Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1993.

Thesis (M.App.Sc.) - Carleton University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-157). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

China has long faced the exponential increase of wastewater. Therefore, sludge as the byproduct of wastewater treatment is a worldwide and difficult problem to treat and dispose. Many cities in China are trying to find an appropriate method of achieving this. However, due to a lack of funding, technology and research, some methods suitable for local conditions are still not available, even in the most modern and biggest cities in China. This thesis is intended to describe the method used for the treatment and disposal of sludge from industries now in Shanghai, Beijing and Chongqing. Compared with these three cities, Beijing produces more sludge per day, while Shanghai has the least sludge production. Further, the industrial waste piping system is not separated from the domestic system in these three cities. Moreover, the percentage of treated sludge is still very low in Shanghai, Beijing and Chongqing. Among these three cities, even the highest treatment rate of sludge is 35.41% (Beijing). The lowest is only 10.08% (Chongqing). Considering that much more sludge will be produced in the next a few years, the current situation in these three cities presents a stern challenge. Also, a calculation about the cost of disposal of sludge in these cities is included in this thesis. Incineration is most expensive method of disposal of sludge in China, while composting is the cheapest. Considering the huge population, the current technology and the economic conditions in China, composting is the best option for the disposal of sludge.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1994. / "Project report." Includes bibliographical references (leaves R1-R15).

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references.

Submitted by Simone Souza (simonecgsouza@hotmail.com) on 2017-10-16T11:52:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Ricardo de Sousa Carneiro.pdf: 3249963 bytes, checksum: 5a05cf20b4818f8fee9d578fe63e013a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-11-07T13:25:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Ricardo de Sousa Carneiro.pdf: 3249963 bytes, checksum: 5a05cf20b4818f8fee9d578fe63e013a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-07T13:25:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Ricardo de Sousa Carneiro.pdf: 3249963 bytes, checksum: 5a05cf20b4818f8fee9d578fe63e013a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-22 / Indústrias frigoríficas estão inseridas como o mais frequente empreendimento industrial em Mato Grosso justificado, principalmente, pela agropecuária ser a principal atividade econômica no Estado, tornando os abatedouros uma opção para agregar valor ao que aqui é criado, principalmente na produção de bovinos e aves. Intrínseco a indústria frigorífica está a geração de efluente, que precisa ser tratado antes da sua disposição no solo ou em corpos d’água. Lagoas de estabilização constitui o principal tipo de tratamento de efluente presente em frigoríficos no Estado. Este tipo de tratamento gera um resíduo semissólido denominado lodo. Este subproduto pode ser rico em nutrientes tornando-o um material que é denominado biossólido. Entretanto, para receber tal denominação o lodo de lagoas de estabilização deve apresentar características químicas e biológicas compatíveis com sua utilização. Estas características são também relevantes quanto à patogenicidade. No Brasil, a Resolução CONAMA 375/2006 estabelece parâmetros de concentração de microrganismos para utilização de lodo gerado em sistemas de tratamento de efluentes como fonte de nutrientes para o solo. Em Várzea Grande – MT um complexo de Indústrias Frigoríficas, instalado desde o fim dos anos 70, destinou seus efluentes gerados a um sistema de tratamento de efluentes composto por lagoas de estabilização contendo duas lagoas anaeróbias, uma lagoa facultativa e uma lagoa de maturação. Em janeiro de 2012 este tratamento de efluentes foi desativado e substituído por outro em outra área, o lodo presente no sistema foi reunido nas duas lagoas aeróbias objetivando sua estabilização, desidratação e inertização de patógenos. Diante deste contexto, este trabalho avaliou quali-quantitativamente o lodo acumulado das lagoas de estabilização do complexo de indústrias com vistas à disposição final no solo. Para tal, foram realizados dois estudos de batimetria, um em outubro de 2012 e outro em janeiro de 2014, a determinação das variáveis físico-químicas de SST, pH, DBO, Nitrogênio e Fósforo e a determinação das concentrações de Ovos de Helmintos, Coliformes Termotolerantes e Salmonellas junto ao segundo teste de batimetria. Por fim, conclui-se que o lodo reunido nas lagoas anaeróbias reduziu em aproximadamente 30% seu volume, possui concentração satisfatória de nitrogênio se comparado a outros materiais utilizados como biossólidos, porém pobre em fósforo realizando a mesma comparação. Está ausente de Salmonellas e possui alto teor de umidade, próximo de 98% e concentrações dos microrganismos coliformes termotolerantes e ovos de helmintos acima do permitido pela Resolução CONAMA 375/2006 o que inviabiliza, por hora, a sua utilização no solo. Também foi determinado, em função de formulações apresentadas na metodologia e das condições locais, que até fevereiro de 2015 o lodo possuirá umidade próxima de 70%. Sugestões para aceleração do desaguamento e inertização também estão presentes neste trabalho. / Slaughterhouses are inserted as the most frequent industrial enterprise in Mato Grosso justified mainly by agriculture is the main economic activity in the state, making slaughterhouses an option to add value to what is created here, especially in the production of cattle and poultry. Intrinsic to the slaughter industry is the generation of wastewater that must be treated prior to disposal in soil or water bodies. Stabilization ponds are the main type of treatment of this effluent in refrigerators in the state. This type of treatment generates a semisolid residue called sludge. This by-product can be rich in nutrients making it a material that is called biosolids. However, to receive this designation sludge stabilization ponds shall provide chemical and biological characteristics consistent with its use. These characteristics are also relevant as to pathogenicity. In Brazil, the CONAMA Resolution 375/2006 establishes parameters for concentration of microorganisms for use of sludge generated in wastewater treatment systems as a source of nutrients to the soil. In Várzea Grande – MT a complex of industries slaughter, installed since the late '70s, their effluents destined to a wastewater treatment system consisting of stabilization ponds containing two anaerobic ponds, a facultative pond and maturation pond. In January 2012 this treatment effluent was deactivated and replaced by another in another area, the sludge present in the system was assembled in both aerobic lagoons aiming its stabilization, dewatering and blanketing of pathogens. Given this context, this study evaluated qualitative and quantitatively the accumulated sludge from the waste stabilization ponds of complex industries with a view to disposal in soil. To this end, two studies bathymetry, one in October 2012 and another in January 2014, the determination of physico-chemical parameters of TSS, pH, BOD, COD, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and the determination of helminth eggs were performed , thermotolerant coliforms and Salmonella with the second test bathymetry. Finally, it is concluded that the sludge collected in anaerobic pounds reduced by approximately 30% in volume, has satisfactory nitrogen concentration compared to other materials used as biosolids, but poor in phosphorus performing the same comparison. Salmonella is absent and has high moisture content, around 98%, and concentrations of thermotolerant coliform microorganisms and helminth eggs above those permitted by CONAMA Resolution 375/2006 which prevents, for now, their use in soil. Was also determined according to the methodology presented formulations and local conditions, that until February 2015 the sludge possess humidity close to 70%. Suggestions for accelerated dewatering and blanketing are also present in this work.

The target of the first part of this diploma thesis is focused on the problems relating to the sludge production from the wastewater treatment plant and subsequent sludge treatment. In this thesis complete process of the wastewater treatment is described. Predominantingly is described the process in digestion tanks, therefore stabilization process, whereas the paper is focused on sludge pre-treatment (disintegration) of waste activated sludge before stabilization. The second part of this thesis is focused on the design of the disintegration unit for the wastewater treatment sludge in assist with experimental data. According to measured and fixed parameters the unfired pressure vessel has been designed. On the vessel has been further realized the strength calculation, the heat balance and the economic balance.