Submitted by PPG Zoologia (zoologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-09-13T17:02:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o - Escalona - Mois?s.pdf: 3628906 bytes, checksum: a6fc5f6bc6015a1a1a95f67e3c5c5f16 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-09-14T17:19:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o - Escalona - Mois?s.pdf: 3628906 bytes, checksum: a6fc5f6bc6015a1a1a95f67e3c5c5f16 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-14T17:46:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o - Escalona - Mois?s.pdf: 3628906 bytes, checksum: a6fc5f6bc6015a1a1a95f67e3c5c5f16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-28 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Os anuros emitem cantos de an?ncio com o objetivo de atrair parceiros e repelir concorrentes co-espec?ficos. Eu investiguei a associa??o entre o comprimento do corpo, o s?tio de vocaliza??o, o cuidado parental e a varia??o em propriedades ac?sticas do canto (dura??o do canto, n?mero de notas, freq??ncia de pico, largura de banda de freq??ncia e estrutura do canto) em pererecasde-vidro?uma fam?lia de pererecas que habitam florestas neotropicais?controlando para efeitos de ancestralidade compartilhada. Eu tamb?m explorei o tempo e o modo de evolu??o dessas caracter?sticas e as comparei com as de tr?s caracter?sticas morfol?gicas (comprimento do corpo, largura da cabe?a e comprimento da t?bia). Eu gerei e compilei dados ac?sticos para 72 esp?cies de pererecas-de-vidro (46 % da riqueza descrita), incluindo representantes de todos os g?neros, e analisei os dados usando m?todos comparativos filogen?ticos. Descobri que quase todas as caracter?sticas ac?sticas avaliadas tinham sinal filogen?tico significativo, mas geralmente modesto. O pico de frequ?ncia dos cantos ? significativamente associado ao comprimento do corpo, enquanto a estrutura dos cantos ? significativamente associada ao s?tio de vocaliza??o e ao sexo do adulto que desempenha cuidado-parental. Meus resultados sustentam que, al?m das restri??es filogen?ticas, o tamanho do corpo est? associado ? evolu??o dos cantos de an?ncio em Centrolenidae. A diversifica??o de caracter?sticas ac?sticas ao longo da filogenia de pererecas-de-vidro concorda com a radia??o dos taxa na transi??o entre Mioceno e Plioceno. A disparidade estimada para caracter?sticas ac?sticas foi geralmente maior que a de caracter?sticas morfol?gicas, e o pico de disparidade de caracter?sticas ac?sticas geralmente ocorreu mais tarde na evolu??o do grupo, sugerindo um in?cio historicamente recente da pronunciada diverg?ncia ac?stica entre esp?cies deste clado. / Anurans emit advertisement calls with the purpose of attracting mates and repelling conspecific competitors. I investigated the association between body size, calling site and parental care with call variables (call duration, number of notes, peak frequency, frequency bandwidth and call structure) in glassfrogs?a family of leaf-dwelling frogs which inhabit Neotropical forests?while controlling for effects of shared ancestry. I also explored the tempo and mode of evolution of these traits and compared them with those of three morphological traits (snout-vent length, and relative head width and tibia length). I generated and compiled acoustic data for 72 glassfrog species (46 % of described diversity), including representatives of all genera (n = 12), and analyzed the data using phylogenetic comparative methods. I found that almost all acoustic traits evaluated had significant, but generally modest phylogenetic signal. Peak frequency of calls is significantly associated with body-size, while call structure is significantly associated with calling site and with the sex of the caring parent. My results support that, besides phylogenetic constraints, body size is associated with the evolution of advertisement calls in glassfrogs. Diversification of acoustic traits along the phylogeny of glassfrogs is coincident with the radiation of extant taxa at the Miocene-Pliocene boundary. The estimated disparity of acoustic traits was larger than that of morphological traits and the peak in disparity of acoustic traits generally occurred later in the evolution of glassfrogs, suggesting a historically recent outset of the pronounced acoustic divergence in this clade.