The current study explores the social construction of natural hazards vulnerability by examining the perceptions of emergency management personnel, homeless service providers and homeless men living in Central Florida. The matrix of vulnerability is proposed as a framework for studying disaster vulnerability, wherein vulnerability is viewed as a complex process consisting of social and physical risk, human agency and time. Using the matrix as a guiding framework, this study examines the risks that natural hazards present to the homeless living in Central Florida and the strategies used by the homeless to manage these risks. This study argues that because the homeless experience increased exposure to natural hazards coupled with potential chronic medical conditions, economic hardship, and social stigma, they are more vulnerable to natural hazards than the general population. However, this study finds that homeless men in Central Florida utilize a variety of strategies that help them manage their risks to severe and inclement weather in Central Florida.

Objectives. Evaluate and compare the macronutrient distribution of the food baskets delivered by Peruvian municipalities during the COVID-19 pandemic according to the geographic domain and assigned budget level. Materials and methods. Secondary analysis of the database “Consultation of Acquisition and distribution of basic necessities of the basic family basket” of the General Comptroller of the Republic. Stratified probability sampling was carried out. The distribution of caloric intake was calculated according to macronutrients and compared with the Acceptable Intervals of Macronutrient Distribution (IADM) of the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP) and the National Institute of Civil Defense (INDECI). Results. At the national level, the median caloric intake of proteins was 7.7%; carbohydrates 62.5%; and fats 28.1%. The proportion of municipalities with a protein deficit was 84%; Municipalities with excess carbohydrates ranged from 16.5% (according to INCAP) to 35.9% (according to INDECI), and with excess fat, it was 61.6% (according to INCAP) and 20.2% (according to INDECI). According to INDECI, nationally only 9.2% of municipalities delivered baskets with an adequate distribution of macronutrients; Metropolitan Lima stands out with the highest proportions of adequate baskets, while in the Jungle this percentage was less than 5%. Conclusions. Most of the baskets delivered did not have adequate macronutrient distribution. Especially the baskets of municipalities outside of Metropolitan Lima or that had a smaller budget. Carbohydrates and fats were the nutrients that were included in excess, while proteins were deficient. / Objetivos. Evaluar y comparar la distribución de macronutrientes de las canastas alimentarias entregadas por las municipalidades peruanas durante la pandemia de COVID-19 según dominio geográfico y nivel de presupuesto asignado. Materiales y métodos. Análisis secundario de la base de datos «Consulta de adquisición y distribución de bienes de primera necesidad de la canasta básica familiar» de la Contraloría General de la República. Se realizó un muestreo probabilístico estratificado. Se calculó la distribución del aporte calórico según macronutrientes y se comparó con los intervalos aceptables de distribución de macronutrientes (IADM) del Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá (INCAP) y del Instituto Nacional de Defensa Civil (INDECI). Resultados. A nivel nacional la mediana del aporte calórico de las proteínas fue 7,7%; carbohidratos 62,5%, y grasas 28,1%. La proporción de municipalidades con canastas con déficit de proteínas fue de 84%. Las municipalidades con canastas con exceso de carbohidratos variaron de 16,5% (según INCAP) a 35,9% (según INDECI) y con exceso de grasas fue 61,6 % (según INCAP) y 20,2% (según INDECI). Según INDECI, a nivel nacional solo el 9,2% de municipalidades entregaron canastas con distribución adecuada de macronutrientes, aquí destaca Lima Metropolitana con las proporciones más altas; mientras que en la selva este porcentaje fue menor del 5%. Conclusiones. La mayoría de las canastas entregadas no tuvieron distribución adecuada de macronutrientes, en especial las canastas de municipalidades fuera de Lima Metropolitana o las que contaban con menor presupuesto. Los carbohidratos y las grasas fueron los nutrientes que se incluyeron en exceso, mientras que las proteínas tuvieron déficit. / Revisión por pares

Just and equitable responses to the disparate impacts of climate change on communities and individuals throughout the world are at the heart of the concept of climate justice. Commodification, in the context of my research, is the process of monetizing nature and livelihoods for the purpose of surplus accumulation and profit maximization. In this study, my aim was to contextualize the concepts of climate injustice, disaster capitalism, and the commodification of lives and livelihoods in the specific setting of disaster vulnerability in southwest coastal Bangladesh. By conducting a case study in Kamarkhola and Sutarkhali regions of southwest coastal Bangladesh, I utilized discourse analysis and content analysis of livelihood interviews, semi-structured interviews, and policy documents to demonstrate the conceptual interrelation among global climate change, climate injustice, disaster capitalism, and capitalist expansion in environmentally precarious areas. I argue that in Southwest Coastal Bangladesh, the vulnerability to disasters stems from a complex and multifaceted layer of social hierarchies and inequalities, entwined with factors such as class and power relations. I also argue that Inequalities in the political, economic, and social realms have a key role in imposing vulnerability on disadvantaged people living in ecologically vulnerable areas. The perpetuation of inequality is sustained by the expansion and accumulation of capital through the dispossession and exploitation of natural resources. The existing approaches to climate change adaptation in the southwest coastal region of Bangladesh are deeply entrenched in neoliberal capitalism. The introduction of neoliberal economic policies, such as the privatization of state lands and the promotion of export-oriented aquaculture, created favorable conditions for capitalist expansion in environmentally vulnerable places through "accumulation by dispossession."