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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

DetecÃÃo EletroanalÃtica e Estudo do Mecanismo de OxidaÃÃo do Pesticida Dimetomorfe / Electroanalytical Detection and Oxidation Mechanism Study of Dimethomorph Pesticide.

Francisco Willian de Souza Lucas 17 July 2012 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / O Dimetomorfe (DIM) pertence à classe dos fungicidas morfolÃnicos, tem aÃÃo sistÃmica, à persistente nas matrizes alimentÃcias e em solos de plantio onde foi aplicado e à um possÃvel interferente endÃcrino, o que justifica o desenvolvimento de metodologias para detecÃÃo e quantificaÃÃo desse composto. No estudo eletroquÃmico pode-se observar que DIM apresentou processo eletroquÃmico controlado por difusÃo e caracterizado como quasi-reversÃvel, com potencial de eletrodo em torno de 1,28 V vs. eletrodo de Ag/AgCl/Cl-(KCl sat.), referente à transferÃncia de dois elÃtrons. No desenvolvimento da metodologia eletroanalÃtica utilizando voltametria de onda quadrada e o eletrodo de diamante dopado com boro, constatou-se que as melhores condiÃÃes experimentais e voltamÃtricas foram obtidas em tampÃo Britton-Robinson pH 3, como eletrÃlito de suporte, frequÃncia de aplicaÃÃo dos pulsos de potencial de 30 s-1, amplitude dos pulsos de potencial de 50 mV e incremento de potencial de 2 mV. Partindo dessas condiÃÃes foi possÃvel desenvolver uma metodologia analÃtica com faixa linear de 4,57x10-6 a 3,78x10-4 mol L-1, limite de detecÃÃo de 3,11x10-7 mol L-1, limite de quantificaÃÃo de 1,04x10-6 mol L-1, repetibilidade de 0,13% (n = 10) e reprodutibilidade de 0,92% (n = 5). A avaliaÃÃo da interferÃncia das espÃcies iÃnicas presentes no eletrÃlito de suporte e do Mancozebe (MZB), presente em coformulaÃÃes de DIM, na exatidÃo e na precisÃo da metodologia mostrou que essas espÃcies exercem pouca influÃncia. A recuperaÃÃo em eletrÃlito foi de 97,25  0,70 %, com confianÃa de 95%, e BIAS de 2,74 %. O percentual de interferÃncia do MZB, em diferentes concentraÃÃes, foi menor que |10%|. A aplicaÃÃo da metodologia proposta na determinaÃÃo do DIM em uva in natura e em vinho tinto apresentou percentual de recuperaÃÃo de 101,0  12,1% e 105,1  10,8% com confianÃa de 95%, respectivamente, e BIAS menor que 6%. Baseando-se nas informaÃÃes quÃmico-computacionais, pode-se inferir que o sÃtio de oxidaÃÃo do DIM à na dupla ligaÃÃo nÃo aromÃtica. Os dados obtidos por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a um espectrÃmetro de massa levaram à conclusÃo que a natureza do substrato eletrÃdico nÃo interfere no mecanismo global da reaÃÃo de eletrooxidaÃÃo do DIM, sendo formado o (4-clorofenil)-(3,4-dimetoxifenil)metanona como produto majoritÃrio. / Dimethomorph (DIM) belongs to the class of morpholinic fungicides, it has systemic action, it is persistent in food matrices and in planting soils where was applied and a possible endocrine interferent, justifying the development of methodologies for detection and quantification of this compound. In the electrochemical study can be seen that the DIM had electrochemical process diffusion-controlled and characterized as quasi-reversible, with electrode potential of approximately 1.28 V vs. Ag/AgCl/Cl-(KCl sat.) electrode and involving two electrons transfer. In the development of electroanalytical methods using the square-wave voltammetry and the boron-doped diamond electrode, it was found that the best experimental and voltammetric conditions were obtained in Britton-Robinson buffer pH 3, as supporting electrolyte, pulse potential frequency of 30 s-1, square-wave amplitude of 50 mV and potential step increment of 2 mV. From these conditions it was possible to develop an analytical method with a linear range from 4.57x10-6 to 3.78x10-4 mol L-1, detection limit of 3.11x10-7 mol L-1, quantification limit of 1.04x10-6 mol L-1, 0.13% of repeatability (n = 10) and 0.92% of reproducibility (n = 5). The evaluation of the interference of the ionic compounds present in the supporting electrolyte and the Mancozebe (MZB), present in DIM co-formulations, in the accuracy and precision of the methodology showed that these species have little influence. The recovery in electrolyte was of 97.25  0.70%, with 95% confidence, and BIAS of 2.74%. The percentage of MZB interference, in different concentrations, was less than |10%|. The application of the proposed methodology for determining of the DIM in fresh grapes and red wine showed a percent recovery equal to 101.0  12.1% and 105.1  10.8% with 95% confidence, respectively, and BIAS less than 6 %. Based on the quantum-chemicals information, we can infer that the site of oxidation of DIM is the non-aromatic double bond. The data obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry led to the conclusion that the electrodic substrate nature does not interfere in the overall mechanism of the DIM electrooxidation reaction, in which is formed the (4-chlorophenyl)-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methanone as major product.

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