Actualmente la economía del Perú está estrechamente vinculada con el sector construcción, existen diversos factores por qué este sector no ha crecido, específicamente en el sector público. Durante el 2018 el estado peruano contó con más de 49 (cuarenta y nueve) mil millones de soles programados para ejecución de Obras (Según Consulta Amigable del Portal del Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas), sin embargo, solo se han gastado treinta y dos mil millones de soles en inversiones de obras lo que hace que existe diversos factores que influyen que este dinero programado no se pueda gastar. De estos cuarenta y nueve mil millones de soles en proyectos para ejecución están incluidos la construcción de obras por administración directa el cual por los problemas que existe en el sector construcción siendo el desconocimiento acerca de la ejecución de obras por administración directa hace que este monto programado no supere 65% de ejecución presupuestaria. El sector Educación durante el año 2018 ha contado con más de 1,500 millones de soles en gastos programados para la ejecución del año fiscal 2018, siendo ejecutados alrededor de un 71% lo que significa que no existe éxito en la ejecución de gasto presupuestal en este sector, La UNDAC para el 2018 ha programado más de 18 millones de soles en ejecución de obras por administración directa e indirecta ejecutando solo un 27.7% lo que significa un bajo nivel de gasto presupuestal y un problema para solucionar esta brecha. Este trabajo de investigación desarrollará una propuesta de directiva para ejecución de obra por la modalidad de administración directa ya que la UNDAC no cuenta a la fecha con una directiva eficaz para esta modalidad de ejecución de obras. En el capítulo I de este Proyecto de Investigación se planteará el problema de investigación evidenciando los objetivos y la justificación de nuestro trabajo de investigación. En el Capítulo II presentaremos el marco teórico en relación a la ejecución de obras por la modalidad de administración directa, indicando los antecedentes, palabras claves, definición de conceptos básicos y la hipótesis de nuestro trabajo de investigación. En el Capítulo III presentaremos la metodología de investigación indicando el tipo, diseño y metodología de investigación como también el procesamiento y análisis de datos de los proyectos evaluados y de la directiva planteada. En el Capítulo IV explicaremos todos los resultados que emanan de nuestro trabajo de investigación en base a índices, montos, y acciones que resulta de la implementación de la directiva y por último se discutirá en el Capítulo V las conclusiones y recomendaciones que derivan de la investigación. / Currently the economy of Peru is closely linked to the construction sector, there are currently several factors why this sector has not grown specifically in the public sector. During 2018, the state had more than 49 billion soles scheduled for the execution of Works (According to the Friendly Consultation of the Portal of the Ministry of Economy and Finance), however, only 32 billion soles have been spent on construction investments. which causes that there are several factors that influence that this programmed money cannot be spent. Of these 49 million in Projects for execution, the construction of works by Direct administration is included which, due to the problems that exist in the construction sector, the lack of knowledge about the execution of works by direct administration means that this programmed amount does not exceed 65% of Budget Execution. The Education sector during 2018 has had more than one thousand five hundred million soles in expenses planned for the execution of fiscal year 2018, being executed around 71% which means that there is no success in the execution of budget expenditure in this sector, UNDAC for 2018 has programmed more than 18 million soles in execution of works by direct and indirect administration, executing only 27.7%, which means a low level of budgetary expenditure. This research work will develop a proposal for a directive for the execution of work by the direct administration modality since UNDAC does not have an effective directive for this type of execution of works. In Chapter I of this Research Project, the research problem will be presented, evidencing the objectives and justification of our research work. In Chapter II we will present the theoretical framework in relation to the execution of works by the direct administration modality, indicating the background, keywords, definition of basic concepts and the hypothesis of our research work. In Chapter III we will present the research methodology indicating the type, design and research methodology as well as the data processing and analysis of the projects evaluated and the proposed directive. In Chapter IV we will explain all the results emanating from our research work based on indices, amounts, and actions resulting from the implementation of the directive and Finally, the conclusions and recommendations derived from the investigation will be discussed in Chapter V. / Trabajo de investigación

La siguiente investigación tiene por objetivo principal elaborar una propuesta de implementación de metodologías de gestión que permitan que las obras publicas cumplan con sus plazos y presupuestos. Es muy común que los proyectos ejecutados bajo la modalidad de administración directa en la región de Cusco no cumplan con los objetivos de plazo y costo inicialmente trazados. La investigación se centra en el análisis y evaluación de un proyecto público de construcción de defensas ribereñas en la región de Cusco ejecutado bajo la modalidad de administración directa que a lo largo de su ejecución ha presentado constantes solicitudes de ampliaciones de plazo y presupuesto. La presente investigación elabora una propuesta de implementación de la metodología Last Planner System adaptando los conceptos y buenas prácticas del Lean Construction a la ejecución de proyectos bajo esta modalidad. En esencia esta investigación comprende el desarrollo del marco teórico, la evaluación del estado situacional del caso de estudio en donde se ha analizado la incidencia del factor humano, la procura de los materiales y la planificación de obra, un capítulo en el cual se ha elaborado la propuesta de implementación basada en la aplicación racional de los principios Lean y Last Planner System adaptado a proyectos ejecutados bajo la modalidad de administración directa y el caso de estudio y por ultimo un capítulo en el cual se ha calculado los costos de implementación de la propuesta y detallado los beneficios de dicha implementación. / The main objective of this research is to work on a proposal for the implementation of management methodologies that allow public works to meet their deadlines and budgets. It is very common that projects executed under the modality of direct administration in the Cusco region do not meet the deadline and cost objectives initially set. The research focuses on the analysis and evaluation of a public project for the construction of riparian defenses in the Cusco region executed under the modality of direct administration that throughout its execution has presented constant requests for extensions of term and budget. This research elaborates a proposal for the implementation of the Last Planner System methodology, adapting the concepts and good practices of Lean Construction to the execution of projects under this modality. In essence, this research includes the development of the theoretical framework, the evaluation of the situational state of the case study where the incidence of the human factor has been analyzed, the procurement of materials and work planning, a chapter in which the implementation proposal has been elaborated based on the rational application of the Lean and Last Planner System principles adapted to projects executed under the modality of direct administration and the case study and finally a chapter in which the costs of implementation of the proposal have been calculated and detailed the benefits of said implementation. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene la finalidad de implementar el Sistema Last Planner como parte de la etapa de planeamiento del expediente técnico de una obra piloto ejecutada bajo administración directa del Gobierno Regional de Cusco. Con la finalidad de gestionar las restricciones identificadas durante la ejecución de obra. Se obtuvo que las principales restricciones fueron la responsabilidad de los ejecutores de obra y a su vez agentes externos de los que depende el avance, los tiempos previstos en el expediente técnico no son flexibles ante cambios o imprevistos y finalmente que los proveedores no cumplen la entrega puntual de bienes y servicios. El contexto se planteó desde las definiciones y normas que rigen al gobierno regional, su sistema de funcionamiento a través de unidades ejecutoras y finalmente a las obras ejecutadas bajo administración directa de la sede central del gobierno regional de donde se seleccionó una obra piloto que culmino su ejecución recientemente para recoger las restricciones y problemas que tuvo. Luego aplicar el sistema Last Planner al expediente técnico de la obra piloto se pudo comparar con el proyecto inicial donde finalmente se concluyó que implementar el Last Planner logra un mejor desempeño al tener herramientas suficientes para garantizar el cumplimiento de las asignaciones en el tiempo establecido, lo que se refleja en menos inventarios intermedios estancados y mejor optimización del uso de mano de obra. / The purpose of this investigation work is to implement the Last Planner System as part of the planning stage of the technical file of a pilot project executed under the direct administration of the Regional Government of Cusco. To manage the restrictions identified during the execution of the work. It was found that the main restrictions were the responsibility of the work executors and external agents on which progress depends, the times provided in the technical dossier are not flexible to changes or unforeseen events and finally that suppliers do not meet the timely delivery of goods and services. The context was approached from the definitions and norms that govern the regional government, its system of operation through executing units and finally to the works executed under direct administration of the regional government headquarters, from which a pilot work was selected that recently finished its execution to collect the restrictions and problems it had. After applying the Last Planner system to the technical file of the pilot project, it was possible to compare it with the initial project where it was finally concluded that implementing the Last Planner system achieves better performance by having sufficient tools to guarantee the fulfillment of the assignments in the established time, which is reflected in less intermediate inventories stagnant and better optimization of the use of labor. / Tesis

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2018-01-25T23:24:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O - Samantha Souza da Costa Pereira.pdf: 2895480 bytes, checksum: 36fd7df7a9b24c33058c77c93d524818 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-25T23:24:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O - Samantha Souza da Costa Pereira.pdf: 2895480 bytes, checksum: 36fd7df7a9b24c33058c77c93d524818 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-20 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Hospitals are very complex structures and represent the most traditional way of organization in the health sector. Managing these organizations is a very challenging and equally difficult task. The Unified Health System (SUS) is endowed with an agreed hospital network and another own network, which may be administered directly by the State (Direct Administration) or by third parties (Indirect Administration). Direct Administration, here discussed, involves different management models. In this study, three paradigms of public administration, present in SUS hospitals are discussed: Patrimonialist, Bureaucratic and New Public Management. Composing intrinsically the management apparatus, there is the decision-making process, which constitutes an extremely relevant instrument in the administrative area. Thus, this research has as a general objective: to analyze the model of hospital management of the State Health Secretariat of Bahia (SESAB), under direct administration. To do so, a qualitative investigation was carried out through a case study, conducted in three large state hospitals under Direct Administration. Senior managers from the hospitals participated in this study, as well as a director of SESAB, who were submitted to the semi-structured interview. Other primary and secondary data sources were used, consisting of freely accessible documents. The data were analyzed in light of the Content Analysis, observing all the ethical principles contained in Resolution 466/12. As results, it was verified that the sociodemographic profile of the managers follows an expected pattern: majority of white men, with average age of 48 years, medical doctors, with specialization in hospital administration and having past experience. The perception of these managers about their management units pointed to serious demand problems. The management model characterized by the managers aggregates characteristics of the three management paradigms, with predominance of the Bureaucratic Model. When mentioning that the management model present in their action unit is ?Participative?, managers approached the ideology advocated by the SUS, however, the organizational design of two of the hospitals studied indicates the existence of a still rigid structure. The decision-making process still followed a centralized practice. Thus, it is assumed that the adoption of a collegiate management model would be an alternative to democratize it, as it also is with the establishment of participatory decision-making processes. This study revealed that there is still a gap in the study of the management model present in hospitals administered by the State. Therefore, it is suggested that further studies should be carried out in this regard, as their results may lead to improvements in state administrative structures and contribute to the State?s ability to take over the management of the public machine. / Os hospitais s?o estruturas hipercomplexas e representam a forma mais tradicional de organiza??o no setor de sa?de. Administrar estas organiza??es constitui-se numa tarefa deveras desafiadora e igualmente dif?cil. O Sistema ?nico de Sa?de (SUS) ? dotado de uma rede hospitalar conveniada e outra pr?pria, podendo esta ?ltima ser administrada diretamente pelo Estado (Administra??o Direta) ou por terceiros (Administra??o Indireta). A Administra??o Direta, aqui abordada, comporta diferentes modelos de gest?o. Neste estudo, s?o discutidos tr?s paradigmas da administra??o p?blica, presentes em hospitais do SUS: Patrimonialista, Burocr?tica e Gerencial. Compondo de forma intr?nseca o aparato da gest?o, tem-se o processo decis?rio, que se constitui num instrumento extremamente relevante na seara administrativa. Desse modo, essa investiga??o tem como objetivo geral: analisar o modelo de gest?o de hospitais da Secretaria Estadual de Sa?de da Bahia (SESAB), sob administra??o direta. Para tanto, procedeu-se a uma investiga??o qualitativa, por meio de um estudo de caso, realizado em tr?s hospitais estaduais, de grande porte e sob Administra??o Direta. Participaram desse estudo gestores da alta dire??o dos hospitais, al?m de um diretor da SESAB, os quais foram submetidos ? entrevista semiestruturada. Foram utilizadas outras fontes prim?rias e secund?rias de dados, que s?o documentos de livre acesso. Os dados foram analisados ? luz da An?lise de Conte?do, observando-se todos os princ?pios ?ticos contidos na Resolu??o 466/12. Como resultados, verificou-se que o perfil sociodemogr?fico dos gestores segue um padr?o esperado: maioria de homens brancos, com idade m?dia de 48 anos, m?dicos, com especializa??o em administra??o hospitalar e dotados de experi?ncia pret?rita. A percep??o desses gestores acerca das suas unidades de gest?o apontou s?rios problemas de demanda. O modelo de gest?o caracterizado pelos gestores agrega caracter?sticas dos tr?s paradigmas de gest?o, com predomin?ncia do Modelo Burocr?tico. Ao referirem que o modelo de gest?o presente em sua unidade de atua??o ? ?Participativo?, os gestores se aproximaram do ide?rio preconizado pelo SUS, entretanto, o desenho organizacional de dois dos hospitais estudados sinaliza a exist?ncia de uma estrutura ainda r?gida. O processo decis?rio ainda seguia uma pr?tica centralizada. Sendo assim, tem-se que a ado??o de um modelo de gest?o colegiada seria uma alternativa para democratizar a gest?o. De igual modo, a instaura??o de processos decis?rios participativos. Este trabalho revelou que ainda h? uma lacuna no que se refere ao estudo do modelo de gest?o presente nos hospitais administrados pelo Estado. Portanto, sugere-se que mais estudos sejam realizados neste aspecto, uma vez que os resultados deles advindos podem redundar em aperfei?oamento das estruturas administrativas estatais, e contribuir para que o Estado assuma com compet?ncia a gest?o da m?quina p?blica.