Univ., Diss.--Hamburg, 2008.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Adult Learning and Leadership / Sarah Jane Fishback / Over 76 million people between the ages of 65 and 70 years old are making the decision to continue to work or retire. The factors that contribute to professional women’s employability after age 65 who continue to work are important to understand. Many women as they approach age 65 may want to know this information as once you retire, it may be hard to turn back. Also, helping professions in gerontology and other related areas may want to encourage women to continue to work instead of just encouraging them only to retire. Work can help individuals stay healthier and mentally sharp and it takes physical health and mental sharpness to stay employed. There is a mutual benefit. An exploratory qualitative research design was selected to understand the perceptions of how professional women continue to stay employed beyond age 65. Thirteen women (N=13) were interviewed to elucidate specific factors that support delayed retirement. Since longevity and vitality are increasing, extending work life can help individuals age well. Results showed that five themes emerged after an in-depth analysis of the individual interviews, all of which greatly affect each woman’s employability after 65 years of age. These themes discovered were: (a) Enjoyment of Work, (b) Physical Health and Mental Sharpness, (c) Relationships with Work Colleagues, (d) Personal Resilience, and (e) Continuous Learning and Deep Relevant Expertise.

Feed is the most expensive input in poultry production systems accounting for approximately 70% of the total production costs, with maize and soybean meals contributing the bulk of raw material ingredients used and influence the costs of broiler feed. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) would provide a metabolic compensation to reduced dietary apparent metabolisable energy (AME) by acting as a backup to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) shortage and if such compensation will have a synergistic effect in the presence of nonstarch polysaccharide degrading enzymes (NSPases). Another aim was to evaluate whether NSPases would improve growth of broilers receiving reduced energy in the diet through their effect on feed digestibility. A growth performance trial was conducted using 1920 broiler chickens placed in a 96-pen environmentally controlled broiler facility. Guanidinoacetic acid was included in the feed at 600 g/ton as the commercial product CreAMINO® (Alzchem, Germany) which contains at least 96% GAA, whereas the commercial product Rovabio Advance® (Adisseo, France) was included at a level of 50 g/ton as a source of NSP degrading enzymes. The study consisted of six maize-soybean dietary treatments with 16 replications each. The Positive Control diet was formulated as a standard commercial diet with 2900, 3000 and 3050 kcal/kg (11.70, 12.02 and 11.97 MJ/kg) AME in the starter, grower and finisher phase diets, respectively) without any of the test additives. A Negative Control (NC1) diet contained 65 kcal/kg (or 2%) AME less than the Positive Control. The NC1 diet was then supplemented with either NSP degrading enzymes (Rovabio Advance®) or GAA (CreAMINO®). A second Negative Control (NC2) diet contained 130 kcal/kg (or 4%) AME less than the Positive Control. The last of the treatment diets was similar to the NC2 diet but supplemented with both the test feed additives simultaneously. The test additives were supplemented during the starter, grower and the finisher phases of growth. There was a drop in production performance for the broilers that received NC1 and NC2, evident by significant reductions in body weights and increased feed conversion ratios. Supplementation of NC1 with CreAMINO® significantly improved the body weights of broilers. . No benefit, however, was observed for the NSPase that was included in the diets. It is suggested that CreAMINO® has the potential to contribute at least 65 kcal/g (0.272 MJ/kg) AME in the diet of broilers. / Dissertation (MSc (Agric) Animal Science: Animal Nutrition)--University of Pretoria, 2021. / Animal and Wildlife Sciences / MSc (Agric) Animal Science: Animal Nutrition / Unrestricted

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-100). / The present study, which will investigate three works of Benjamin Britten for mezzosopranos, is envisaged as an aid to interpreters wishing to gain further insights into these works. The study focuses on three vocal works of varying genre: The Rape of Lucretia, A Charm of Lullabies, and Phaedra. The investigation of each work starts with the historical background, in wh ich Britten's life and career at the time of the work is discussed briefly, including reviews of the work. The performers and librettists, who were involved in the composition, are also discussed. Secondly, an analytical survey is done on the text and music for each work. Brief background notes on the writers and poets, and on their style, influences and intentions, are included. The historical background of each text is explored, as well as the role of the character within the narrative, dramatic or literary/poetic context. The musical characteristics of each work are highlighted, which reveal stylistic aspects of Britten's writing. The influence of each work's genre (chamber opera, song cycle and solo cantata) on the interpretation of text and character is discussed, as well as how the voice is accompanied. Lastly, a comparative survey of different recorded portrayals of each work looks at the background history, and approach of the various performers, as well as their advice to other performers.

Includes bibliographical references. / This study presents a musical analysis using a process of pitch mapping. Pitch rows are presented graphically to demonstrate the visual design of the music. Description of the process is preceded by a discussion of some of the historical, and philosophical factors that are relevant to the development of Pärt’s tintinnabuli music. The musical and political history of Estonia and some of its other composers are presented as an important resource for understanding Pärt’s music. The use of proportions and formulas in the music is presented as being connected to a long line of similar practice in the fields of music, mathematics, physics and astronomy that has been used in the pursuit of an understanding of the Universe. Although informed by an extensive depth of spirituality, research and construction, the music remains an intensely personal expression of the composer. In this combination of structure and intuition it is able to resonate with people across many different cultures, and across many visible and invisible boundaries. Through the establishment of tonal stability in tintinnabuli music, extra-musical codes and symbols can be placed within its structure. This is achieved through a compositional process that includes both highly organized proportional formulas and creative intuition. The process of pitch mapping as a method of musical analysis demonstrates how this can be done. Pitch mapping is presented as a creative process of musical analysis. Visual images and animated visual images are used to add to an understanding of the music.

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-71). / ...a serendipitous discovery of the Aissawa Order of Morocco ... lead me to become interested in the music of Morocco and particularly the use of oboes by the people of that country. I had already heard recordings of the Master Musicians of Jajouka, another Moroccan group who uses oboes, but saw that this group is already very well documented, and hoped that a study of the Aissawa would be more interesting because of their relative obscurity. They are a particularly interesting group because they are one of the few Sufi Orders that use the ghaita in their spiritual ceremonies (even though it is used widely as a secular ceremonial instrument), and this fact tempted me to explore the importance of the instrument to the group.

The goal of this dissertation was to examine the effect of multimedia design strategies on learning across the lifespan and across working memory capacities. The introduction outlines the main theoretical frameworks that constitute multimedia research, and the preliminary research that facilitated the articles represented in this sandwich thesis. The key contributions were 1) the replication of the negative effect of redundant text compared to complementary images on multimedia learning in younger adults, and an interesting reversal effect in older adults who benefited from redundant text and were impaired by images, 2) the finding that learners were unable to recognize ineffective presentations even when given direct exposure to both effective and ineffective designs, and 3) the demonstration that working memory capacity (WMC) predicted learning from various presentation designs—with poorly designed presentations selectively hindering low WMC learners, while pedagogically-sound presentation designs mediated differences in WMC and homologized performance. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / The goal of this dissertation was to examine the effect of multimedia design strategies on learning across the lifespan and across working memory capacities. The introduction outlines the main theoretical frameworks that constitute multimedia research, and the preliminary research that facilitated the articles represented in this sandwich thesis. The key contributions were 1) the replication of the negative effect of redundant text compared to complementary images on multimedia learning in younger adults, and an interesting reversal effect in older adults who benefited from redundant text and were impaired by images, 2) the finding that learners were unable to recognize ineffective presentations even when given direct exposure to both effective and ineffective designs, and 3) the demonstration that working memory capacity (WMC) predicted learning from various presentation designs—with poorly designed presentations selectively hindering low WMC learners, while pedagogically-sound presentation designs mediated differences in WMC and homologized performance.

This dissertation explores the impact of colonial museum-making methods on the communities which they serve and the human body. Based on this research it then proposes alternative approaches to museum-making in a post-colonial context. The inquiry begins with an exploration of the history of museums in within a European, and then a South African context. It then goes on to look at the physical effects museums have on the human body and how people choose to engage as a result. This entry point ends with a summary of what people may need to be physically able to better engage with museums. The dissertation then goes to identify the Company Gardens as a site area and looks to its narrative as a guide to design. Based on this process, emerges an architectural intervention of an indigenous botany library and museum that aims to share the narrative of indigenous plants and Khoisan-based plant knowledge through its design. Initially, this dissertation aimed to find a fixed framework and approach to de-colonial museum design. But through the research process it becomes clear that there is no fixed approach to de- colonial museum design but rather it is a context-based process. This project becomes about reclaiming a previously colonised space and regaining agency of narrative. It attempts to disrupt colonial continuities that are still present in the Company Gardens.

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