FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar as manifestaÃÃes evidenciais e modais epistÃmicas e sua relaÃÃo com o grau de comprometimento do autor de artigos cientÃficos com o conteÃdo asseverado. Para a descriÃÃo e anÃlise dos dados, adotamos a perspectiva funcionalista da linguagem. Nesta, a lÃngua nÃo à entendida como um objeto autÃnomo, mas como um sistema que sofre pressÃes da situaÃÃo comunicativa. Dessa forma, a investigaÃÃo realizada parte das expressÃes em uso, buscando entender o funcionamento da lÃngua, pois à no uso que as expressÃes adquirem sentido. O corpus desta pesquisa à constituÃdo por nove artigos cientÃficos retirados de anais de encontros ocorridos na Ãrea de LinguÃstica, no perÃodo de 2008 e 2009. Optamos pela anÃlise da evidencialidade e da modalidade epistÃmica como domÃnios funcionais marcadores do nÃvel comprometimento do autor em artigos cientÃficos por pressupormos que, em tal gÃnero, poderemos encontrar vÃrias marcas dessas categorias utilizadas como estratÃgias de distanciamento, jà que o autor desse tipo de texto busca maior objetividade, conforme prescriÃÃo dos manuais de metodologia cientÃfica, distanciando-se do conteÃdo para garantir cientificidade ao seu trabalho. Coletamos 410 ocorrÃncias que foram analisadas quanto aos aspectos sintÃticos (meios de expressÃo e posiÃÃo da marca evidencial no enunciado), semÃnticos (tipo de domÃnio e tipo de fonte da manifestaÃÃo evidencial) e pragmÃticos (grau de envolvimento do autor de artigos cientÃficos com o conteÃdo enunciado e presenÃa de marcas explÃcitas de adesÃo). Os resultados obtidos comprovaram que a evidencialidade e a modalidade epistÃmica sÃo utilizadas em textos cientÃficos para promover um efeito de mÃdio comprometimento. Essa constataÃÃo revela que, o discurso cientÃfico à marcado pelo uso de expressÃes que âmascaramâ a subjetividade do autor e evidenciam um comprometimento parcial dele com a verdade enunciada. Quanto aos meios de expressÃo utilizados, verificamos a preferÃncia dos autores de artigos cientÃficos pelo uso de manifestaÃÃes evidenciais e modais epistÃmicas expressas atravÃs de itens verbais. No gÃnero analisado, constatamos maior recorrÃncia de evidencialidade reportada de fonte definida, com marca intercalada entre a fonte da informaÃÃo e o conteÃdo comunicado. / This study aims at analyzing evidentiality and epistemic modality and their relationship with the level of engagement of a scientific article writer and the stated content. To the description and analysis of the data it is used the functional perspective on language, in which the language is not understood as an independent object, but as a system under the pressure of communicative situations. Thus, this investigation focuses on the expressions in use, trying to understand the functioning of the language, since it is through the use that the expressions acquire meaning. In order to make this research possible the corpus used is constituted by 9 scientific articles taken from Linguistics annals published within the years of 2008 and 2009. We have chosen the analysis of evidentiality and epistemic modality as functional domains which mark the level of engagement of a scientific article writer since we have as a presupposition that in such case, we may find several registers of these categories used as detachment strategies, considering that the author of this type of writing leads towards objectiveness as stipulated by manuals of scientific methodology, getting detached from the content to preserve the work scientific style. 410 occurrences have been collected and analyzed concerning synthetic (means of expressions and position of evidential marks in the statement), semantic (type of domain and source of the evidential manifestation), and pragmatic (level of commitment of a scientific article writer with the stated content, and the presence of explicit marks of adhesion) aspects. The results proved that evidentiality and epistemic modality are used in scientific texts to promote an effect of medium engagement, revealing that the scientific discourse is marked by the use of expressions that mask the authorâs subjectivity and highlight their partial engagement with the established truth. Concerning the means of expressions used, we observed that scientific article writers prefer the use of evidential and epistemic modal manifestations expressed through verbal items. Regarding the analyzed genre, it has been found more occurrences related to the reported evidentiality from a definite source, with interspersed marks between the source of information and the established content.

L’adolescence est marquée par un engagement intense des sujets dans les relations amicales qui représentent des liens bien plus complexes qu’il n’y paraît. Les changements sociétaux infèrent une évolution de la dynamique et de la nature des relations entre adolescents. Ils participent alors largement à une diversification de leurs formes et à intensifier leurs influences sur le développement des jeunes. Dans ce cadre, l’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer l’influence de la qualité des relations entre pairs sur la démobilisation scolaire des adolescents, ainsi que l’effet médiateur de la valeur accordée à l’école. Cette recherche, s’inscrivant dans une approche interactionniste dans le champ de psychologie sociale et du développement (Malrieu, 1973 ; Mead, 1963 ; Wallon, 1941), nous a permis de souligner la part active et subjective du sujet, tant dans son rapport aux pairs que dans son rapport à l’école. L’étude a été réalisée à l’aide d’un questionnaire, renseigné par 676 adolescents scolarisés en 3ème dans des collèges issus de l’éducation prioritaire (185) et des collèges publics et privés (582). Ce questionnaire appréhende dans une première partie la (dé)mobilisation scolaire des adolescents sous la forme d’une auto-évaluation de leur niveau scolaire, de leur attention et de leur implication en classe, de leur persévérance scolaire, et de leur intérêt pour le travail personnel et la réussite. Dans une deuxième partie, nous cherchons à appréhender la valeur que les adolescents accordent à l’école, selon les dimensions épistémiques, futures, sociales ou externalisées. La troisième partie est consacrée à la qualité des relations entre pairs appréhendée selon la recherche de conformité, la capacité à se dégager de la pression des pairs, le soutien social et le sentiment d’isolement social. Nos résultats révèlent que la recherche extrême de conformité influence significativement la démobilisation scolaire et favorise conjointement un rapport externalisé à l’école (stratégique et social). Le sentiment d’isolement participe, au contraire, à la mobilisation scolaire de l’élève et favorise un rapport épistémique à l’école. Les deux autres dimensions sont médiatisées par la valeur accordée à l’école. Il ressort ainsi que le soutien social et la pression du groupe ressentis par les adolescents favorisent la mobilisation scolaire à condition qu’ils accordent du sens à l’école pour leurs apprentissages scolaires et intellectuels, et non pour leurs apprentissages relationnels et affectifs. / Adolescence is influenced by an intense engagement in friendships interactions. These interactions create more complex bonds than expected. Social changes cause an evolution in the nature and the dynamics of adolescents' relationships. Those changes create a diversification of relationship types which impact on the adolescent's development. The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of friendship quality on adolescents' academic disengagement, as well as the mediator effect of the value towards school. The psychosocial approach, in which we fit, allowed us to highlight both active and subjective parts of the subject with regards to peers and what do they have to do with school (Malrieu, 1973; Mead, 1963; Wallon, 1941). Thus, in the present study, our aim was to investigate links among adolescents' peer-relationships and their academic engagement. 696 8th grade (middle school) adolescents schooled in France answered a questionnaire. 185 come from disadvantaged schools, and the other 511 from public and private "classic" schools. On the one hand, this questionnaire, studies the academic engagement of the adolescents, through the evaluation of their marks, attention, implication, and school perseverance and also their interest for personal work and success. On the other hand, we were looking for the amount of interest they give to the school according to whether it is seen towards epistemic, future, social or externalized dimensions. A third part is devoted to the quality of peers' relationships in relation to the research of conformity, the capacity to handle the pressure from the peers, social support and loneliness. Our results reveal that an extreme search of conformity is likely to provoke academic disengagement and also jointly supports a report externalized towards the school (strategic and social). On the contrary, loneliness promotes a good scholar investment and epistemic interaction towards the school. Two other dimensions are related to the value given to the school by adolescents. It arises that social support and peer pressure felt by adolescents further academic engagement only if they grant scholar and intellectual knowledge rather than to the detriment of their relationships.