This diploma thesis deals with the issue of teaching aids in the educational process. The attention in the first part of the work is paid to the analysis of the teaching aids functions and to the significance degree of their position in teaching. The work makes us acquainted with all the theoretical knowledge every teacher should know even prior to the creation and inclusion of relevant teaching aid within a lesson. In addition to the theory diploma thesis also provides a basic insight into the current modern concept of these didactic means. Furthermore, this area is analysed here from the point of view of experimental verification of the in teaching. This research shows how big or small the level of importance this resource has throughout the educational process and what other results there were achieved after an intensive spooling of teaching aids to lessons of accountancy. A detailed analysis pointing out all the changes and the tendencies that reign in the course of the implementation of the experiment and also after its termination. In conclusion, there is also advice and recommendations, compiled on the basis of the evaluation results that have been achieved in the framework of the pedagogical experiment.

The thesis is divided into two parts. The first deals with the theoretical view of the vocational education, its development and specifics. The next section describes the differences between education of adults and children. Then the work is focused on the personality of the lector and didactic process, its aims, methods, forms and tools. To conclude the theoretical part summarizes the principle of feedback. The second part is summarized of research where respondents are lectors themselves. From research we know how much are they competent to exercise the profession of lecturers from the point of view of teaching, respectively didactic. The research used the questionnaire with closed and open questions.

Submitted by Fernando Souza (fernandoafsou@gmail.com) on 2017-08-09T12:28:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1540670 bytes, checksum: 66a2d149be37e3bb6fb262c1a126b3a7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-09T12:28:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1540670 bytes, checksum: 66a2d149be37e3bb6fb262c1a126b3a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-07 / The experience reports of literacy teachers are considered fundamental as a strategy for continuing education, which is provided to them by the National Pact for literacy at the correct age – PNAIC. In this study, reports of activities undertaken by teachers of literacy are analyzed, in which some inconsistencies and inadequacies related to textual coherence, stemming mainly from problems of articulation between the main purpose of the activities and other items that make up the reports are observed. The general objective of this study is to investigate the disarticulation between the goals and the procedures and the strategies of activities for the acquisition of proficiency in the writing of students of the cycle of literacy, aiming at the identification of elements that may contribute to the improvement of the educational practice of literacy teachers. Assuming that coherence is a feature of textuality, the theoretical support of this study is based on Charolles (2002), Marcuschi (2008), Costa Val (2008), Antunes (2009) and Koch (2015), among others, so as to examine issues concerning the unity of the experience reports. Some other studies such as those developed by Menegolla and Sant'Anna (2010), Luckesi (2011) and those who compose the notebooks of PNAIC (2013, 2015) are also part of the theoretical support of this study. This is an applied research of qualitative nature and the corpus is consisted of twelve (12) reports, selected from those presented as one of the mandatory activities of continuing education. Starting from an overview of the reports, the analysis comprises the contextualization of each one of the main goals of the experiences reported; presents elements that characterize problems of coherence, at a macrostructural level; and signals for the repercussion of these problems in the teaching process. The study provides evidence of weaknesses in the specification of appropriate strategies to achieve determined goals and allows us to infer that the disagreement or the global inconsistency verified in the reports may imply a kind of lack more broadly in nature, which involves the teaching process as a whole. It is expected that this work may contribute to broaden the understanding of the difficulties that occur in the teaching practice, revealed in the reports of experiences, and that dealing with them may improve the learning of the children of the cycle of literacy. / Os relatos de experiência de professores alfabetizadores são considerados fundamentais como estratégia da formação continuada que lhes é oferecida, no âmbito do Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa – PNAIC. Neste estudo, são analisados relatos de atividades realizadas por professores do ciclo de alfabetização, nos quais se perceberam incongruências e impropriedades relacionadas à coerência textual, decorrentes, principalmente, de problemas de articulação entre o propósito principal das atividades e os demais itens que compõem os relatos. Tem como objetivo geral investigar a desarticulação entre os objetivos e os procedimentos e estratégias de atividades para a aquisição da proficiência na escrita de alunos do ciclo de alfabetização, visando à identificação de elementos que possam contribuir para o aprimoramento da prática educativa de alfabetizadores. Tomando a coerência como uma característica da textualidade, buscou-se o apoio teórico em Charolles (2002), Marcuschi (2008), Costa Val (2008), Antunes (2009) e Koch (2015), entre outros, para analisar questões concernentes à unidade de sentido dos relatos. Foram tomados como referência, também, outros estudos, como os de Menegolla e Sant’anna (2010), Luckesi (2011) e os que compõem os Cadernos do PNAIC (2013, 2015). Metodologicamente, trata-se de uma pesquisa aplicada, de natureza qualitativa, cujo corpus constituiu-se de doze (12) relatos, selecionados entre os apresentados como uma das atividades obrigatórias da formação continuada. Partindo de uma visão geral dos relatos, a análise contempla a contextualização de cada um dos objetivos principais das experiências, com base nos direitos de aprendizagem; apresenta elementos que caracterizam problemas de coerência, em nível macroestrutural; e sinaliza para a repercussão desses problemas no processo de ensino. O estudo traz evidências de fragilidades na especificação de estratégias apropriadas para o alcance de objetivos determinados e permite inferir que a dissonância ou incoerência global verificada nos relatos pode ser um indicativo de desarticulação de natureza mais ampla, que envolve o processo pedagógico como um todo. Espera-se que este trabalho possa contribuir para ampliar a compreensão sobre dificuldades que ocorrem na prática docente, reveladas nos relatos de experiências, e que o seu enfrentamento concorra para a melhoria da aprendizagem das crianças do ciclo de alfabetização.

The diploma thesis deals with the topic of integration of the Czech republic to the European Union and its teaching in civic education at lower secondary school. By the initial analysis of the work I will set down the most important outcomes in curriculum the task of the didactic procedures. The topic is represented in the educational area Man in Society and in the cross- curricural subject Education Towards Thinking in European and Global Contexts contained in Framework Education Programme for Elementary Education. Suggestions of didactic procedures are the main part of the thesis. They will follow the pupils' own experience and they should help them to realize the ifluence of membership in the European Union on their everyday life. Each topic begins with an introduction of the issue, which contains a brief theoretical background of the topic. The thesis will present selected actual problem solved at the European level, students will be led to critical thinking and expressing their own attitude based on orientation in legal and social aspects. The thesis will contain information background for teachers and specific didactic materials for pupils.