreicas, respectivamente, por PCR. Os diagnÃsticos por RT-PCR e ELISA alcanÃaram 26,7% (60/225) e 37,9% (58/153), respectivamente. Quando considerada a combinaÃÃo de diagnÃsticos (positividade no diagnÃstico microbiolÃgico ou no imunoenzimÃtico e ao menos em um dos testes moleculares) a prevalÃncia encontrada foi de 16,4% (37/226). A concordÃncia entre os testes para diagnÃstico utilizados foi de moderada a regular, de acordo com o Ãndice de Kappa. Genes associados à virulÃncia foram detectados nas seguintes proporÃÃes de amostras positivas para C. jejuni: flaA, 79,5% (35/44); racR, 97,7% (43/44) e dnaJ, 88,6% (39/44) â relacionados à adesÃo bacteriana e colonizaÃÃo; ciaB, 97,7% (43/44); pldA, 45,4% (20/44) e pVir 0% (0/44) â relacionados à invasÃo; e cdtABC em 95,4% (42/44) das amostras, operon relacionado à produÃÃo da toxina citoletal distensora (CDT). Sinais e sintomas especÃficos, tais como sangue nas fezes, vÃmito, febre e/ou dor abdominal, apesar de bastante frequentes, nÃo foram associados com a detecÃÃo de C. jejuni. O perfil de distribuiÃÃo dos genes de virulÃncia de C. jejuni nÃo apresentou correlaÃÃo com a apresentaÃÃo clÃnica da doenÃa, mesmo quando tal perfil foi categorizado de acordo com a funÃÃo das proteÃnas codificadas pelos genes, o que nos leva a crer que outros fatores, talvez relacionados à susceptibilidade do hospedeiro, possam ser mais importantes do que a variabilidade genÃtica do micro-organismo. ConcluÃmos que Campylobacter sp. foi detectado em percentual relevante da populaÃÃo estudada, principalmente quando os mÃtodos diagnÃsticos foram utilizados de forma combinada. Em geral, os genes de virulÃncia foram detectados em uma alta proporÃÃo das amostras positivas para C. jejuni, embora os genes relacionados à invasÃo tenham sido menos frequentemente encontrados. Corroboramos dados de outros grupos sobre a necessidade de revisÃo do diagnÃstico para Campylobacter sp. em prol da inclusÃo de metodologias mais sensÃveis e espÃcie-especÃficas, alÃm da busca por marcadores para inflamaÃÃo intestinal e fatores preditivos de cultura negativa. / Campylobacter sp. is an important cause of food-borne gastroenteritis with high incidence in children living in developing countries. However, the specific diagnosis of its etiology remains as a challenge, since conventional diagnosis by culture is now challenged by molecular and immunoenzymatic methods, which have greater sensitivity. We postulate that the knowledge of its virulence and specific diagnosis may assist in identifying and potentially controling campylobacteriosis in childhood. We determined the etiology of Campylobacter sp. associated diarrhea, in a cross-sectional study of diarrhea in children aged 0-36 months from the urban area of Fortaleza, CearÃ, Brazil, who required emergency medical care because of diarrheal disease. After ethical approval of the study, a questionnaire was applied to describe the clinical conditions presented by each child at the time of admission. DNA was extracted directly from fecal samples collected from 226 children. For the determination of the etiologic agent we used molecular diagnostics (PCR and RT-PCR) and diagnostic immunoassay (ELISA), besides the detection of virulence associated genes of C. jejuni (PCR). Campylobacter sp. was found in 8.9% (20/225) of the samples by conventional microbiological diagnosis. C. jejuni and C. coli were detected in 19.5% (44/226) and 1.3% (3/226) of the diarrheic samples, respectively. The diagnostic RT-PCR and ELISA reached 26.7% (60/225) and 37.9% (58/153) of positivity, respectively. When considering the combination of diagnostic (positive in microbiological diagnosis or immunoassay and at least one of the molecular tests) the prevalence was 16.4% (37/226). The agreement between the tests used for diagnosis was moderate to regular, according to Kappa index. The presence of C. jejuniÂs virulence-associated genes that encode proteins related to the pathogenesis of micro-organism were detected in the following proportions of C. jejuni-positive DNA samples: flaA, 79.5% (35/44); racR, 97.7% (43/44) and dnaJ, 88.6% (39/44) â related to bacterial adhesion and colonization; ciaB, 97.7 % (43/44); pldA, 45.4% (20/44) and pVir 0% (0/44) â related to invasion, and cdtABC in 95.4% (42/44) of samples related to citoletal distending toxin (CDT). Specific signs and symptoms such as blood in the stool, vomiting, fever and/or abdominal pain, although quite frequent, were not associated with the detection of C. jejuni. The distribution profile of C. jejuniÂs virulence genes was not correlated with the clinical presentation of the disease, even when this profile was categorized according to the function of the proteins encoded by the genes, which leads us to believe that other factors, perhaps related to host susceptibility, may be more important than genetic variability of the microorganism. We conclude that Campylobacter sp. was detected in a significant percentage of the children 0-36 months with diarrhea, especially when the diagnostic methods were used in combination. In general, the virulence genes were detected in a high proportion of C. jejuni-positive samples, although the invasion-related genes have been found less frequently. Our data corroborates findings from other groups on the need to revise the diagnostic for Campylobacter sp. towards the inclusion of more sensitive and species-specific methods, as well as search for extra markers for intestinal inflammation and predictors of negative culture.
12

Children's diarrhea in Hanoi, Vietnam : importance of enteric pathogens /

Nguyen, Vu Trung, January 2005 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2005. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
13

Passive immunotherpy and probiotic agents in enteric infections in children /

Sarker, Shafiqul Alam, January 2006 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2006. / På titelsidan felaktigt: immunotherpay. Härtill 7 uppsatser.
14

Hypernatraemic dehydration in infants with diarrhoeal disease

Hill, Ivor Dennis Hill 31 July 2017 (has links)
No description available.
15

Efficacy of handwashing as an aid in the control of rotavirus and Giardia transmission

Manthriratna, Gothami Anoma, 1963- January 1989 (has links)
Diarrhea caused by rotavirus and Giardia is a major health problem among children attending day-care centers because of inadequate personnel hygiene. Epidemiological evidence suggesting person-to-person transmission of enteric pathogens has long been recognized. This study was initiated to investigate the effectiveness of handwashing for the removal of rotavirus and Giardia from contaminated hands. The palms of participant hands were innoculated with approximately 103 Giardia cysts or 105 plaque forming units of rotavirus and the effect of washing using tap water alone, a liquid soap or a bar soap on their removal was assessed. Handwashing with liquid soap was found to be very effective in the removal of rotavirus and Giardia cysts as compared to washing with bar soap or tap water alone. The overall recovery of viruses in both bar soap and liquid soap was low (0.03-22.5%), probably due to virus inactivation by the detergent.
16

Rotavirus in pediatric diarrhea /

Suda Louisirirotchanakul, Prasert Thongcharoen, January 1983 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.Sc. (Microbiology))--Mahidol University, 1983.
17

Rapid diagnosis of shigellosis /

Roongrasamee Soisangwan, Wanpen Chaicumpa, January 1999 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph.D. (Tropical Medicine)) -- Mahidol University, 1999.
18

Exclusive breastfeeding and infant morbidity in Indonesia /

Liando, T. Grace, Wassana Im-em, January 2004 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.A. (Population and Reproductive Health Research))--Mahidol University, 2004.
19

Molecular epidemiology of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae in Hong Kong /

Yam, Wing-cheong. January 1990 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1991.
20

Cartilha educativa para promoÃÃo da autoeficÃcia materna na prevenÃÃo da diarreia infantil: elaboraÃÃo e validaÃÃo / Educative booklet for promotion of maternal sel-efficacy in infantile diarrhea prevention: elaboration and validation

Leidiane Minervina Moraes de Sabino 19 January 2016 (has links)
FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / A diarreia infantil persiste entre as principais causas de hospitalizaÃÃes e mortalidade em crianÃas menores de 5 anos de idade. Dessa forma, faz-se necessÃria a elaboraÃÃo de materiais educativos que busquem elevar a autoeficÃcia materna na prevenÃÃo da diarreia infantil. Objetivou-se elaborar e validar uma cartilha educativa para promoÃÃo da autoeficÃcia materna na prevenÃÃo da diarreia infantil pelos juÃzes de conteÃdo, juÃzes tÃcnicos e populaÃÃo-alvo. Trata-se de um estudo de desenvolvimento metodolÃgico, em que foi elaborada a cartilha educativa âVocà à capaz de prevenir a diarreia no seu filho!â, utilizando-se como referencial teÃrico a Teoria de AutoeficÃcia de Bandura e como materiais de pesquisa a Escala de autoeficÃcia materna para prevenÃÃo da diarreia infantil e o vÃdeo âDiarreia infantil: vocà à capaz de prevenirâ. Para a validaÃÃo da cartilha, participaram do estudo 30 juÃzes de conteÃdo, sendo 15 juÃzes com experiÃncia docente e 15 juÃzes com experiÃncia assistencial; trÃs juÃzes tÃcnicos com experiÃncia em design grÃfico; e 31 mÃes de crianÃas menores de 5 anos de idade. Os dados foram analisados no Statistical Package for the Social Sciences versÃo 20.0. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comità de Ãtica em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do CearÃ. A cartilha foi elaborada em oito tÃpicos (como saber se a crianÃa està com diarreia; como cuidar da higiene do seu filho; saiba como cuidar da sua higiene; a limpeza do ambiente ajuda a prevenir doenÃas; vamos aprender a lavar as frutas e as verduras; veja como cuidar da alimentaÃÃo do seu filho; saiba a importÃncia da vacinaÃÃo para seu filho; como cuidar da crianÃa com diarreia), seguindo-se o que a literatura recomenda para linguagem, ilustraÃÃo e layout. Os juÃzes de conteÃdo e tÃcnicos validaram a primeira versÃo da cartilha. Em relaÃÃo à validaÃÃo, os juÃzes de conteÃdo atribuÃram IVC global de 0,88 para clareza de linguagem, 0,91 para pertinÃncia prÃtica e 0,92 para relevÃncia teÃrica. Na avaliaÃÃo realizada com o instrumento Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM), os juÃzes de conteÃdo classificaram a cartilha como âsuperiorâ, com uma mÃdia de 88,7%. Os juÃzes tÃcnicos validaram a cartilha com um IVC global de 0,96 para clareza de linguagem, 1,00 para pertinÃncia prÃtica e 1,00 para relevÃncia teÃrica. A avaliaÃÃo dos juÃzes tÃcnicos a partir do SAM classificou o material como âsuperiorâ, com uma mÃdia de 90,1%. A populaÃÃo-alvo validou a segunda versÃo da cartilha. A cartilha foi considerada clara por 86,9% das mÃes e relevante por 95,6%. O IVC global da cartilha foi de 0,99, revelando excelente nÃvel de concordÃncia entre as mÃes. A avaliaÃÃo das mÃes no que se refere à compreensÃo, atratividade, autoeficÃcia, aceitaÃÃo cultural e persuasÃo tambÃm obteve resultados satisfatÃrios. A versÃo final da cartilha foi concluÃda com 32 pÃginas, a partir das sugestÃes feitas pelos juÃzes de conteÃdo, juÃzes tÃcnicos e populaÃÃo-alvo. Conclui-se que a cartilha educativa âVocà à capaz de prevenir a diarreia no seu filho!â foi considerada vÃlida quanto ao conteÃdo e aparÃncia para a promoÃÃo da autoeficÃcia materna na prevenÃÃo da diarreia infantil. / The infantile diarrhea persists between the main causes of hospitalization and death among children under 5 years old. Therefore, it is necessary the elaboration of educational material that searches to increase the maternal self-efficacy in the infantile diarrhea prevention. An educational booklet was aimed to be created and validated by content judges, technical judges and the target audience to promote maternal self-efficacy in the prevention of infantile diarrhea. It`s about a methodological development study in which an educational booklet âYou can prevent your child from diarrhea!â was elaborated using the Banduraâs self-efficacy theory as theoretical referential and using the scale of maternal self-efficacy for infantile diarrhea prevention and the movie âInfantile Diarrhea: you can prevent itâ as research material. For the bookletâs validation, 30 content judges (15 with teaching experience and 15 with healthcare experience), 3 technical judges with graphic design experience and 31 mothers with kids under 5 years old. The data was analyzed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0. The study was approved by the Ethics in Research Committee of the Federal University of CearÃ. The booklet was draw up in eight topics (how to know if a child has diarrhea; how to take care of your childâs hygiene; how to take care of your hygiene; the cleaning of the environment helps to prevent diseases; letâs learn how to wash produce; how to take care of your childâs feeding; know the importance of vaccination for your child; how to take care of a child with diarrhea) following what the literature recommends for language, illustration and layout. The content and technical judges validated the first version of the booklet. Regarding the validation, the content judges have given a global Content Validity Index (CVI) of 0.88 for language clarity, 0.91 for practical relevance and 0.92 for theoretical relevance. The content judges classified the booklet as âsuperiorâ, with an average of 88,7%, in the evaluation taken with the Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) tool. The technical validated the booklet with a global CVI of 0.96 for language clarity, 1.00 for practical relevance and 1.00 for theoretical relevance. The technical judges classified the material as âsuperiorâ, with an average of 90.1%, according to the SAM. The target audience validated the second version of the booklet. The booklet was considered clear for 86.9% of the mothers and relevant for 95.6%. The global CVI of the booklet was 0.99, showing an excellent level of agreement among the mothers. The mother evaluation according to comprehension, attractiveness, self-efficacy, cultural acceptance and persuasion also had satisfying results. The final version of the booklet was concluded with 32 pages from the suggestions of the content judges, technical judges and target audience. Its concluded that the educational booklet âYou can prevent your child from diarrhea!â was considered valid according to content and appearance for the promotion of maternal self-efficacy in the prevention of infantile diarrhea.

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