Ce travail de thèse traite des modifications de l’écoulement et des transferts de chaleur en convection naturelle. La configuration retenue est celle de la cavité différentiellement chauffée de rapport de forme 4. Les modifications sont réalisées au moyen d’une perturbation locale de faible étendue spatiale positionnée sur la paroi chaude pour une valeur du nombre de Raleigh se situant autour de la valeur critique correspondant à la transition d’un état stationnaire à une état instationnaire. Deux études complémentaires ont été menées. Une étude numérique préliminaire a été réalisée, dans laquelle une perturbation d’origine thermique a été introduite sous la forme d’un changement local de la température imposé sur la paroi isotherme. Il a été montré que l’on peut changer le régime d’écoulement depuis un état stationnaire vers un état instationnaire. De plus, les transferts de chaleur peuvent être modifiés de façon significative par un choix approprié des paramètres de la perturbation (fréquence, amplitude et position). Une étude complémentaire sur un dispositif expérimental a été conduite avec le positionnement d’un obstacle cylindrique sur la paroi chaude. Deux types d’obstacles ont été choisis : isolant et conducteur. L’impact sur la thermique et la dynamique de la longueur de l’obstacle,de sa position verticale, du nombre de Rayleigh de l’écoulement ou encore du nombre d’obstacles introduits a été analysé dans le plan vertical à mi- profondeur. / This thesis deals with the modifications of heat transfer and fluid flow in natural convection. The configuration chosen is a differentially heated cavity of aspect ratio equal to 4. The modifications are achieved using a small spatial extent disturbance located at the hot wall at a Rayleigh number value close of the critical value corresponding to the transition from steady to unsteady state. Two complementary studies were conducted. A preliminary numerical study was carried out, in which a thermal disturbance was introduced by means of a local change of the imposed temperature at the isothermal wall. It was shown that the flow regime can be changed from a steady state to an unsteady one. In addition, the heat transfers can be significantly modified by an appropriate choice of disturbance parameters (frequency, magnitude and location). An additional study, using an experimental device, was conducted by positioning a cylindrical obstacle on the hotwall. Two types of obstacles were chosen : insulating and conductive. The influence on heat transfers of the length of the obstacle, its vertical location, the Rayleigh number ofthe flow as well as the number of obstacles was analyzed in the vertical mid-depth plane.

The simulation of physical systems in the early stages of conceptual designs has shown to be a key factor for adequate decision making and avoiding big and expensive issues downstream in engineering projects. In the case of aircraft cabin design, taking into account the thermal comfort of the passengers as well as the proper air circulation and renovation can make this difference. However, current numerical fluid simulations (CFD) are too computationally expensive for integrating them in early design stages where extensive comparative studies have to be performed. Instead, Zonal Models (ZM) appear to be a fast-computation approach that can provide coarse simulations for aircraft cabin flows. In this thesis, a Zonal Model solver is developed as well as a geometry-definition and meshing framework, both in Matlab®, for performing coarse, flexible and computationally cheap flow simulations of user-defined cabin designs. On one hand, this solver consists of a Fractional Step approach for coarse unstructured bi-dimensional meshes. On the other, the cabin geometry can be introduced by hand for simple shapes, but also with Computational Aided Design tools (CAD) for more complex designs. Additionally, it can be chosen to generate the meshes from scratch or morph them from previously generated ones. / <p>The presentation was online</p>