Orientador: Juliany Gomes Quitzan / Resumo: O carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) é uma neoplasia epitelial originada dos queratinócitos da pele de cães. Sua etiologia está relacionada à exposição a raios solares ultravioletas, o que o coloca como uma das neoplasias mais frequentes em países tropicais de clima quente. O CCE cutâneo tem comportamento invasivo local, baixa capacidade de metástase e frequentemente encontra-se associado à ceratose actinica. Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do tratamento pré-operatório com piroxicam (Px) na expressão de COX-2 e Ki67, indicadores de inflamação e proliferação celular, respectivamente, em cães acometidos por CCE cutâneo. Além disso, o intervalo livre de doença (ILD) por um período de pelo menos 180 dias após excisão cirúrgica associada a regime de baixa dose diária com Px (0.3mg/kg) e ciclofosfamida (CYC; 15mg/m2) foi determinado nesta população. Não houve diferença estatística significativa na expressão de COX-2 após o tratamento pré-cirúrgico com Px; no entanto, houve diminuição no índice proliferativo marcado com Ki67 (P<0.05). Não foi encontrada alteração significativa no ILD no grupo tratado com Px e CYC (160 dias), quando comparado com o grupo controle retrospectivo (145 dias), tratado somente com ressecção cirúrgica. Não houve diferença estatística no ILD quando analisados o grau histológico, índice mitótico, tempo de evolução, metástase de linfonodos e o comprometimento das margens cirúrgicas. Adicionalmente, cães com estadiamento T4, independente do tratam... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is an epithelial neoplasm that arises from skin keratinocytes of the dogs. Its etiology is related to ultraviolet sunlight, which puts it as one of the most frequent neoplasm in tropical hot weather countries. Cutaneous SCC have a locally invasive, low metastatic behavior, and is often associated with actinic keratosis. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pre-operative treatment with piroxicam (Px) on COX-2 and Ki67 expression, indicators of inflammation and cell proliferation, respectively. Besides that, the evaluation of disease-free interval (DFI) of these animals for at least 180 days after surgical excision associated with a daily low-dose treatment with Px (0.3mg/kg) and cyclophosphamide (CYC; 15mg/m2). There was no statically significant difference between COX-2 expression before and after treatment with Px; However, there was a significant decrease on Ki67 proliferative index (P<0.05). No significance was found in DFI when comparing the group treated with Px and CYC (160 days) and the control retrospective group (145 days), treated only with surgical resection. There was no statically difference on DFI when accessing histological grade, mitotic index, evolution time, lymph node metastasis, and incomplete surgical margins (P>0.05). Additionally, dogs with T4 stage, independent of the treatment, were 3.2 and 4.8-fold more likely to develop an early recurrence when comparing with T3 and T2, respectively. The results of this study demo... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Introduction: Breast cancer still remains the most common malignancy in women and its incidence is slowly increasing. A marked reduction of mortality has been achieved in the last 10 years thanks to modern diagnostic methods, mammary screening, and comprehensive and targeted cancer therapy. Modern diagnostic capabilities not only allow early diagnosis of a primary tumor lesion and precise determination of its biological nature before commencing treatment, but they also enable early diagnosis of local and regional recidives, including diagnosis of metastases in distant organs. In addition to clinical examination, conventional and complementary imaging examinations and tumor markers our objective was to determine the importance and use of growth factors in relation to the overall prognosis. The growth factors physiologically act already during the ontogenetic period when they control cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and apoptotic processes. It is known that they take part in the tumor growth processes which are characterized by autonomous behavior, increased proliferative activity, distinct differentiation activity and reduced apoptosis. Growth factors work as autoregulation factors in the neoplastic process as well as through their paracrine effects mediated by more or less specific receptors....

<p>Adrenocortical cancer (ACC) is a rare disease that is often difficult to diagnose, and therefore often presents at an advanced stage. Various cytotoxic treatments have been tried with little success. Evaluation of new diagnostic methods and improvement of medical therapies are therefore crucial.</p><p>The diagnostic potential of 11C-metomidate positron emission tomography (PET) was evaluated in eleven ACC patients. PET visualized all viable tumors with high tracer uptake, including two lesions that CT failed to detect. Necrotic or fibrotic tumors were PET negative. Medication with adrenal steroid inhibitors and chemotherapy may decrease the tracer uptake.</p><p>We performed a phase-II study with streptozocin and o,p’-DDD (SO) combination therapy in 40 ACC patients. The SO therapy was found to have impact on the disease-free interval (P = 0.02) as well as on survival (P = 0.01) in patients who received adjuvant therapy after curative resection. Complete or partial response was obtained in 36.4% of patients with measurable disease.</p><p>The efficacy and tolerability of combination therapy with vincristine, cisplatin, teniposide, and cyclophosphamide (OPEC) were evaluated in eleven patients with advanced ACC after failure of SO therapy. The median survival was 21 months from the start of treatment. A partial response was achieved in two patients. Adverse events were mainly restricted to grade 1-2 toxicities, and grade 3 toxicities were observed in only two cycles.</p><p>We tested 21 ACC tumors to analyze the expression of receptor tyrosine kinases and 15 ACC for mutation analysis of c-Kit exon 11, which can be targeted by antagonists such as imatinib. All ACCs expressed one or more kinases: c-Kit in 19 ACC and phospho-c-Kit in three while 14 ACCs expressed PDGFR-beta, suggesting the potential usefulness of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. No c-Kit mutations were detected in exon 11. Further evaluation of other mutations targeted by this drug may be needed.</p>

Adrenocortical cancer (ACC) is a rare disease that is often difficult to diagnose, and therefore often presents at an advanced stage. Various cytotoxic treatments have been tried with little success. Evaluation of new diagnostic methods and improvement of medical therapies are therefore crucial. The diagnostic potential of 11C-metomidate positron emission tomography (PET) was evaluated in eleven ACC patients. PET visualized all viable tumors with high tracer uptake, including two lesions that CT failed to detect. Necrotic or fibrotic tumors were PET negative. Medication with adrenal steroid inhibitors and chemotherapy may decrease the tracer uptake. We performed a phase-II study with streptozocin and o,p’-DDD (SO) combination therapy in 40 ACC patients. The SO therapy was found to have impact on the disease-free interval (P = 0.02) as well as on survival (P = 0.01) in patients who received adjuvant therapy after curative resection. Complete or partial response was obtained in 36.4% of patients with measurable disease. The efficacy and tolerability of combination therapy with vincristine, cisplatin, teniposide, and cyclophosphamide (OPEC) were evaluated in eleven patients with advanced ACC after failure of SO therapy. The median survival was 21 months from the start of treatment. A partial response was achieved in two patients. Adverse events were mainly restricted to grade 1-2 toxicities, and grade 3 toxicities were observed in only two cycles. We tested 21 ACC tumors to analyze the expression of receptor tyrosine kinases and 15 ACC for mutation analysis of c-Kit exon 11, which can be targeted by antagonists such as imatinib. All ACCs expressed one or more kinases: c-Kit in 19 ACC and phospho-c-Kit in three while 14 ACCs expressed PDGFR-beta, suggesting the potential usefulness of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. No c-Kit mutations were detected in exon 11. Further evaluation of other mutations targeted by this drug may be needed.